ANALYTICAL SUMMARY Javier MARTÍNEZ PEINADO “The
... Revista de Economía Mundial 29, 2011, pp. 263-284 In recent decades the scientific community has examined and described the worrying evolution of issues related to sustainability, and the limited time available to avoid their most serious consequences. There is little doubt about the contradictions ...
... Revista de Economía Mundial 29, 2011, pp. 263-284 In recent decades the scientific community has examined and described the worrying evolution of issues related to sustainability, and the limited time available to avoid their most serious consequences. There is little doubt about the contradictions ...
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... the foreign exchange markets and the change in value of national currencies as financial resources shift around the world's economy at the beck of phone calls, telexes and cables. In this kind of a world, of course, national or domestic commodity programmes that attempt to fix prices at rigid levels ...
... the foreign exchange markets and the change in value of national currencies as financial resources shift around the world's economy at the beck of phone calls, telexes and cables. In this kind of a world, of course, national or domestic commodity programmes that attempt to fix prices at rigid levels ...
The Rise of Africa`s “Frontier” Markets
... that growth, and financial markets are opening up (see box). The global environment has played a key role. The search for yield, triggered by significant global financial market liquidity, has encouraged investors to expand their horizons. But the new generation faces a more complex, more integrated ...
... that growth, and financial markets are opening up (see box). The global environment has played a key role. The search for yield, triggered by significant global financial market liquidity, has encouraged investors to expand their horizons. But the new generation faces a more complex, more integrated ...
No: 2012 – 56 Release date: 27 November 2012
... aggregate demand conditions are still expected to support disinflation. 12. The Committee assessed that cost factors have been contributing to the disinflation as well. With the recent stable course of exchange rates and commodity prices, the accumulated pass-through effects of cost-push factors obs ...
... aggregate demand conditions are still expected to support disinflation. 12. The Committee assessed that cost factors have been contributing to the disinflation as well. With the recent stable course of exchange rates and commodity prices, the accumulated pass-through effects of cost-push factors obs ...
The strong-dollar denouement: Effects on the
... Major/developed central banks ease while the U.S. tightens monetary policy. The dollar rises and other currencies fall, including emerging markets currencies. Commodities fall on weak global demand, a strong dollar, and a weak Chinese economy. This puts further pressure on global inflation as commod ...
... Major/developed central banks ease while the U.S. tightens monetary policy. The dollar rises and other currencies fall, including emerging markets currencies. Commodities fall on weak global demand, a strong dollar, and a weak Chinese economy. This puts further pressure on global inflation as commod ...
Some preliminary proposals for re-regulating financial systems
... The current financial structure is the result of a process that started some decades ago when the management of international imbalances was increasingly left into the hands of private finance. This required both a more generalised opening of the capital account of the balance of payments and a mix ...
... The current financial structure is the result of a process that started some decades ago when the management of international imbalances was increasingly left into the hands of private finance. This required both a more generalised opening of the capital account of the balance of payments and a mix ...
11.C Economic and Political Factors Underlying Country Risk
... Country risk analysis – the assessment of the potential risks and rewards associated with making investments and doing business in a country. – Because economic policies are often a function of political considerations, country risk analysis focuses on both economic and political considerations. ...
... Country risk analysis – the assessment of the potential risks and rewards associated with making investments and doing business in a country. – Because economic policies are often a function of political considerations, country risk analysis focuses on both economic and political considerations. ...
Choosing the Road to Prosperity - Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
... ticular, a new roadmap must find ways around the potential hazards posed by the financial institutions that the government not all that long ago deemed “too big to fail”—or TBTF, for short. ...
... ticular, a new roadmap must find ways around the potential hazards posed by the financial institutions that the government not all that long ago deemed “too big to fail”—or TBTF, for short. ...
ch21-OCA-EMU
... economically interconnected the countries are: – If they trade a lot in goods and services – If they borrow from and lend to each other on a large scale – If there is a great deal of migration among them – If they have a unified government budget ...
... economically interconnected the countries are: – If they trade a lot in goods and services – If they borrow from and lend to each other on a large scale – If there is a great deal of migration among them – If they have a unified government budget ...
Turning China`s Money Reserves into Capital
... Ed Dolan (2013), among others, has made the correct observation that, while helpful to some interests in China, the accumulation of reserves and an undervalued currency harm other interests, in particular industries that rely on imported inputs, both high-tech components and raw materials, and middl ...
... Ed Dolan (2013), among others, has made the correct observation that, while helpful to some interests in China, the accumulation of reserves and an undervalued currency harm other interests, in particular industries that rely on imported inputs, both high-tech components and raw materials, and middl ...
Financial Sector Development in African States facing Fragile
... highways. They would also help to build individual and household resilience, and to improve livelihoods, by providing the required financial services that allow the poor and vulnerable groups to reduce their vulnerability to shocks, to better manage their resources, and to seize economic opportuniti ...
... highways. They would also help to build individual and household resilience, and to improve livelihoods, by providing the required financial services that allow the poor and vulnerable groups to reduce their vulnerability to shocks, to better manage their resources, and to seize economic opportuniti ...
the neoliberal (counter)revolution
... The structural crisis of the 1970s was also a period of alleged or real decline of the domination of the United States (in the wake of the defeat in Vietnam). Japan and Germany were seen as rising stars. The risk of the assertion of a global order, organized around three centers (the triad, United S ...
... The structural crisis of the 1970s was also a period of alleged or real decline of the domination of the United States (in the wake of the defeat in Vietnam). Japan and Germany were seen as rising stars. The risk of the assertion of a global order, organized around three centers (the triad, United S ...
The European Sovereign Debt Crisis
... • In one group, both Italy and Greece had debt/GDP ratios above 90 percent since the early 1990s; these countries never achieved the 60 percent debt/GDP limit specified in the European fiscal rules. • Ireland, Portugal, and Spain each achieved signifi cant declines in debt ratios in the second half ...
... • In one group, both Italy and Greece had debt/GDP ratios above 90 percent since the early 1990s; these countries never achieved the 60 percent debt/GDP limit specified in the European fiscal rules. • Ireland, Portugal, and Spain each achieved signifi cant declines in debt ratios in the second half ...
245 EFFECTS OF THE ROMANIAN ECONOMIC CRISIS UPON THE
... The high price raising of loans during 2004-2007, mainly towards the population, from want of boosting domestic production emphasized the economy’s extreme vulnerability, by augmenting the external debt. The main reasons of this phenomenon are: - the positive expectations of the loan institutions re ...
... The high price raising of loans during 2004-2007, mainly towards the population, from want of boosting domestic production emphasized the economy’s extreme vulnerability, by augmenting the external debt. The main reasons of this phenomenon are: - the positive expectations of the loan institutions re ...
Balance of Payments
... foreign goods, which depends largely on the total purchasing power of the residents of the importing country,(2) the relative prices of imports and their domestic substitutes,(3) people’s preference for foreign goods (4) price-elasticity of demand for imports and (5) income-elasticity of imports. Si ...
... foreign goods, which depends largely on the total purchasing power of the residents of the importing country,(2) the relative prices of imports and their domestic substitutes,(3) people’s preference for foreign goods (4) price-elasticity of demand for imports and (5) income-elasticity of imports. Si ...
The Malaysian Experience - Astana Economic Forum 2013
... • Developmental role or development assistance is often non-recoverable but complements development banking, thus, both functions become mutually reinforcing • The functions are bundled together since the skills required for assessing potential investments are similar to those required to address ca ...
... • Developmental role or development assistance is often non-recoverable but complements development banking, thus, both functions become mutually reinforcing • The functions are bundled together since the skills required for assessing potential investments are similar to those required to address ca ...
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... ESM up to 80 percent, only under the condition that they accept a haircut, sized on the basis of the discounts already priced in by investors during the previous three months, but of at least 20 percent and at most 50 percent. This provision is aimed at preventing turbulence in financial markets. Si ...
... ESM up to 80 percent, only under the condition that they accept a haircut, sized on the basis of the discounts already priced in by investors during the previous three months, but of at least 20 percent and at most 50 percent. This provision is aimed at preventing turbulence in financial markets. Si ...
1 Public Sector and it`s Functions The framework
... their agencies - entities established through political processes that exercise legislative, judicial, and executive authority within a territorial area. • The principal economic functions of a government are: • to assume responsibility for the provision of goods and services to the community on a n ...
... their agencies - entities established through political processes that exercise legislative, judicial, and executive authority within a territorial area. • The principal economic functions of a government are: • to assume responsibility for the provision of goods and services to the community on a n ...
Rethinking Macro: Reassessing Micro-Foundations
... It has been about five years since the economy buckled under the force of the global financial crisis. It happened much as Hemingway (1926) described how a person goes bankrupt. “Two ways,” Hemingway wrote, “Gradually, then suddenly.” Well, the pattern of recovery has not followed the pattern of the ...
... It has been about five years since the economy buckled under the force of the global financial crisis. It happened much as Hemingway (1926) described how a person goes bankrupt. “Two ways,” Hemingway wrote, “Gradually, then suddenly.” Well, the pattern of recovery has not followed the pattern of the ...
Global financial system
The global financial system is the worldwide framework of legal agreements, institutions, and both formal and informal economic actors that together facilitate international flows of financial capital for purposes of investment and trade financing. Since emerging in the late 19th century during the first modern wave of economic globalization, its evolution is marked by the establishment of central banks, multilateral treaties, and intergovernmental organizations aimed at improving the transparency, regulation, and effectiveness of international markets. In the late 1800s, world migration and communication technology facilitated unprecedented growth in international trade and investment. At the onset of World War I, trade contracted as foreign exchange markets became paralyzed by money market illiquidity. Countries sought to defend against external shocks with protectionist policies and trade virtually halted by 1933, worsening the effects of the global Great Depression until a series of reciprocal trade agreements slowly reduced tariffs worldwide. Efforts to revamp the international monetary system after World War II improved exchange rate stability, fostering record growth in global finance.A series of currency devaluations and oil crises in the 1970s led most countries to float their currencies. The world economy became increasingly financially integrated in the 1980s and 1990s due to capital account liberalization and financial deregulation. A series of financial crises in Europe, Asia, and Latin America followed with contagious effects due to greater exposure to volatile capital flows. The global financial crisis, which originated in the United States in 2007, quickly propagated among other nations and is recognized as the catalyst for the worldwide Great Recession. A market adjustment to Greece's noncompliance with its monetary union in 2009 ignited a sovereign debt crisis among European nations known as the Eurozone crisis.A country's decision to operate an open economy and globalize its financial capital carries monetary implications captured by the balance of payments. It also renders exposure to risks in international finance, such as political deterioration, regulatory changes, foreign exchange controls, and legal uncertainties for property rights and investments. Both individuals and groups may participate in the global financial system. Consumers and international businesses undertake consumption, production, and investment. Governments and intergovernmental bodies act as purveyors of international trade, economic development, and crisis management. Regulatory bodies establish financial regulations and legal procedures, while independent bodies facilitate industry supervision. Research institutes and other associations analyze data, publish reports and policy briefs, and host public discourse on global financial affairs.While the global financial system is edging toward greater stability, governments must deal with differing regional or national needs. Some nations are trying to orderly discontinue unconventional monetary policies installed to cultivate recovery, while others are expanding their scope and scale. Emerging market policymakers face a challenge of precision as they must carefully institute sustainable macroeconomic policies during extraordinary market sensitivity without provoking investors to retreat their capital to stronger markets. Nations' inability to align interests and achieve international consensus on matters such as banking regulation has perpetuated the risk of future global financial catastrophes.