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Cell Cycle and Mitosis Note Outline AP biology
1) Interphase – Interphase is the time ______ cell divisions where the cell grows to
full size, duplicates its DNA and rests. Cells live a “normal” life in Interphase
Interphase is broken into three different sub-phases _________________________
2) G1 Phase – (Gap) - Occurs just after cell division
Cell must ___________ to normal size
Proteins are made etc
3) G0 Phase – Resting Phase
Most of an adult’s cells are in Interphase, stopping in G0. Cell undergoes normal
_______________ while resting. A cell that skips this phase can become
________________ growing uncontrollably
4) Check points – Places where cell checks itself for __________ before proceeding
Cancer bypasses check points
5) S Phase – Synthesis
________ is synthesized or copied in preparation for ________________
6) Point of no return –
Once a cell enters this S phase it is
_________________ to go through ____________
A cell must divide or self-destruct upon entering
7) G2 Phase – Gap 2
Cell grows larger in _______________ for cell division
Organelles, Centrosomes, enzymes and proteins are
replicated
8) M Phase – Mitosis
Division of cell _________. DNA forms into __________
Chromosomes ____________ with identical pairs moving to opposite sides of the cell
New _____________________ forms around each set of chromosomes
9) Chromosomes - Only appear during Mitosis
Sister chromatids =
Homologous chromosomes =
Centromere –
Kineticore –
10)Binary Fission - Cell division in Prokaryotes –
NO _________________
No ____________________
Origen of replication is where DNA replicated first
11)
Regulation of the cell cycle
-
Cyclin - a ___________ that controls the cell cycle
-
CDK - (Cyclin Dependent Kinase) binds to
__________ to form _________
A Kinase is an enzyme that _______________
proteins
-
MPF - (Maturation Promoting Factor) helps start
________________
12)Formation of MPF brings past ______checkpoint
13)Growth factor – Protein released by certain body cells that ___________ other cells to
__________
14)Density dependent inhibition - Crowded cells stop ___________________
15)Anchorage dependence - To divide, most cells must be _________________________
16)CANCER – Cells mutate and grow
Normally a mutant cell is destroyed or self-destructs.
Called __________________
This does not occur in cancer cell
Cancer cells are not ____________________
by density or lack of anchorage
17)Tumors – Mass of abnormal cells
Benign tumor –
Malignant tumor –
Metastasis –
MITOSIS – YOU DO NOT have to memorize stages
18) Prophase –Chromosomes become visible, Spindle fibers form,
Nuclear envelope breaks down, Centrioles are replicated (Animal cells only)
19)Metaphase – Chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate.
Polar microtubules vs. Kinetochore microtubules.
20)Anaphase – Each Kinetochore “eats” the spindle fiber and the sister chromatids are
moved apart. The polar microtubules push the poles apart.
21)Telophase – The nucleus reforms, The chromosomes become chromatin
Cytokinesis begins
22)C Phase – Cytokinesis -The complete separation of daughter cells.
Membrane sides connect
23)Cytokinesis Plant vs. Animal
Animal –
Plant 24)Interphase – Cell goes back to interphase after division