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Name: _________________________________________________ Date: __________ Period: ______
Unit: Manifest Destiny and Crisis, 192-201; Chapter 2 Section 3: Reading Study Guide
Language Objectives: Students will answer each question in complete sentences using the academic language.
Manifest Destiny and Crisis, 192-201
Manifest Destiny
Copy the Main Idea
1. To what territory of Mexico did Austin and the American immigrants move into in 1821, after promising the
Mexican government that they would learn Spanish, become Catholic and become Mexican citizens? 193/1/2
2. The philosophy of “manifest destiny” advocated by many Americans in the 1840’s was based on the belief that
God had given the American people a mission to spread three things: Protestant faith (not Catholicism), free-market
capitalism based on private property (including slavery), and “white male democracy” within a system of
representative government. Where did believers in this philosophy believe America was “destined” to spread, when
at the time the western border of the US was the Louisiana Purchase territory? 193/1/6
3. What two groups would find themselves “in the way” of the expanding American “civilization”? 193/2/1,2
4. In 1830, as thousands more Americans poured into Texas beyond the number agreed to by Steven Austin and the
Mexican government, what two actions did the Mexican government take in order to prevent Texas from being
overwhelmed by American immigrants? 194/1/1
5. The Mexican families who had established ranches and cities in Texas were called Tejanos. Some of these
Tejanos fought alongside the American immigrants to win independence for Texas when the government of Mexico
rejected Texas’ proposal to become an equal state within Mexico. How were the Tejanos betrayed by their American
“allies” five months after the victory in the Battle of San Jacinto gave Texas its independence, resulting in the
creation of the “Lone Star Republic?”
6. In the 1848 election, Democratic nominee James K. Polk favored annexing Texas as a slave state and trying to
take California away from Mexico. How did Whig candidate Henry Clay’s support of annexing Texas create a
situation in which Polk was able to win the election? 194/2/ 2
7. What was the political purpose behind President Polk’s decision to send US troops into the disputed territory with
Mexico along the Rio Grande, which he hoped would provoke the Mexican army into firing at US soldiers? 195/1/3
8. Name the treaty which Mexico’s leaders were forced to sign ending the Mexican War, and list the modern states
(and parts of modern states) that the US added to the Union as a result of its victory. 195/1/6
Name: _________________________________________________ Date: __________ Period: ______
Unit: Manifest Destiny and Crisis, 192-201; Chapter 2 Section 3: Reading Study Guide
Slavery and Western Expansion
Copy the Main Idea
9. During the war with Mexico, a Democrat from Pennsylvania got the House of Representatives to support a
proposal (which the Senate later refused to consider) which would have banned slaveowners from bringing their
slaves into any territory won from Mexico in the war (especially California). The idea behind this was to keep
poorer white farmers in the North from having to compete with the economic power of wealthy slave owners if they
moved to the western territories. What’s the name for this failed proposal, which showed that the real conflict
between the North and South was over where slavery could exist, not if it should exist? 196/1/1
10. In what sense did the idea of using “popular sovereignty” to determine whether new states would allow or
prohibit slavery appear “democratic”? 196/1/2
11. What new party was formed in the 1848 presidential election to oppose “popular sovereignty” because the new
party believed it allowed for the possibility of rich slave owners moving west and taking over valuable lands the new
party wanted to make available to poor northern farmers? 196/2/Top
12. What was discovered in 1848 in California which made it even more valuable in the eyes of Americans, and
what others reasons did northerners see vital for their economic futures in California? 196/2/1
13. California wanted to enter the Union as a free state, but the South objected, and the North would have to give up
something valuable in exchange for the South allowing California to become a free state. Use the chart at the top of
the second column on page 197 to describe a “clear victory for the South” under the Compromise of 1850.
14. What fundamental right was denied to free black people in a free state in the North who a “slave catcher”
accused of being a runaway, which made it impossible for the accused to defend himself? 197/1/2
15. Other than an affidavit asserting that the captive had escaped, what else would be enough “evidence” for a court
to order a free black person returned to slavery in the a South? 197/1/2
16. What requirement of the Fugitive Slave Law drove many Northerners into active defiance? 197/1/3
Name: _________________________________________________ Date: __________ Period: ______
Unit: Manifest Destiny and Crisis, 192-201; Chapter 2 Section 3: Reading Study Guide
17. How did “conductors” on the Underground Railroad, such as Harriet Tubman, help slaves gain their freedom?
197/1/4
18. Where did Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois want the eastern starting point of the proposed transcontinental
railroad to be? 197/2/1
19. What did Douglas propose in order to get Southern slave holders to accept his plan and what was the name for
the law Congress passed in 1854 that allowed the people of the Kansas territory the decide whether their state would
be slave or free based on the principle of “popular sovereignty?” 198/1?Top
20. When Northern anti-slavery settlers and pro-slavery Southerners from Missouri competed for control of the new
Kansas territory, what did “Bleeding Kansas” become? 198/1/1
The Crisis Deepens
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21. Give two reasons the Kansas-Nebraska Act enraged many opponents of slavery. 198/2/1
22. What was the one thing that all people who belonged to the Republican Party agreed on? 198/2/2
23. What were the abolitionist lawyers who sued on behalf of Dred Scott arguing as the reason that the Supreme
Court should order Dred Scott freed after he had been taken from the slave state of Missouri to work in a free
territory for several years? 199/1/1
24. Besides declaring that Scott was still a slave and that “no black person has any rights a white man has to
respect,” what did Chief Justice Roger d state about Congress’s ban on slavery in the western territories? 199/1/1
25. Describe John Brown’s plan to incite an insurrection, or rebellion, against slaveholders. 199/2/1
26. Describe the difference in how Northerners and Southerners viewed Brown’s raid and his execution by the state
of Virginia. 199/2/2
Name: _________________________________________________ Date: __________ Period: ______
Unit: Manifest Destiny and Crisis, 192-201; Chapter 2 Section 3: Reading Study Guide
The Union Dissolves
Copy The Main Idea
27. As they met to choose a candidate for president in the 1860 election, what did Southern Democrats want their
party to do? 199/2/4
28.What did Northern Democrats, such as eventual nominee Stephen Douglas, prefer? 199/2/4
29. What did Southern Democrats who walked out of the convention do? 200/1/1
30. Although Republican nominee Abraham Lincoln was not an abolitionist, what two things can you say he
believed about slavery? 202/2/Top
31. What did Republicans reaffirm during the campaign? 200/2/1
32. What three other policies did Republicans support, which they hoped would contribute to the economic growth
of the nation? 200/2/1
33. What’s the main reason Lincoln won even though he wasn’t even on the ballot in most Southern states? 200/2/2
34. How did many Southerners view Lincoln’s election? What did South Carolina (and eventually six other
Southern states) do? 200/2/3