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Persian Empire: 1. Who ruled Persia for 150 year? The Medes 2. What did Cyrus do? Cyrus revolted against the Medes He conquered the Medes and started the Persian Empire 3. What lands did he conquer? He conquered a lot of southwest Asia, several Greek cities and Mesopotamia. 4. What did Cyrus do to keep the people he conquered from revolting? He let the people keep their way of live, so they wouldn’t revolt. 5. What is he known as? He is known as Cyrus the Great, because he ruled over the largest empire the world had ever seen. 6. Why was Cyrus’ army strong? His army was well organized and very devoted to him. His army had a powerful Calvary. 7. What is a Calvary? A Calvary is made up of soldiers who ride horses. 8. What did Cyrus use his Calvary for? He used his Calvary to charge and shoot his enemies with arrows. 9. After Cyrus died, who took over? After Cyrus died, his son, Cambyses took over. 10. Which lands did he conquer? He conquered Egypt. 11. After Cambyses died, who took over? After Cambyses died, a prince named Darius claimed the throne. 12. What did Darius do to the Persian Empire? Darius divided the Persian Empire into 20 provinces. 13. What is a satrap? A satrap is a governor that ruled over each province. 14. What three things did Darius do? Darius built many roads connecting the empire. He built a new capital called Persepolis. He started a new religion called Zoroastrianism. 15. Why did Darius get mad at the Greeks? Several Greek cities revolted against Persian rule. Persians won the revolt, but Darius was angry with the Greeks for revolting. 16. What did the Battle of Marathon start? The Battle of Marathon started a series of wars between the Greeks and the Persians, called the Persian Wars. 17. Who was it between? The Battle of Marathon was between the Athenian Army and Persian Army. 18. Who won the Battle of Marathon? The Athenian Army won the Battle of Marathon. 19. Why? The Athenian Army won because they had better weapons and leaders. 20. Who is Darius’ son? Darius’ son was Xerxes. Xerxes tried to conquer Greece, again. 21. What happened in 480 BC? In 480 BC, the Persian Army and Navy set out for Greece. 22. Which two city-states fought against the Persians? Sparta joined Athens to fight the Persians. 23. How did the Persians get to the city-states? To get to the city-states, the Persians had to cross Thermopylde (narrow coastal passage), but were not successful. They were told an alternate route from a Greek traitor. 24. What did the Persians do to Athens? The Persians burned Athens. 25. Which battle ended the Persian Wars? The Battle of Plataea ended the Persian Wars. 26. Who won? The armies from all over Greece beat the Persians. The Greeks saved their homeland!