Evolution = descent with modification
... Evolution = descent with modification ! Macroevolution = large changes ! Microevolution = small changes Both rely on same mechanisms! Primarily natural selection Charles Darwin: On the Origin of Species (mid-1800’s) • Traveled extensively • Galapagos Islands – off the coast of Ecuador ...
... Evolution = descent with modification ! Macroevolution = large changes ! Microevolution = small changes Both rely on same mechanisms! Primarily natural selection Charles Darwin: On the Origin of Species (mid-1800’s) • Traveled extensively • Galapagos Islands – off the coast of Ecuador ...
Sample Review Material
... Survival and reproduction are necessary to affect future generation’s changes in allele frequencies. • Ecosystems possess unique carrying capacities that address limited resources, competition, and reproductive potential. Organisms that survive and reproduce will pass on traits to the next generatio ...
... Survival and reproduction are necessary to affect future generation’s changes in allele frequencies. • Ecosystems possess unique carrying capacities that address limited resources, competition, and reproductive potential. Organisms that survive and reproduce will pass on traits to the next generatio ...
Lecture 7, Evolution
... • Nature is good and natural processes are respected. • Harmonious sustainable relationship with nature is sought. • Animals and plants all their own daos and their own role in the Great Dao. • Consumerism and all types of material greed are devalued, thus harm to the environment should be minimized ...
... • Nature is good and natural processes are respected. • Harmonious sustainable relationship with nature is sought. • Animals and plants all their own daos and their own role in the Great Dao. • Consumerism and all types of material greed are devalued, thus harm to the environment should be minimized ...
Biological Evolution
... Darwin titled his book “On the Origin of Species…” because he saw this part of his idea as one of the most important contributions of his ideas. HOW SPECIES FORM. ...
... Darwin titled his book “On the Origin of Species…” because he saw this part of his idea as one of the most important contributions of his ideas. HOW SPECIES FORM. ...
Chapter 13 Evolution and Natural Selection
... • q2 stands for the frequency of homozygous recessive alleles ...
... • q2 stands for the frequency of homozygous recessive alleles ...
1 - WordPress.com
... Example 6: Homologous structures exist in animals, like skeletal structure and limbs that are similar animal to animal. Fossils of animals similar to everyday animals but with slight differences exist. He then came to the conclusion that all organisms must be in a struggle for survival, and the ones ...
... Example 6: Homologous structures exist in animals, like skeletal structure and limbs that are similar animal to animal. Fossils of animals similar to everyday animals but with slight differences exist. He then came to the conclusion that all organisms must be in a struggle for survival, and the ones ...
Descent with Modification – Lecture Notes
... Transformation Lab Overview: We all know about Charles Darwin and his controversial work On the Origin of Species, but many other scientists before postulated theories about how different species of animals and plants came into being. Darwin was also influenced by the works of others such as Jean-Ba ...
... Transformation Lab Overview: We all know about Charles Darwin and his controversial work On the Origin of Species, but many other scientists before postulated theories about how different species of animals and plants came into being. Darwin was also influenced by the works of others such as Jean-Ba ...
chapter 3
... a. Uniformitarianism states that past geological events can be best explained by observing the ongoing events of the present and generalizing backward through time. b. It further asserts that current geological structures are the result of long-term natural forces. 3. Transformism had posited the pr ...
... a. Uniformitarianism states that past geological events can be best explained by observing the ongoing events of the present and generalizing backward through time. b. It further asserts that current geological structures are the result of long-term natural forces. 3. Transformism had posited the pr ...
Natural Selection
... more specialized birds have less competition. During a dry season, individuals that are most different from each other have the highest fitness. Over time, species evolve in a way that increases the differences between them. The species-B birds on the first island may evolve into a new species, C. F ...
... more specialized birds have less competition. During a dry season, individuals that are most different from each other have the highest fitness. Over time, species evolve in a way that increases the differences between them. The species-B birds on the first island may evolve into a new species, C. F ...
Biological Evolution - Northwest ISD Moodle
... into smaller ones. • Geographic isolation occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population and over time they change and become two different species. ...
... into smaller ones. • Geographic isolation occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population and over time they change and become two different species. ...
Review ppt for Evolution
... into smaller ones. • Geographic isolation occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population and over time they change and become two different species. ...
... into smaller ones. • Geographic isolation occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population and over time they change and become two different species. ...
suited to the environment
... Sometimes there are differences which may make it easier for that individual to survive long enough to produce more offspring. For example, some may have different coloured fur or skin so that they are less easily seen. If these individuals mate with each other, they are likely to pass on the advant ...
... Sometimes there are differences which may make it easier for that individual to survive long enough to produce more offspring. For example, some may have different coloured fur or skin so that they are less easily seen. If these individuals mate with each other, they are likely to pass on the advant ...
A. Darwinian - cloudfront.net
... C. homologous D. fossils Because of its similarities to artificial selection, Darwin referred to the “survival of the fittest” as __________________________, A. use it or lose it B. natural selection C. homologous structures D. struggle for existence The idea that each living species has descended w ...
... C. homologous D. fossils Because of its similarities to artificial selection, Darwin referred to the “survival of the fittest” as __________________________, A. use it or lose it B. natural selection C. homologous structures D. struggle for existence The idea that each living species has descended w ...
Evolution
... period of time. • Evolution is the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. ...
... period of time. • Evolution is the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. ...
Presentation
... A large and diverse population of organisms that had some similar features of a mainland South American bird were unique and only found on those islands. ...
... A large and diverse population of organisms that had some similar features of a mainland South American bird were unique and only found on those islands. ...
ppt lecture
... shared evolutionary history to define species. Think of this as a distinct branch on an evolutionary tree. ...
... shared evolutionary history to define species. Think of this as a distinct branch on an evolutionary tree. ...
Charles Darwin and Natural Selection
... the “average” phenotype, selecting against the less common phenotypes at the extremes of the graph shown here. Let’s look at frog leg length as an example. Since frogs are amphibians, they have to be able to move efficiently both on land and in water. There are all sorts of frogs adapted to all sort ...
... the “average” phenotype, selecting against the less common phenotypes at the extremes of the graph shown here. Let’s look at frog leg length as an example. Since frogs are amphibians, they have to be able to move efficiently both on land and in water. There are all sorts of frogs adapted to all sort ...
ENVI 30 Environmental Issues
... Similarities & differences among species in Galapagos Islands vs. South America ...
... Similarities & differences among species in Galapagos Islands vs. South America ...
Natural Selection
... more specialized birds have less competition. During a dry season, individuals that are most different from each other have the highest fitness. Over time, species evolve in a way that increases the differences between them. The species-B birds on the first island may evolve into a new species, C. F ...
... more specialized birds have less competition. During a dry season, individuals that are most different from each other have the highest fitness. Over time, species evolve in a way that increases the differences between them. The species-B birds on the first island may evolve into a new species, C. F ...
Lesson 23 Natural Selection: A Mechanism for Change (3
... This is why it is very important to only use antibiotics when it is a known bacterial infection, and to finish the entire dose. You must kill the entire intended bacteria population or you run the risk of that antibiotic no longer working. Many pests are also becoming resistant to the pesticides and ...
... This is why it is very important to only use antibiotics when it is a known bacterial infection, and to finish the entire dose. You must kill the entire intended bacteria population or you run the risk of that antibiotic no longer working. Many pests are also becoming resistant to the pesticides and ...
Introduction to evolution
Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms' observable traits. Genetic changes include mutations, which are caused by damage or replication errors in an organism's DNA. As the genetic variation of a population drifts randomly over generations, natural selection gradually leads traits to become more or less common based on the relative reproductive success of organisms with those traits.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Evolution does not attempt to explain the origin of life (covered instead by abiogenesis), but it does explain how the extremely simple early lifeforms evolved into the complex ecosystem that we see today. Based on the similarities between all present-day organisms, all life on Earth originated through common descent from a last universal ancestor from which all known species have diverged through the process of evolution. All individuals have hereditary material in the form of genes that are received from their parents, then passed on to any offspring. Among offspring there are variations of genes due to the introduction of new genes via random changes called mutations or via reshuffling of existing genes during sexual reproduction. The offspring differs from the parent in minor random ways. If those differences are helpful, the offspring is more likely to survive and reproduce. This means that more offspring in the next generation will have that helpful difference and individuals will not have equal chances of reproductive success. In this way, traits that result in organisms being better adapted to their living conditions become more common in descendant populations. These differences accumulate resulting in changes within the population. This process is responsible for the many diverse life forms in the world.The forces of evolution are most evident when populations become isolated, either through geographic distance or by other mechanisms that prevent genetic exchange. Over time, isolated populations can branch off into new species.The majority of genetic mutations neither assist, change the appearance of, nor bring harm to individuals. Through the process of genetic drift, these mutated genes are neutrally sorted among populations and survive across generations by chance alone. In contrast to genetic drift, natural selection is not a random process because it acts on traits that are necessary for survival and reproduction. Natural selection and random genetic drift are constant and dynamic parts of life and over time this has shaped the branching structure in the tree of life.The modern understanding of evolution began with the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. In addition, Gregor Mendel's work with plants helped to explain the hereditary patterns of genetics. Fossil discoveries in paleontology, advances in population genetics and a global network of scientific research have provided further details into the mechanisms of evolution. Scientists now have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution is the principal scientific theory that biologists use to understand life and is used in many disciplines, including medicine, psychology, conservation biology, anthropology, forensics, agriculture and other social-cultural applications.