Download Chapter 10- Stars, Galaxies and the Universe

Chapter 10- Stars, Galaxies and the Universe-PRACTICE TEST
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Both reflecting and refracting telescopes are designed to
a. break visible light into colors of the spectrum.
b. separate visible light from ultraviolet and radio waves.
c. gather and focus visible light.
d. work better with short-wavelength radiation.
____
2. Reflecting telescopes differ from refracting telescopes in having
a. no eyepiece lens.
b. two large objective lenses.
c. a mirror instead of an objective lens.
d. one large objective lens.
____
3. A light-year is
a. 365 days.
b. the distance light travels in a year.
c. the distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri.
d. the amount of light the sun produces in a year.
____
4. Characteristics used to classify stars include
a. distance, size, and color.
b. size, distance, and brightness.
c. color, brightness, and distance.
d. size, brightness, and temperature.
____
5. What color are the coolest stars?
a. blue-white
b. yellow
c. red
d. orange
____
6. A star is born when
a. a nebula expands.
b. helium and oxygen combine.
c. nuclear fusion starts.
d. a protostar begins to cool.
____
7. The variable that determines whether a protostar becomes a star is its
a. surface temperature.
b. age.
c. mass.
d. color and brightness.
____
8. The lifetime of a star depends on its
a. temperature.
b. absolute brightness.
c. mass.
d. apparent brightness.
____
9. Depending on its mass, a star may live from about
a. 1 million to 10 million years.
b. 5 million to 100 million years.
c. 10 million to 200 billion years.
d. 10 billion to 500 billion years.
____ 10. A supernova is the explosion of a dying
a. medium-mass star.
b. high-mass star.
c. protostar.
d. low-mass star.
____ 11. From the cosmic background radiation, scientists can infer that, just after the big bang, the universe must have
been
a. very small.
b. hot.
c. the same average temperature as it is today.
d. cooler than it is today.
____ 12. More than half of all stars are members of groups of two or more stars called
a. galaxies.
b. eclipsing binaries.
c. star systems.
d. star clusters.
____ 13. Which of the following is a major difference between elliptical galaxies and spiral galaxies?
a. Elliptical galaxies have almost no gas or dust between the stars.
b. Elliptical galaxies vary more in shape than spiral galaxies.
c. Spiral galaxies have almost no gas or dust between the stars.
d. Spiral galaxies contain only old stars.
____ 14. The Milky Way galaxy is an example of a(n)
a. spiral galaxy.
b. globular cluster.
c. elliptical galaxy.
d. irregular galaxy.
____ 15. According to Hubble’s law, the farther away a galaxy is,
a. the faster it is moving toward us.
b. the slower it is moving toward us.
c. the slower it is moving away from us.
d. the faster it is moving away from us.
____ 16. The theory that astronomers have developed to describe the formation of the universe is called the
a. big crunch theory.
b. collision-ring theory.
c. galactic expansion theory.
d. big bang theory.
____ 17. The solar system formed from
a. an expanding galaxy.
b. a giant cloud of gas and dust.
c. an enormous explosion.
d. a black hole.
____ 18. The absolute brightness of a star depends on its
a. distance and temperature.
b. size and temperature.
c. color and temperature.
d. distance and color.
____ 19. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows that main-sequence stars
a. are mostly hot and dim.
b. are mostly cool and bright.
c. increase in brightness as they increase in temperature.
d. decrease in brightness as they increase in temperature.
____ 20. The force that tends to pull together the matter in stars is
a. gravity.
b. nuclear fusion.
c. dark energy.
d. dark matter.
____ 21. Why are many large optical telescopes located on mountains?
a. to be closer to the stars
b. to be above part of the atmosphere
c. because it is easier to build telescopes on mountains
d. to be closer to city lights
____ 22. The mysterious force that may be causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate is called
a. gravity.
b. dark matter.
c. dark energy.
d. cosmic background radiation.
____ 23. What is likely to happen to the universe in the future?
a. It will contract.
b. It will remain the same size.
c. It will expand forever.
d. It will expand and then contract.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 24. A reflecting telescope uses a mirror to focus light onto a small area. _________________________
____ 25. Most galaxies are moving away from each other, which means the universe is contracting.
_________________________
____ 26. Astronomers typically measure distances to stars in units called kilometers. _________________________
____ 27. The brightness of a star as seen from Earth is its apparent brightness. _________________________
____ 28. The remains of a star that has no fuel but glows faintly is a black dwarf. _________________________
____ 29. Stars with less mass will last longer than stars with more mass. _________________________
____ 30. The sun is part of a(n) elliptical galaxy. _________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
31. A device that detects radio waves from objects in space is called a(n) ____________________.
32. An object’s apparent change in position when viewed from two different places is called
____________________.
33. The length of a star’s life is determined by its ____________________.
34. A dying high-mass star can suddenly explode, becoming a(n) ____________________.
35. A galaxy that does not have a regular shape is classified as a(n) ____________________ galaxy.
36. According to the big bang theory, the universe formed about _________________________ years ago.
37. Telescopes work by collecting and focusing different forms of ____________________ radiation.
38. Astronomers can determine a star’s chemical composition by using a(n) _________________________ to
observe the wavelengths of light the star emits.
39. The most massive stars collapse to form ____________________ when they die.
40. A(n) ____________________ galaxy has a characteristic pinwheel shape.
41. A spectrograph breaks the light from an object into a(n) ____________________, or range of different colors,
and produces an image of it.
42. All stars begin as part of a large cloud of gas and dust called a(n) ____________________.
43. A protostar becomes a star when energy is released by the process of _________________________.
44. Our solar system is located in the ____________________ galaxy.
45. ____________________ uses powers of ten to write very large or small numbers in shorter form.
46. Matter in space that does not give off electromagnetic radiation is called ____________________.
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question.
47. Compare our sun to Alpha Centauri A in terms of color, absolute brightness, and surface temperature.
48. State how Barnard’s star and Mira are similar.
49. Name the stars on the diagram that are blue or blue-white.
50. Describe three features of the star Deneb.
51. Compare Betelgeuse and Barnard’s star in terms of size, color, and lifetime.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
52. How does a neutron star form?
53. What determines whether a star will form a black hole when it dies?
54. What is a supernova?
55. How does a star’s life begin?
56. When a star begins to run out of fuel, what two types of stars can it become?
57. What happens to low-mass and medium-mass stars when they run out of fuel?