current_account
... • A country’s gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of all (intermediate and final ) goods and services produced as output by firms, minus the value of all goods and services purchased as inputs by firms. • GDP is a product measure, in contrast to GNE, which is an income measure. • In a closed e ...
... • A country’s gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of all (intermediate and final ) goods and services produced as output by firms, minus the value of all goods and services purchased as inputs by firms. • GDP is a product measure, in contrast to GNE, which is an income measure. • In a closed e ...
Transition Report 2010 English
... the recoveries in Russia and Germany are contributing to a return of remittance flows to some of the smaller countries in the region. In contrast, capital inflows are generally recovering more slowly than in other emerging market countries, with the notable exception of Turkey and Poland. Looking ah ...
... the recoveries in Russia and Germany are contributing to a return of remittance flows to some of the smaller countries in the region. In contrast, capital inflows are generally recovering more slowly than in other emerging market countries, with the notable exception of Turkey and Poland. Looking ah ...
annual report - Skydive Australia
... The Board of Directors, in accordance with advice from the audit committee, are satisfied that the provision of non-audit services during the year is compatible with the general standard of independence for auditors imposed by the Corporations Act 2001. The directors are satisfied that the services ...
... The Board of Directors, in accordance with advice from the audit committee, are satisfied that the provision of non-audit services during the year is compatible with the general standard of independence for auditors imposed by the Corporations Act 2001. The directors are satisfied that the services ...
AMC Networks Inc.
... 2015-02 amends current GAAP principles relating to the requirements of the reporting entity to consolidate other legal entities, which will therefore require all reporting entities that hold variable interests in other legal entities to re-evaluate consolidation assessments and disclosures. The new ...
... 2015-02 amends current GAAP principles relating to the requirements of the reporting entity to consolidate other legal entities, which will therefore require all reporting entities that hold variable interests in other legal entities to re-evaluate consolidation assessments and disclosures. The new ...
Bosnia and Herzegovina – Understanding Reform
... have been primarily determined by the requirements of post- war reconstruction, following an end of a three and a half year war in 1995. Reforms towards creation of free- market economy were identified as medium- term priority, once the basic infrastructure and institutional prerequisites for the no ...
... have been primarily determined by the requirements of post- war reconstruction, following an end of a three and a half year war in 1995. Reforms towards creation of free- market economy were identified as medium- term priority, once the basic infrastructure and institutional prerequisites for the no ...
Financial Crises, Risk Premia, and the Term Structure of Risky Assets
... horizon, thus providing speeds of recovery. Next, using daily data during the recent 2008-09 financial crisis, I analyze how the daily term structure of crisis probabilities evolves and responds to major events. Most notably, I find that the equity injection into the financial sector and the Federal ...
... horizon, thus providing speeds of recovery. Next, using daily data during the recent 2008-09 financial crisis, I analyze how the daily term structure of crisis probabilities evolves and responds to major events. Most notably, I find that the equity injection into the financial sector and the Federal ...
World Economic Outlook: Crisis and Recovery, April 2009
... since the start of the crisis will total $2.7 trillion, compared with an estimate of $2.2 trillion in the January 2009 GFSR Update. Including assets originated in other mature market economies, total write-downs could reach $4 trillion over the next two years, approximately two-thirds of which may b ...
... since the start of the crisis will total $2.7 trillion, compared with an estimate of $2.2 trillion in the January 2009 GFSR Update. Including assets originated in other mature market economies, total write-downs could reach $4 trillion over the next two years, approximately two-thirds of which may b ...
Housing and Banking over the Business Cycle Xinyu Ge
... In this dissertation, I develop and study a dynamic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with housing and banking. The framework is used to explore several sets of issues related to housing and financial markets. In Chapter 2, I investigate the extent to which a disruption in banks’ balance sheets affec ...
... In this dissertation, I develop and study a dynamic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with housing and banking. The framework is used to explore several sets of issues related to housing and financial markets. In Chapter 2, I investigate the extent to which a disruption in banks’ balance sheets affec ...
Co-operative Capital - Saint Mary`s University
... puts it, whereas previously the market had been an adjunct to society, now society became an adjunct to the market.’” 3 (Birchall, 1997, p2) The response from the affected members of society was the development of mutual organisations (trade unions, friendly societies, and co-operatives) whose comm ...
... puts it, whereas previously the market had been an adjunct to society, now society became an adjunct to the market.’” 3 (Birchall, 1997, p2) The response from the affected members of society was the development of mutual organisations (trade unions, friendly societies, and co-operatives) whose comm ...
Ch8
... C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods. D) the same as import quotas. E) None of the above. Answer: B Ad valorem tariffs are A) import taxes stated in ads in industry publications. B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods. C) i ...
... C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods. D) the same as import quotas. E) None of the above. Answer: B Ad valorem tariffs are A) import taxes stated in ads in industry publications. B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods. C) i ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES AN ASSESSMENT OF THE NEW MERCHANTILISM
... economies, which causes them to increase assets holdings due to similar effects as those that result from financial globalization. Thus, the surge in reserves in this scenario is not the direct result of self-insurance against higher business cycle volatility inside Sudden Stop countries, but the i ...
... economies, which causes them to increase assets holdings due to similar effects as those that result from financial globalization. Thus, the surge in reserves in this scenario is not the direct result of self-insurance against higher business cycle volatility inside Sudden Stop countries, but the i ...
simpler, smoother, smarter business
... customer sectors, the need arises from the change in value creation models and processes. Consequently, the clientele is partly changing from IT management to business management. At the same time, the IT environment is becoming increasingly complex. The customers want to utilise different solutions ...
... customer sectors, the need arises from the change in value creation models and processes. Consequently, the clientele is partly changing from IT management to business management. At the same time, the IT environment is becoming increasingly complex. The customers want to utilise different solutions ...
Financial Intermediation and Capital Reallocation
... This arrangement requires high productivity firms to borrow through financial intermediaries, who finance the investment by borrowing from low productivity firms. However, the debt contract between financial intermediaries and low productivity firms are subject to limited enforcement. A worsening of the ...
... This arrangement requires high productivity firms to borrow through financial intermediaries, who finance the investment by borrowing from low productivity firms. However, the debt contract between financial intermediaries and low productivity firms are subject to limited enforcement. A worsening of the ...
Sveriges Riksbank Economic Review 2016:1
... constructive and well-informed debate on possible changes that can contribute to a better monetary policy and better economic developments in general. Naturally, a central role in this debate is the extent to which the Riksbank has attained its inflation target. Discussions on target attainment ofte ...
... constructive and well-informed debate on possible changes that can contribute to a better monetary policy and better economic developments in general. Naturally, a central role in this debate is the extent to which the Riksbank has attained its inflation target. Discussions on target attainment ofte ...
DOES OPENNESS IMPLY GREATER EXPOSURE?*
... from endogeneity of trade to income levels or GDP growth, lack of robustness due to exclusion of relevant controls and/or use of inadequate data samples and estimation techniques. Rodrik and Rodriguez (2000) report that TO effects on growth are not robust to inclusion of geographic latitude and Rod ...
... from endogeneity of trade to income levels or GDP growth, lack of robustness due to exclusion of relevant controls and/or use of inadequate data samples and estimation techniques. Rodrik and Rodriguez (2000) report that TO effects on growth are not robust to inclusion of geographic latitude and Rod ...
CHAPTER 6
... H) One theory used to explain foreign direct investment patterns is based on the idea that FDI flows are a reflection of strategic rivalry between firms in the global marketplace. Knickerbocker looked at the relationship between FDI and rivalry in oligopolistic industries (industries composed of a l ...
... H) One theory used to explain foreign direct investment patterns is based on the idea that FDI flows are a reflection of strategic rivalry between firms in the global marketplace. Knickerbocker looked at the relationship between FDI and rivalry in oligopolistic industries (industries composed of a l ...
Patterns, Paradoxes, and Puzzles of International Capital Flows
... driving them. Although the predictions of the neoclassical theory regarding the determinants of international capital mobility are well established, the data has not been willing to support these predictions for some time. Indeed, the gap between theory and the data has led to many puzzles such as t ...
... driving them. Although the predictions of the neoclassical theory regarding the determinants of international capital mobility are well established, the data has not been willing to support these predictions for some time. Indeed, the gap between theory and the data has led to many puzzles such as t ...
International Trade Compliance Terms 01
... Corrected for price changes to yield an equivalent in terms of goods and services. The adjustment divides nominal amounts for different years by price indices for those years -- e.g. the CPI or the implicit price deflator -- and multiplies by 100. This converts to real values, i.e. valued at the pri ...
... Corrected for price changes to yield an equivalent in terms of goods and services. The adjustment divides nominal amounts for different years by price indices for those years -- e.g. the CPI or the implicit price deflator -- and multiplies by 100. This converts to real values, i.e. valued at the pri ...
RADIUS GOLD INC. (Form: 20-F/A, Received: 11/04
... If the Company is unable to retain key members of management, the Company’s business might be harmed; Conflicts of interest may arise among the Company’s officers and directors as a result of their involvement with other mineral resource companies; The Company believes that it may be a "passive fore ...
... If the Company is unable to retain key members of management, the Company’s business might be harmed; Conflicts of interest may arise among the Company’s officers and directors as a result of their involvement with other mineral resource companies; The Company believes that it may be a "passive fore ...
THÈSE Four Essays on Fiscal Policy after the Global Financial Crisis
... Fiscal policy received renewed attention after the global financial crisis and returned to the center of debates in the academia and the press. In the last two decades, fiscal policy was thought as playing a secondary role and monetary policy was considered the primary instrument to stabilize econom ...
... Fiscal policy received renewed attention after the global financial crisis and returned to the center of debates in the academia and the press. In the last two decades, fiscal policy was thought as playing a secondary role and monetary policy was considered the primary instrument to stabilize econom ...
EN EN Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Overview of capital loan
... This working document is published in parallel with the report of the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on guarantees covered by the EU budget at 31 December 2015. It provides further information on the risk borne by the EU budget related to Member States and third countries. An ...
... This working document is published in parallel with the report of the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on guarantees covered by the EU budget at 31 December 2015. It provides further information on the risk borne by the EU budget related to Member States and third countries. An ...
THE PROPOSED ECO: SHOULD WEST AFRICA
... shocks. This study brings a different contribution to the literature in many ways. First, rather than using the conventional two variable modelling approach consisting of only supply and demand shocks, I use a four-variable structural autoregression model to capture the correlation of external shock ...
... shocks. This study brings a different contribution to the literature in many ways. First, rather than using the conventional two variable modelling approach consisting of only supply and demand shocks, I use a four-variable structural autoregression model to capture the correlation of external shock ...
How Does the Market View Bank Regulatory Capital Forbearance
... There has also been a great deal of research on the impact of this policy parameter on deposit insurance pricing; e.g., Duan et al. (1992), Allen and Saunders (1993), Lai (1996), Duan and Yu (1999), and Hwang et al. (2009) among others. To the best of our knowledge, only Lai (1996) treats the policy ...
... There has also been a great deal of research on the impact of this policy parameter on deposit insurance pricing; e.g., Duan et al. (1992), Allen and Saunders (1993), Lai (1996), Duan and Yu (1999), and Hwang et al. (2009) among others. To the best of our knowledge, only Lai (1996) treats the policy ...
External Reserves Accumulation and the
... During the great depression of the 1930‟s, Keynes advocated the use of external reserves for mitigating external vulnerability or shocks. He called for an international clearing system where the main source of liquidity would be related to the value of trade (import ratio). This was further supporte ...
... During the great depression of the 1930‟s, Keynes advocated the use of external reserves for mitigating external vulnerability or shocks. He called for an international clearing system where the main source of liquidity would be related to the value of trade (import ratio). This was further supporte ...
Impact of Trade Reforms on the Trade Balance, Balance of
... This paper examines the impact of trade liberalisation on the trade balance and balance of payments in Mexico. Two events are identified as being important in this regard. The first one is when trade liberalisation started in a serious way in 1985 and Mexico became a member of GATT in 1986. The seco ...
... This paper examines the impact of trade liberalisation on the trade balance and balance of payments in Mexico. Two events are identified as being important in this regard. The first one is when trade liberalisation started in a serious way in 1985 and Mexico became a member of GATT in 1986. The seco ...
Global financial system
The global financial system is the worldwide framework of legal agreements, institutions, and both formal and informal economic actors that together facilitate international flows of financial capital for purposes of investment and trade financing. Since emerging in the late 19th century during the first modern wave of economic globalization, its evolution is marked by the establishment of central banks, multilateral treaties, and intergovernmental organizations aimed at improving the transparency, regulation, and effectiveness of international markets. In the late 1800s, world migration and communication technology facilitated unprecedented growth in international trade and investment. At the onset of World War I, trade contracted as foreign exchange markets became paralyzed by money market illiquidity. Countries sought to defend against external shocks with protectionist policies and trade virtually halted by 1933, worsening the effects of the global Great Depression until a series of reciprocal trade agreements slowly reduced tariffs worldwide. Efforts to revamp the international monetary system after World War II improved exchange rate stability, fostering record growth in global finance.A series of currency devaluations and oil crises in the 1970s led most countries to float their currencies. The world economy became increasingly financially integrated in the 1980s and 1990s due to capital account liberalization and financial deregulation. A series of financial crises in Europe, Asia, and Latin America followed with contagious effects due to greater exposure to volatile capital flows. The global financial crisis, which originated in the United States in 2007, quickly propagated among other nations and is recognized as the catalyst for the worldwide Great Recession. A market adjustment to Greece's noncompliance with its monetary union in 2009 ignited a sovereign debt crisis among European nations known as the Eurozone crisis.A country's decision to operate an open economy and globalize its financial capital carries monetary implications captured by the balance of payments. It also renders exposure to risks in international finance, such as political deterioration, regulatory changes, foreign exchange controls, and legal uncertainties for property rights and investments. Both individuals and groups may participate in the global financial system. Consumers and international businesses undertake consumption, production, and investment. Governments and intergovernmental bodies act as purveyors of international trade, economic development, and crisis management. Regulatory bodies establish financial regulations and legal procedures, while independent bodies facilitate industry supervision. Research institutes and other associations analyze data, publish reports and policy briefs, and host public discourse on global financial affairs.While the global financial system is edging toward greater stability, governments must deal with differing regional or national needs. Some nations are trying to orderly discontinue unconventional monetary policies installed to cultivate recovery, while others are expanding their scope and scale. Emerging market policymakers face a challenge of precision as they must carefully institute sustainable macroeconomic policies during extraordinary market sensitivity without provoking investors to retreat their capital to stronger markets. Nations' inability to align interests and achieve international consensus on matters such as banking regulation has perpetuated the risk of future global financial catastrophes.