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Unit 1 Study Guide Please note that this is not a complete list of everything that you need to study. However, being familiar with this information would be of great benefit. Chapter 1 – Government and the State Define government and the basic powers every government holds Describe the four defining characteristics of the state Identify four theories that attempt to explain the origin of the state Understand the purpose of government in the US and other countries Classify governments according to three sets of characteristics Define systems of government based on who can participate Identify different ways that power can be distributed, geographically, within a state Describe a government by how power is distributed between the executive branch and legislative branch Understand the foundations of democracy Analyze the connections between democracy and the free enterprise system Identify the role of the Internet in a democracy Chapter 2 – Origins of American Government Identify the three basic concepts of government that influenced government in America Explain the significance of the following landmark documents: Magna Carta Petition of Right English Bill of Rights Describe the three types of colonies that the English established in North America Explain how Britain’s colonial policies contributed to the growth of self-government in the colonies Identify some of the steps that led to growing feelings of colonial unity Compare the outcome of the First Continental Congress to that of the Second Continental Congress Analyze the ideas of the Declaration of Independence Describe the drafting of the first State constitutions and summarize the constitutions’ common features Describe the structure of the government set up under the Articles of Confederation Explain why the weaknesses of the Articles led to a critical period for the government in the 1780s Describe how the need for a stronger National Government led to plans for a Constitutional Convention Identify the Framers of the Constitution and discuss how the delegates organized the proceedings at the Philadelphia Convention Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey plan for a new constitution Summarize the major compromises that the delegates agreed to make and the effects of those compromises Identify some of the sources from which the Framers of the Constitution drew inspiration Describe the delegates’ reaction to the Constitution as they completed their work in Philadelphia Identify the opposing sides in the fight for ratification and describe the major arguments for and against the Constitution Describe the inauguration of the new government of the United States of America Chapter 3 – The Constitution Outline the important elements of the Constitution List the six basic principles of the Constitution Identify the four different ways in which the Constitution may be formally changed Explain how the formal amendment process illustrates the principles of federalism and popular sovereignty Outline the 27 amendments that have been added to the Constitution Identify how basic legislation has changed the Constitution over time Describe the ways in which the Constitution has been altered by executive and judicial actions Analyze the role of party practices and customs in shaping the Constitution Chapter 4- Federalism Define federalism and explain why the Framers chose this system of government Identify which powers are delegated to and which are denied to the National Government Describe which powers are delegated to and which are denied the States Understand that the National Government holds both exclusive powers and concurrent powers with the States Explain the role of local governments in the federal system Examine how the Constitution functions as “the supreme law of the land” Summarize the nation’s obligations to the States Examine the process for admitting new States to the Union Explore the benefits of cooperative federalism Examine why States form interstate compacts Understand the purpose of the Full Faith and Credit Clause Define extradition and explain its purpose Discuss the purpose of the Privileges and Immunities Clause Terms Anti-Federalists Boycott Commerce and Slave Trade Comprise Connecticut Compromise English Bill of Rights Federalists Magna Carta Representative government Virginia Plan Petition of Right Charter colonies Articles of Confederation Proprietary colonies Block grant Concurrent powers Exclusive powers Revenue sharing Reserved powers Act of admission Extradition Grants-in-aid program Inherent powers Enabling act Privileges and Immunities Clause Main Ideas Broad purposes of the US Government as spelled out in the Preamble of the Constitution Enlightenment thinkers and their views about the purpose of the state The theory of modern democracies was developed to challenge what idea of government Federal government The Internet seems especially suited to satisfy which of the needs in a democracy In charter colonies most governmental matters were handled by Which colony was founded mainly as a place for personal and religious freedom? Which State’s constitution is the oldest still in force today? After the Revolutionary war the government under the Articles of Confederation Benjamin Franklin’s opinion about the final Constitution George Washington’s inauguration as the first president of the U.S. Major objective of both the Annapolis Convention and the Philadelphia Convention Legislative branch under the Articles of Confederation Second Continental Congress Popular Sovereignty The Bill of Rights Unwritten custom changes to the constitution Judicial review Limited government Formal amendments to the Constitution Constitutional change as a result of party practices The basic constitutional rights of people were first set out in Executive agreement Judiciary Act of 1789 Federalism Concurrent powers Local governments derive their power from was sources