34. Volkswirtschaftliche Tagung 2006
... more controversial reforms easier. For example, there is powerful evidence that reforms in product markets are complementary to labor market reform. Extensive research by the IMF and OECD has shown that excessive product market regulation suppresses the beneficial effects of labor market liberalizat ...
... more controversial reforms easier. For example, there is powerful evidence that reforms in product markets are complementary to labor market reform. Extensive research by the IMF and OECD has shown that excessive product market regulation suppresses the beneficial effects of labor market liberalizat ...
DISCUSSION by David Vavra
... Unique data set on bank flows Banks were the main source of capital for catch-up growth in CESE Financial markets in CESE dominated by banks External positions of BIS reporting banks (ex rate edjusted, q-o-q, in % GDP) ...
... Unique data set on bank flows Banks were the main source of capital for catch-up growth in CESE Financial markets in CESE dominated by banks External positions of BIS reporting banks (ex rate edjusted, q-o-q, in % GDP) ...
REGIONAL CONSULTATION ON THE THIRD CONFERENCE OF FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT
... Not a homogeneous group, differing in: Ownership structure (fully vs. partially owned by government) Target sectors and clients (narrow vs. wide focus) Lending models (first-tier vs. second-tier) Credit conditions (subsidized vs. market interest rates) Regulation and supervision (special regime vs r ...
... Not a homogeneous group, differing in: Ownership structure (fully vs. partially owned by government) Target sectors and clients (narrow vs. wide focus) Lending models (first-tier vs. second-tier) Credit conditions (subsidized vs. market interest rates) Regulation and supervision (special regime vs r ...
Policy Brief - City, University of London
... A theoretical synthesis is emerging in development studies, taxation studies, business and political science that may be described as the new dependency theory. Old dependency theory hypothesised the world capitalist economy was structurally arranged to facilitate a massive transfer capital from dev ...
... A theoretical synthesis is emerging in development studies, taxation studies, business and political science that may be described as the new dependency theory. Old dependency theory hypothesised the world capitalist economy was structurally arranged to facilitate a massive transfer capital from dev ...
Some thoughts on unemployment
... PhD thesis while a student at the University of Amherst using the material in this book. The thesis became a book at the behest of a friend who told him “a real economist ought to publish a book.” However, this book is not for the layman. Only professional economists imbued with the theories of econ ...
... PhD thesis while a student at the University of Amherst using the material in this book. The thesis became a book at the behest of a friend who told him “a real economist ought to publish a book.” However, this book is not for the layman. Only professional economists imbued with the theories of econ ...
Chapter 1
... (4) well-developed information systems, particularly for financial reporting. These characteristics are found in (indeed make for) a well-developed financial ...
... (4) well-developed information systems, particularly for financial reporting. These characteristics are found in (indeed make for) a well-developed financial ...
Chapter 13. Uses of Balance of Payments
... 13.2 The manual will discuss analytical and policy areas where BOP and IIP statistics have the most relevance and use. It will explain data uses for which BOP and IIP statistics are specifically designed and those areas where users might make use of these data (such as when no better alternative dat ...
... 13.2 The manual will discuss analytical and policy areas where BOP and IIP statistics have the most relevance and use. It will explain data uses for which BOP and IIP statistics are specifically designed and those areas where users might make use of these data (such as when no better alternative dat ...
Wincott Lecture 11.13.2013
... that UK productivity levels are behind those of the US: output per hour at purchasing power parity was 20 per cent behind US levels in 2012. In addition, it is hard not to believe that a big part – if not most– of the reasons for the slowdown are related to demand, rather than supply: short-term con ...
... that UK productivity levels are behind those of the US: output per hour at purchasing power parity was 20 per cent behind US levels in 2012. In addition, it is hard not to believe that a big part – if not most– of the reasons for the slowdown are related to demand, rather than supply: short-term con ...
Krzysztof Rybinski: Globalisation - Bank for International Settlements
... Of course, it is difficult to point out a single factor that leads to all those changes. Yet, there is no doubt that one of the most important factors changing the structure of the global economy is the rapid globalisation of financial markets, trade, manufacturing and - in recent years - of service ...
... Of course, it is difficult to point out a single factor that leads to all those changes. Yet, there is no doubt that one of the most important factors changing the structure of the global economy is the rapid globalisation of financial markets, trade, manufacturing and - in recent years - of service ...
The Impact of Globalisation on the Australian Economy
... New institutional players – The World Trade Organisation (WTO) has growing authority over national governments, as does the IMF with its restrictions and controls it can impose on nations requiring assistance. Multinational corporations have more economic power than many nations. Hedge funds and fin ...
... New institutional players – The World Trade Organisation (WTO) has growing authority over national governments, as does the IMF with its restrictions and controls it can impose on nations requiring assistance. Multinational corporations have more economic power than many nations. Hedge funds and fin ...
Azzerare I rischi, l`illusione di una formula magica
... former Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, who for years has been in favor of the new possibilities opened by the financial engineering, speaks now, as he did it in an article for The Financial Times, of “models...still too simple to capture the full array...” Phelps, 74, take ...
... former Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, who for years has been in favor of the new possibilities opened by the financial engineering, speaks now, as he did it in an article for The Financial Times, of “models...still too simple to capture the full array...” Phelps, 74, take ...
... 1. General trends The Guyanese economy expanded by 3.9% in 2014, down from growth of 5.2% in 2013. Fiscal policy remained expansionary, widening the government deficit, which is expected to increase further in 2015. Government expenditure grew, owing in part to wage increases for government workers. ...
Steps To Be Taken To Activate African Government Bond Markets
... • Avoid inflationary government borrowing from the Central Bank • Develop domestic capital market thereby creating a better financial environment for ...
... • Avoid inflationary government borrowing from the Central Bank • Develop domestic capital market thereby creating a better financial environment for ...
File
... Fiscal Policy Fiscal Policy use two tools to influence economic activity. Tax Cuts: Cutting or raising business and consumer taxes influence business investment in capital and it also influences disposable income. Government Spending: Government can either raise or lower government spending on purc ...
... Fiscal Policy Fiscal Policy use two tools to influence economic activity. Tax Cuts: Cutting or raising business and consumer taxes influence business investment in capital and it also influences disposable income. Government Spending: Government can either raise or lower government spending on purc ...
GLOBAL ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRISIS: CAUSES AND
... of activities and less disclosure of information about new activities undertaken by banks and other evolving financial institutions. Thus, policymakers did not immediately recognize the increasingly important role played by financial institutions such as investment banks and hedge funds, also known ...
... of activities and less disclosure of information about new activities undertaken by banks and other evolving financial institutions. Thus, policymakers did not immediately recognize the increasingly important role played by financial institutions such as investment banks and hedge funds, also known ...
West Orange High School
... individuals and institutions to make choices about how to use resources, how businesses interact with society, and gain an understanding of the characteristics of different economic systems and institutions. Financial literacy shall be a part of instruction and discussion throughout the course. The ...
... individuals and institutions to make choices about how to use resources, how businesses interact with society, and gain an understanding of the characteristics of different economic systems and institutions. Financial literacy shall be a part of instruction and discussion throughout the course. The ...
The essentials of T
... – To reinforce your understanding of the vertical components of the money supply process. – To distinguish this from the horizontal components of the money supply process. – To relate this distinction to the fundamental relations in macroeconomics between the Government and Non-government sectors. – ...
... – To reinforce your understanding of the vertical components of the money supply process. – To distinguish this from the horizontal components of the money supply process. – To relate this distinction to the fundamental relations in macroeconomics between the Government and Non-government sectors. – ...
16.02.09 Monetary Policy Report 2008-2009
... With the direct impact of the international crisis now affecting the Greek economy, there is no longer any room for complacency. During the good times, Greece did not put in place policies that would have mitigated the effects of the crisis. Greece must adopt a multiyear strategy to implement refor ...
... With the direct impact of the international crisis now affecting the Greek economy, there is no longer any room for complacency. During the good times, Greece did not put in place policies that would have mitigated the effects of the crisis. Greece must adopt a multiyear strategy to implement refor ...
Midterm Exam #2 Econ 219 Fall 2005 This is a closed book exam
... the Mundell-Fleming model to illustrate graphically the impact of an increase in the world interest rate on the exchange rate and level of output in a small open economy with a floating-exchange-rate system. Be sure to label: i. the axes; ii. the curves; iii. the initial equilibrium levels; iv. the ...
... the Mundell-Fleming model to illustrate graphically the impact of an increase in the world interest rate on the exchange rate and level of output in a small open economy with a floating-exchange-rate system. Be sure to label: i. the axes; ii. the curves; iii. the initial equilibrium levels; iv. the ...
PERC-ITUC Trade Union Forum Minsk 26
... effects of an economic integration without social and political integration in the EU ● This is also a bad message to EU accession countries and countries with a future prospect of EU membership ● Weak social welfare systems in the CEE region are being further dismantled. Perversely the failed neo-l ...
... effects of an economic integration without social and political integration in the EU ● This is also a bad message to EU accession countries and countries with a future prospect of EU membership ● Weak social welfare systems in the CEE region are being further dismantled. Perversely the failed neo-l ...
Summary (PDF, 47 KB)
... As a result the economic dynamics in the industrialised countries are expected to be weak in this and in the coming year. With a restrained economic expansion, the situation on the labour market will improve only gradually. In the United States economic activity will trend upwards in the forecast p ...
... As a result the economic dynamics in the industrialised countries are expected to be weak in this and in the coming year. With a restrained economic expansion, the situation on the labour market will improve only gradually. In the United States economic activity will trend upwards in the forecast p ...
Global financial system
The global financial system is the worldwide framework of legal agreements, institutions, and both formal and informal economic actors that together facilitate international flows of financial capital for purposes of investment and trade financing. Since emerging in the late 19th century during the first modern wave of economic globalization, its evolution is marked by the establishment of central banks, multilateral treaties, and intergovernmental organizations aimed at improving the transparency, regulation, and effectiveness of international markets. In the late 1800s, world migration and communication technology facilitated unprecedented growth in international trade and investment. At the onset of World War I, trade contracted as foreign exchange markets became paralyzed by money market illiquidity. Countries sought to defend against external shocks with protectionist policies and trade virtually halted by 1933, worsening the effects of the global Great Depression until a series of reciprocal trade agreements slowly reduced tariffs worldwide. Efforts to revamp the international monetary system after World War II improved exchange rate stability, fostering record growth in global finance.A series of currency devaluations and oil crises in the 1970s led most countries to float their currencies. The world economy became increasingly financially integrated in the 1980s and 1990s due to capital account liberalization and financial deregulation. A series of financial crises in Europe, Asia, and Latin America followed with contagious effects due to greater exposure to volatile capital flows. The global financial crisis, which originated in the United States in 2007, quickly propagated among other nations and is recognized as the catalyst for the worldwide Great Recession. A market adjustment to Greece's noncompliance with its monetary union in 2009 ignited a sovereign debt crisis among European nations known as the Eurozone crisis.A country's decision to operate an open economy and globalize its financial capital carries monetary implications captured by the balance of payments. It also renders exposure to risks in international finance, such as political deterioration, regulatory changes, foreign exchange controls, and legal uncertainties for property rights and investments. Both individuals and groups may participate in the global financial system. Consumers and international businesses undertake consumption, production, and investment. Governments and intergovernmental bodies act as purveyors of international trade, economic development, and crisis management. Regulatory bodies establish financial regulations and legal procedures, while independent bodies facilitate industry supervision. Research institutes and other associations analyze data, publish reports and policy briefs, and host public discourse on global financial affairs.While the global financial system is edging toward greater stability, governments must deal with differing regional or national needs. Some nations are trying to orderly discontinue unconventional monetary policies installed to cultivate recovery, while others are expanding their scope and scale. Emerging market policymakers face a challenge of precision as they must carefully institute sustainable macroeconomic policies during extraordinary market sensitivity without provoking investors to retreat their capital to stronger markets. Nations' inability to align interests and achieve international consensus on matters such as banking regulation has perpetuated the risk of future global financial catastrophes.