Download Deep Space Mystery Note Form 3

NAME: Maya
Deep Space Mystery Note Form 3
1. Complete one form for each website that you use.
2. Copy and paste the website URL here:
Resource 4- April 14, 2011- Supernova
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova#Observation_history
3. Complete the table below (add more rows for additional paragraphs. Underline key information in the
original paragraphs. Write bullet points (nuggets) in your own words in the summary/comment column. Use
the guide questions column to keep track of your questions as you read.
4. Complete the summary paragraph.
Original Paragraphs
Title
Hipparchus' interest in the fixed stars may have
been inspired by the observation of a supernova.
The earliest recorded supernova, SN 185, was
viewed by Chinese astronomers in 185 AD. The
brightest recorded supernova was the SN 1006,
which was described in detail by Chinese and
Islamic astronomers. The widely observed
supernova SN 1054 produced the Crab Nebula.
Supernovae SN 1572 and SN 1604, the latest to be
observed with the naked eye in the Milky Way
galaxy, had notable effects on the development of
astronomy in Europe because they were used to
argue against the Aristotelian idea that the universe
beyond the Moon and planets was immutable.
Johannes Kepler began observing SN 1604 on
October 17, 1604. It was the second supernova to
be observed in a generation.
Since the development of the telescope the field of
supernova discovery has extended to other
galaxies, starting with the 1885 observation of
supernova S Andromedae in the Andromeda
galaxy. Supernovae provide important information
on cosmological distances. During the twentieth
century successful models for each type of
supernova were developed, and scientists'
Summary/Comments
Who?
What?
When?
Where?
Why?
How?
 Earliest called SN 185. In
185 AD recorded by
Chinese astronomers
 Brightest- SN 1006
recorded by Chinese and
Islamic astronomers
 SN 1054 produced the Crab
Nebula.
 Latest observed in the milky
way with the naked eye was
SN 1572 and SN 1604
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Telescope has allowed us to
look farther than the milky
way.
1885 observation of
supernova S Andromedae in
the Andromeda galaxy was
the first to be observed with
a telescope.
Guide Questions
comprehension of the role of supernovae in the star
formation process is growing. American
astronomers Rudolph Minkowski and Fritz Zwicky
developed the modern supernova classification
scheme beginning in 1941.
In the 1960s astronomers found that the maximum
intensities of supernova explosions could be used
as standard candles, hence indicators of
astronomical distances. Some of the most distant
supernovae recently observed appeared dimmer
than expected. This supports the view that the
expansion of the universe is accelerating.
Techniques were developed for reconstructing
supernova explosions that have no written records
of being observed. The date of the Cassiopeia A
supernova event was determined from light echoes
off nebulae, while the age of supernova remnant
RX J0852.0-4622 was estimated from temperature
measurements and the gamma ray emissions from
the decay of titanium-44. In 2009 nitrates were
discovered in Antarctic ice deposits that matched
the times of past supernova events.
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Provide info on
cosmological distances
In the 1960s some
astromomers discovered the
maximum intensities of
supernova explosions could
be used as a standered
candles.
Recent supernovae have
been dimmer than expected.
Suggests that the universe is
accelerating.
They are finding supernovae
that never had been
recorded.
Cassiopeia A was found
from light echoes off
nebulae.
Summary Information
What is a Supernova
 Dying star
 Witnessed supernovae in other nearby galaxies.
 Occurs here once every 50 years.
 Outshine an entire galaxy
 Give out as much energy as the sun can in a life time.
Type I
 Type 1
 When the core’s fusion process runs out of fuel, it messes with the constent gravitational pull.
 Outward pressure drops and then it is unbalanced with more gravity.
 The core starts to condense.
 Shrinking at the core continues
 Becomes red super giant.
 Shrinks too much, a series of nuclear reactions is unleashed.
 Says around for a bit.
 Start swelling and growing to become that.
 The core could have temperatures of billions of degrees Celsius.
 Iron atoms are so squeezed so much.
 The forces of their nuclei create a recoil of the squeezed core.
 Then is the supernova.
Type II
 Type II
 Binary stars are when there are two stars and they revolve around each other.
 In these systems supernovas occur also.
 Stars up to eight times the mass of our sun usually evolve into white dwarfs.
 A star that is condensed to this size has a very strong gravitational pull.
 With that gravity, if the second star is close enough, it can pull material from there.
 White dwarf gets a lot of mass
 Chandrasekhar Limit
 Pressure on the center will make the star explode.
 Thermonuclear means: nuclear reactions that occur only at very high temperatures.
Black holes and neutron stars
 Because of the big transfer of matter and energy, there is a different star.
 Small core of neutrons
 Spinning neutron star.
 Neutrons produce radio waves in a steady stream or random bursts.
 Stars 10 times the sun will leave a black hole.
 Leave behind a large core.
 With no energy fuse, it doesn’t have any out ward pressure so it gets engulfed in it’s own gravity and it
turns into a Black hole
History
 Occurs here once every 50 years.
 Keplers supernova- 1604
 That was the last one.
 Crab Nebula- 1054
 Large Magellanic Cloud – 1987
 First was in 185 AD
 Chinese Astronomers saw it.
 Up in the sky for 8 months.
 Brightest- SN 1006 recorded by Chinese and Islamic astronomers
 SN 1054 produced the Crab Nebula.
 Latest observed in the milky way with the naked eye was SN 1572 and SN 1604
 Telescope has allowed us to look farther than the milky way.
 1885 observation of supernova S Andromedae in the Andromeda galaxy was the first to be observed
with a telescope.
 Provide info on cosmological distances
 In the 1960s some astromomers discovered the maximum intensities of supernova explosions could be
used as a standered candles.
 Recent supernovae have been dimmer than expected.
 Suggests that the universe is accelerating.
 They are finding supernovae that never had been recorded.
 Cassiopeia A was found from light echoes off nebulae.
Effects
 Remnants from that star are still studied.
 Remnants are what is left of a supernova explosion.
 Remnats heat up the gases and dusts between the stars.
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Supernovae place heavy elements.
With out Remnats there would be no sun no earth and no us, because we are made of some of the same
elements that stars are made of and that stuff is released with a star explodes.
Can be in the sky for weeks
Throw matter into space 9000, to 25,000 miles per second.
Produce a lot of the material in the universe
Iron that is produced makes our planet and even ourselves.
Add elements to space clouds.
Helps new stars form
will probably destroy our solar system.