Fiscal Policy and Macroeconomic Stability in Nigeria
... reduce the unsustainable accumulation of public and private sector risks in the face of pro-cyclical access to international capital markets. To encourage economic growth, such interventions through the business cycle would lead to sound fiscal systems that provide the necessary resources for the pu ...
... reduce the unsustainable accumulation of public and private sector risks in the face of pro-cyclical access to international capital markets. To encourage economic growth, such interventions through the business cycle would lead to sound fiscal systems that provide the necessary resources for the pu ...
COM SEC(2010)0791(PAR2)
... Since the onset of the economic and financial crisis, increased deficits, low, and even negative, economic growth and support measures for the financial sector have led to sharply rising government debt ratios. According to the Commission Spring forecasts, the government debt-to-GDP ratio is set to ...
... Since the onset of the economic and financial crisis, increased deficits, low, and even negative, economic growth and support measures for the financial sector have led to sharply rising government debt ratios. According to the Commission Spring forecasts, the government debt-to-GDP ratio is set to ...
On the effectiveness of monetary policy and of fiscal policy
... permanent by agents, would imply an increase in the future tax burden and a permanent decrease in their expected income and wealth. Agents would decrease their current consumption and save more in anticipation of lower future income. Higher lump-sum taxes would decrease household and worker wealth. ...
... permanent by agents, would imply an increase in the future tax burden and a permanent decrease in their expected income and wealth. Agents would decrease their current consumption and save more in anticipation of lower future income. Higher lump-sum taxes would decrease household and worker wealth. ...
American Economic Policy in the 1980s: A Personal View
... of inflation and the fact that the fundamental cause of inflation is excess demand rather than the monopolistic power of unions and businesses. New ideas on antitrust and on regulation replaced older thinking about the proper relation between the government and private businesses.* I was privileged ...
... of inflation and the fact that the fundamental cause of inflation is excess demand rather than the monopolistic power of unions and businesses. New ideas on antitrust and on regulation replaced older thinking about the proper relation between the government and private businesses.* I was privileged ...
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... strategic aims of the EERP have been: “to help Europe to prepare to take advantage when growth returns; speed up the shift towards a low carbon economy; lessen the human cost of the economic downturn and its impact on the most vulnerable” (European Commission 2009, 16). To reach these aims, the EERP ...
... strategic aims of the EERP have been: “to help Europe to prepare to take advantage when growth returns; speed up the shift towards a low carbon economy; lessen the human cost of the economic downturn and its impact on the most vulnerable” (European Commission 2009, 16). To reach these aims, the EERP ...
Debt cycles, instability and fiscal rules: a Godley
... Brecht et al., 2012; Wolf, 2012). The important implication of this identity is that the balance of one sector cannot improve without a deterioration in the balance of at least one of the other two sectors. Therefore, if, for example, the government sector desires to decrease its deficit to a specif ...
... Brecht et al., 2012; Wolf, 2012). The important implication of this identity is that the balance of one sector cannot improve without a deterioration in the balance of at least one of the other two sectors. Therefore, if, for example, the government sector desires to decrease its deficit to a specif ...
Fiscal Monitor - Addressing Fiscal Challenges to Reduce Economic
... implement their deficit reduction plans in full and without delay. Countries with more fiscal space could choose a more back-loaded profile should the macroeconomic environment deteriorate substantially. Some of the adverse impact of fiscal adjustment on economic growth can be alleviated through reforms ...
... implement their deficit reduction plans in full and without delay. Countries with more fiscal space could choose a more back-loaded profile should the macroeconomic environment deteriorate substantially. Some of the adverse impact of fiscal adjustment on economic growth can be alleviated through reforms ...
Document
... a strong labour market recovery. Overall investment activity fell markedly in 2016 compared to 2015 as public investment returned to more normal levels after the end of the previous programming period for EU funds. Real GDP growth is expected to be around 3% in 2017 and to increase to 3.6% in 2018. ...
... a strong labour market recovery. Overall investment activity fell markedly in 2016 compared to 2015 as public investment returned to more normal levels after the end of the previous programming period for EU funds. Real GDP growth is expected to be around 3% in 2017 and to increase to 3.6% in 2018. ...
Spending DA Core Updates
... no tangible product. We have showered other countries with foreign aid money. We have spent huge sums on armed conflicts, more inflationary spending. In answer to the present long-lived recession we've printed money at astronomical rates and spread it around with no thought of any products produced ...
... no tangible product. We have showered other countries with foreign aid money. We have spent huge sums on armed conflicts, more inflationary spending. In answer to the present long-lived recession we've printed money at astronomical rates and spread it around with no thought of any products produced ...
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 26.2.2016 SWD(2016) 75 final
... remains below the euro area average despite the large public investment backlog. Some areas of corporate investment, notably in machinery and equipment investment, still have not caught up with pre-crisis levels, in spite of the supportive financing conditions and strong corporate profits. Going for ...
... remains below the euro area average despite the large public investment backlog. Some areas of corporate investment, notably in machinery and equipment investment, still have not caught up with pre-crisis levels, in spite of the supportive financing conditions and strong corporate profits. Going for ...
Affording Our Future - New Zealand Treasury
... In the 2013 Fiscal Strategy Report, published in May, the Government said it aims to run budget surpluses from 2014/15 so that net government debt eases down to no higher than 20% of GDP in 2020. This approach is consistent with the approach of all governments over the past two decades. By stating i ...
... In the 2013 Fiscal Strategy Report, published in May, the Government said it aims to run budget surpluses from 2014/15 so that net government debt eases down to no higher than 20% of GDP in 2020. This approach is consistent with the approach of all governments over the past two decades. By stating i ...
Past and Present High-Risk Investments by States and Localities
... high state and local expenditures per capita do not have worse funding ratios or fewer assets for a given dollar of liabilities—rather, states with larger total spending have both higher assets and higher liabilities per capita. The regression of funding ratio on spending per capita yields a coeffic ...
... high state and local expenditures per capita do not have worse funding ratios or fewer assets for a given dollar of liabilities—rather, states with larger total spending have both higher assets and higher liabilities per capita. The regression of funding ratio on spending per capita yields a coeffic ...
PORTUGAL - Observador
... The unemployment rate has retreated from its crisis peak, growth has resumed, and the current account is posting surpluses for the first time in decades. At the same time, a durable rebalancing of the economy has not taken place and the nontradable sector is still dominant. The strength of the econo ...
... The unemployment rate has retreated from its crisis peak, growth has resumed, and the current account is posting surpluses for the first time in decades. At the same time, a durable rebalancing of the economy has not taken place and the nontradable sector is still dominant. The strength of the econo ...
3 Generic-Culpepper-Economy - ddi09
... Links – Legal Services ..................................................................................................................................... 64 Links – Postal Service ..................................................................................................................... ...
... Links – Legal Services ..................................................................................................................................... 64 Links – Postal Service ..................................................................................................................... ...
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 26.2.2015 SWD(2015) 30 final
... a greater extent than peer economies in the region, the sizeable FDI inflows largely bypassed the tradable sector. The investment-led internal demand contributed to rapid import penetration. Though price and wages dynamics were contained in relative terms, subdued productivity dynamics resulted in i ...
... a greater extent than peer economies in the region, the sizeable FDI inflows largely bypassed the tradable sector. The investment-led internal demand contributed to rapid import penetration. Though price and wages dynamics were contained in relative terms, subdued productivity dynamics resulted in i ...
Practice Set 1
... A. Consumers have increased consumption as a fraction of disposable income. B. Businesses have become more optimistic about the return on investment spending. C. The federal government has a budget surplus rather than a budget deficit. D. There has been an increase in capital inflows from other nati ...
... A. Consumers have increased consumption as a fraction of disposable income. B. Businesses have become more optimistic about the return on investment spending. C. The federal government has a budget surplus rather than a budget deficit. D. There has been an increase in capital inflows from other nati ...
Surfing in Uncertain Times: An Outlook for the Upcoming
... Deposit interest rate offered by the commercial banks have seen some decline, as a result, interest rates on NSD certificates are significantly higher than bank deposits over last 2/3 years MoF must address the issue of high dependence on the NSD sales for financing the budget deficit which was like ...
... Deposit interest rate offered by the commercial banks have seen some decline, as a result, interest rates on NSD certificates are significantly higher than bank deposits over last 2/3 years MoF must address the issue of high dependence on the NSD sales for financing the budget deficit which was like ...
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 22.2.2017 SWD(2017) 78 final
... framework policies to become more energy and resource efficient. There are major challenges as regards waste and water management, while policy instruments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions seem insufficient. The energy sector reform has made little progress, as Cyprus remains heavily dependent on ...
... framework policies to become more energy and resource efficient. There are major challenges as regards waste and water management, while policy instruments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions seem insufficient. The energy sector reform has made little progress, as Cyprus remains heavily dependent on ...
353 KB - Budget.gov.au
... The economic conjunction in Japan has demanded a re-assessment of macroeconomic policies, strongly urged by other major industrial countries. With only marginal scope to further reduce interest rates, fiscal settings have been made more expansionary in a number of steps since October 1997. The most ...
... The economic conjunction in Japan has demanded a re-assessment of macroeconomic policies, strongly urged by other major industrial countries. With only marginal scope to further reduce interest rates, fiscal settings have been made more expansionary in a number of steps since October 1997. The most ...
Free Full text
... Context: The Indonesian economy continues to perform well, supported by robust growth and greater macroeconomic stability. A prudent mix of macroeconomic policies and structural reforms has helped the economy weather the commodity down-cycle and several episodes of emerging market (EM) financial tur ...
... Context: The Indonesian economy continues to perform well, supported by robust growth and greater macroeconomic stability. A prudent mix of macroeconomic policies and structural reforms has helped the economy weather the commodity down-cycle and several episodes of emerging market (EM) financial tur ...
Impacts of IMF Policies on National Education Budgets and Teachers
... These free market policy reforms of the Washington Consensus were introduced by the Reagan administration in the US and Margaret Thatcher’s government in the UK in the 1980s, and are actually based on the earlier free trade theories of Adam Smith and David Ricardo, associated with the nineteenth‐ ...
... These free market policy reforms of the Washington Consensus were introduced by the Reagan administration in the US and Margaret Thatcher’s government in the UK in the 1980s, and are actually based on the earlier free trade theories of Adam Smith and David Ricardo, associated with the nineteenth‐ ...
LCCARL216_en.pdf
... monetary and other policies, particularly those specifically devised to cope with the ongoing global economic crisis. The second chapter deals with two topics relevant for economic development in the region: economic growth and small and medium enterprises development from an analytical and empirica ...
... monetary and other policies, particularly those specifically devised to cope with the ongoing global economic crisis. The second chapter deals with two topics relevant for economic development in the region: economic growth and small and medium enterprises development from an analytical and empirica ...
Bolivia: Ex Post Assessment of Longer-Term Program
... reducing income-based poverty measures. This is followed by a summary account of Bolivia’s performance under IMF supported programs. The paper then turns to the main questions that are raised by Bolivia’s economic performance since the late 1980s. It is not difficult to see why growth slowed between ...
... reducing income-based poverty measures. This is followed by a summary account of Bolivia’s performance under IMF supported programs. The paper then turns to the main questions that are raised by Bolivia’s economic performance since the late 1980s. It is not difficult to see why growth slowed between ...
Macroeconomic Determinants of Sovereign Bond Yield Spreads in
... The creation of common goals for different countries, like in the Maastricht criteria or in the newly-established Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure, may not be the most efficient way to anticipate sovereign crisis in case that the relationship between macroeconomic fundamentals and spreads is not c ...
... The creation of common goals for different countries, like in the Maastricht criteria or in the newly-established Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure, may not be the most efficient way to anticipate sovereign crisis in case that the relationship between macroeconomic fundamentals and spreads is not c ...
Fiscal Austerity during Debt Crises
... Default allows the government to avoid paying the debt and have more resources for domestic consumption. In fact, defaulting on debt b is optimal only if under no default, the economy must experience capital outflows, −b + q(z, b0 )b0 < 0. In this model, however, default relaxes two constraints: the ...
... Default allows the government to avoid paying the debt and have more resources for domestic consumption. In fact, defaulting on debt b is optimal only if under no default, the economy must experience capital outflows, −b + q(z, b0 )b0 < 0. In this model, however, default relaxes two constraints: the ...