Impact of Trade Reforms on the Trade Balance, Balance of
... This paper examines the impact of trade liberalisation on the trade balance and balance of payments in Mexico. Two events are identified as being important in this regard. The first one is when trade liberalisation started in a serious way in 1985 and Mexico became a member of GATT in 1986. The seco ...
... This paper examines the impact of trade liberalisation on the trade balance and balance of payments in Mexico. Two events are identified as being important in this regard. The first one is when trade liberalisation started in a serious way in 1985 and Mexico became a member of GATT in 1986. The seco ...
Templeton Global Balanced Fund Annual Report
... introduced negative interest rates on excess reserves held by financial institutions with the central bank to boost lending and help achieve its inflation target. In July 2016, Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced a higher-than-expected fiscal stimulus to revive the economy, followed by an ad ...
... introduced negative interest rates on excess reserves held by financial institutions with the central bank to boost lending and help achieve its inflation target. In July 2016, Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced a higher-than-expected fiscal stimulus to revive the economy, followed by an ad ...
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... mediation fees differ in the two markets. This variation gives rise to trade in banking services as entrepreneurs seek to minimize the costs of external capital. The model incorporates three additional elements. First, an entrepreneur who is served by a foreign bank has to pay an additional cost τ ...
... mediation fees differ in the two markets. This variation gives rise to trade in banking services as entrepreneurs seek to minimize the costs of external capital. The model incorporates three additional elements. First, an entrepreneur who is served by a foreign bank has to pay an additional cost τ ...
Strategic financial innovation in segmented markets
... Allen and Santomero (1997). They also point to the absence of a theoretical framework to address this feature of financial markets. The present paper takes a first step in filling this gap. We study a two-period model with asset trading at date zero and uncertainty resolved at date one. There are se ...
... Allen and Santomero (1997). They also point to the absence of a theoretical framework to address this feature of financial markets. The present paper takes a first step in filling this gap. We study a two-period model with asset trading at date zero and uncertainty resolved at date one. There are se ...
Is the Twin Deficits Hypothesis Relevant to Fiji?
... inflows specifically earmarked for budgetary support. The donors decided to link their assistance to implementation of structural reforms in PICs. With stagnant revenues and weak tax collection machinery, the fiscal position in PICs deteriorated further. Budget deficits are now an annual phenomenon ...
... inflows specifically earmarked for budgetary support. The donors decided to link their assistance to implementation of structural reforms in PICs. With stagnant revenues and weak tax collection machinery, the fiscal position in PICs deteriorated further. Budget deficits are now an annual phenomenon ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WAGES, RELATIVE PRICES AND CHOICE BETWEEN
... faced by nonetary and aggregate demand disturbances originating at haie and abroad. Aggregate behavior in this node], varies depending upon whether wages aresupply set in one-period labor contracts or are indexed to current changes in the ...
... faced by nonetary and aggregate demand disturbances originating at haie and abroad. Aggregate behavior in this node], varies depending upon whether wages aresupply set in one-period labor contracts or are indexed to current changes in the ...
Asia Pacific Regional Economic Outlook, May 9, 2017
... continue to support growth while boosting resilience, external rebalancing, and inclusiveness. The region needs structural reforms to address its demographic challenges and to boost productivity. The recent growth momentum in the largest economies in the region remains particularly strong, reflectin ...
... continue to support growth while boosting resilience, external rebalancing, and inclusiveness. The region needs structural reforms to address its demographic challenges and to boost productivity. The recent growth momentum in the largest economies in the region remains particularly strong, reflectin ...
Asia and Pacific Preparing for Choppy Seas
... continue to support growth while boosting resilience, external rebalancing, and inclusiveness. The region needs structural reforms to address its demographic challenges and to boost productivity. The recent growth momentum in the largest economies in the region remains particularly strong, reflectin ...
... continue to support growth while boosting resilience, external rebalancing, and inclusiveness. The region needs structural reforms to address its demographic challenges and to boost productivity. The recent growth momentum in the largest economies in the region remains particularly strong, reflectin ...
Group annual financial statements
... Value-added tax (VAT) and other taxes, levies and duties paid to government, excluding direct taxation. JIBAR Johannesburg Interbank Agreed Rate, which is the rate that South African banks charge each other for wholesale money. National Credit Act The National Credit Act (Act number 34 of 2005) (NCA ...
... Value-added tax (VAT) and other taxes, levies and duties paid to government, excluding direct taxation. JIBAR Johannesburg Interbank Agreed Rate, which is the rate that South African banks charge each other for wholesale money. National Credit Act The National Credit Act (Act number 34 of 2005) (NCA ...
Ms. Muffet, the Spider(gram)
... The global financial crisis (GFC) has underscored the importance of understanding macrofinancial developments in an increasingly complex and interconnected world. In the course of the crisis, countries have experienced the spillover of risks from one segment of the economy to others, sometimes exace ...
... The global financial crisis (GFC) has underscored the importance of understanding macrofinancial developments in an increasingly complex and interconnected world. In the course of the crisis, countries have experienced the spillover of risks from one segment of the economy to others, sometimes exace ...
Chap11_12q_for print..
... C) expansionary shift in the LM curve. D) contractionary shift in the LM curve. 7. An increase in the money supply shifts the ______ curve to the right, and the aggregate demand curve ______ ______. A) IS; shifts to the right B) IS; does not shift C) LM: shifts to the right D) LM; does not ...
... C) expansionary shift in the LM curve. D) contractionary shift in the LM curve. 7. An increase in the money supply shifts the ______ curve to the right, and the aggregate demand curve ______ ______. A) IS; shifts to the right B) IS; does not shift C) LM: shifts to the right D) LM; does not ...
Monetary Policy - Central Bank of Nigeria
... Adam Smith in the Wealth of Nations, although money and wealth are used in everyday language as synonymous, in Economics, wealth is created in an economy through the production and exchange of goods and services. Here, money performs two roles. It facilitates the exchange of goods and services and e ...
... Adam Smith in the Wealth of Nations, although money and wealth are used in everyday language as synonymous, in Economics, wealth is created in an economy through the production and exchange of goods and services. Here, money performs two roles. It facilitates the exchange of goods and services and e ...
The development of the risky financial behavior scale: A measure of
... differently in making financial investment decisions (Xiao, 2008). As a popularly used term for studying financial decisions, financial risk tolerance has been studied from both a traditional normative method and a psychological method. More on the relationship of risk tolerance with these two meth ...
... differently in making financial investment decisions (Xiao, 2008). As a popularly used term for studying financial decisions, financial risk tolerance has been studied from both a traditional normative method and a psychological method. More on the relationship of risk tolerance with these two meth ...
The Cost of the Crisis
... the law without fear or favor to the wealthy, powerful, and well-connected on Wall Street. It was not always like this in America. For most of the mid- and late-20th century, banks did what they were supposed to do: they enabled people to save money for homes, retirements, and their children’s educa ...
... the law without fear or favor to the wealthy, powerful, and well-connected on Wall Street. It was not always like this in America. For most of the mid- and late-20th century, banks did what they were supposed to do: they enabled people to save money for homes, retirements, and their children’s educa ...
NBG PANGAEA R.E.I.C.
... completed. In particular, the Board of Directors of MIG Real Estate REIC and NBG Pangaea REIC, in their meetings held on January 30, 2015, decided to propose to the General Assembly Meetings of their shareholders the merger by absorption (hereinafter "Merger") of NBG Pangaea REIC by its 96.944% subs ...
... completed. In particular, the Board of Directors of MIG Real Estate REIC and NBG Pangaea REIC, in their meetings held on January 30, 2015, decided to propose to the General Assembly Meetings of their shareholders the merger by absorption (hereinafter "Merger") of NBG Pangaea REIC by its 96.944% subs ...
Towards a framework for calibrating macroprudential leverage limits
... to impose macroprudential leverage limits on alternative investment funds. The AIFMD allows competent authorities to impose limits on the level of leverage that asset managers employ in their AIFs in order to “limit the extent to which the use of leverage contributes to the build-up of systemic risk ...
... to impose macroprudential leverage limits on alternative investment funds. The AIFMD allows competent authorities to impose limits on the level of leverage that asset managers employ in their AIFs in order to “limit the extent to which the use of leverage contributes to the build-up of systemic risk ...
Biographical Information Curriculum Vitae of Willem H. Buiter General
... 6. Financial Markets and European Monetary Cooperation; The Lessons of the 92-93 ERM Crisis, with Giancarlo Corsetti and Paolo Pesenti, Cambridge University Press, 1998. 5. International Macroeconomics, Oxford University Press, 1990. 4. Principles of Budgetary and Financial Policy, Harvester Wheatsh ...
... 6. Financial Markets and European Monetary Cooperation; The Lessons of the 92-93 ERM Crisis, with Giancarlo Corsetti and Paolo Pesenti, Cambridge University Press, 1998. 5. International Macroeconomics, Oxford University Press, 1990. 4. Principles of Budgetary and Financial Policy, Harvester Wheatsh ...
Global Economic Prospects
... Rapidly diminishing foreign reserves and fiscal buffers have already forced many commodity exporting EMDEs to tighten policy. In commodity importing EMDEs, event though low commodity prices have reduced fiscal and external vulnerabilities as well as inflation, the scope for expansionary fiscal polic ...
... Rapidly diminishing foreign reserves and fiscal buffers have already forced many commodity exporting EMDEs to tighten policy. In commodity importing EMDEs, event though low commodity prices have reduced fiscal and external vulnerabilities as well as inflation, the scope for expansionary fiscal polic ...
Management & Engineering Channel
... 2 The Necessity and Feasibility of SMEs Folk Financing 2.1 The main financing obstacles SMEs facing to 2.1.1 SMEs mainly rely on indirect financing Because of the strict requirements of financing in securities market, it is difficult for most SMEs to finance through capital market. SMEs rely on the ...
... 2 The Necessity and Feasibility of SMEs Folk Financing 2.1 The main financing obstacles SMEs facing to 2.1.1 SMEs mainly rely on indirect financing Because of the strict requirements of financing in securities market, it is difficult for most SMEs to finance through capital market. SMEs rely on the ...
Demand for and Adequacy of International Reserves
... (Noyer, 2007). Dooley, Garber, and Folkerts-Landau (2003) argue that Asian emerging economies are pursuing export-led growth strategies by deliberately maintaining undervalued exchange rates, while providing the funding for the US current account deficit, as the US is a key consumer of these exports ...
... (Noyer, 2007). Dooley, Garber, and Folkerts-Landau (2003) argue that Asian emerging economies are pursuing export-led growth strategies by deliberately maintaining undervalued exchange rates, while providing the funding for the US current account deficit, as the US is a key consumer of these exports ...
2016 Global Economic Outlook, October
... associated with the decision by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to leave the European Union, or "Brexit"; rising trade protectionism as well as a broader tendency to shift away from closer international integration, in terms of trade, capital flows and migration; and the out ...
... associated with the decision by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to leave the European Union, or "Brexit"; rising trade protectionism as well as a broader tendency to shift away from closer international integration, in terms of trade, capital flows and migration; and the out ...
2016 World Economic Situation
... Prospects for global macroeconomic development The world economy stumbled in 2015 The world gross product is projected to grow by a mere 2.4 per cent in 2015, a significant downward revision from the 2.8 per cent forecast in the World Economic Situation and Prospects as of mid-2015. More than seven ...
... Prospects for global macroeconomic development The world economy stumbled in 2015 The world gross product is projected to grow by a mere 2.4 per cent in 2015, a significant downward revision from the 2.8 per cent forecast in the World Economic Situation and Prospects as of mid-2015. More than seven ...
Global financial system
The global financial system is the worldwide framework of legal agreements, institutions, and both formal and informal economic actors that together facilitate international flows of financial capital for purposes of investment and trade financing. Since emerging in the late 19th century during the first modern wave of economic globalization, its evolution is marked by the establishment of central banks, multilateral treaties, and intergovernmental organizations aimed at improving the transparency, regulation, and effectiveness of international markets. In the late 1800s, world migration and communication technology facilitated unprecedented growth in international trade and investment. At the onset of World War I, trade contracted as foreign exchange markets became paralyzed by money market illiquidity. Countries sought to defend against external shocks with protectionist policies and trade virtually halted by 1933, worsening the effects of the global Great Depression until a series of reciprocal trade agreements slowly reduced tariffs worldwide. Efforts to revamp the international monetary system after World War II improved exchange rate stability, fostering record growth in global finance.A series of currency devaluations and oil crises in the 1970s led most countries to float their currencies. The world economy became increasingly financially integrated in the 1980s and 1990s due to capital account liberalization and financial deregulation. A series of financial crises in Europe, Asia, and Latin America followed with contagious effects due to greater exposure to volatile capital flows. The global financial crisis, which originated in the United States in 2007, quickly propagated among other nations and is recognized as the catalyst for the worldwide Great Recession. A market adjustment to Greece's noncompliance with its monetary union in 2009 ignited a sovereign debt crisis among European nations known as the Eurozone crisis.A country's decision to operate an open economy and globalize its financial capital carries monetary implications captured by the balance of payments. It also renders exposure to risks in international finance, such as political deterioration, regulatory changes, foreign exchange controls, and legal uncertainties for property rights and investments. Both individuals and groups may participate in the global financial system. Consumers and international businesses undertake consumption, production, and investment. Governments and intergovernmental bodies act as purveyors of international trade, economic development, and crisis management. Regulatory bodies establish financial regulations and legal procedures, while independent bodies facilitate industry supervision. Research institutes and other associations analyze data, publish reports and policy briefs, and host public discourse on global financial affairs.While the global financial system is edging toward greater stability, governments must deal with differing regional or national needs. Some nations are trying to orderly discontinue unconventional monetary policies installed to cultivate recovery, while others are expanding their scope and scale. Emerging market policymakers face a challenge of precision as they must carefully institute sustainable macroeconomic policies during extraordinary market sensitivity without provoking investors to retreat their capital to stronger markets. Nations' inability to align interests and achieve international consensus on matters such as banking regulation has perpetuated the risk of future global financial catastrophes.