Quantum Theory Cannot Hurt You
... As a science writer I am constantly amazed by how much stranger science is than science fiction, how much more incredible the Universe is than anything we could possibly have invented. Despite this, however, very few of the extraordinary discoveries of the past century seem to have trickled through ...
... As a science writer I am constantly amazed by how much stranger science is than science fiction, how much more incredible the Universe is than anything we could possibly have invented. Despite this, however, very few of the extraordinary discoveries of the past century seem to have trickled through ...
General Relativity: An Informal Primer 1 Introduction
... of 3-vectors. Rather than write compact terms such as E or B for the electric and magnetic fields, one would always have to work in terms of the fields’ components within a given coordinate system, such as Ex or Bz . In fact, this is precisely how Maxwell himself manipulated his own equations in the ...
... of 3-vectors. Rather than write compact terms such as E or B for the electric and magnetic fields, one would always have to work in terms of the fields’ components within a given coordinate system, such as Ex or Bz . In fact, this is precisely how Maxwell himself manipulated his own equations in the ...
Course notes
... mechanics, and symmetries, one can understand a surprisingly large portion of particle physics in an accessible and relatively quantitative fashion. From a pedagogical perspective, this endeavor provides an opportunity to discuss special relativity in detail, and practice using it to describe the ki ...
... mechanics, and symmetries, one can understand a surprisingly large portion of particle physics in an accessible and relatively quantitative fashion. From a pedagogical perspective, this endeavor provides an opportunity to discuss special relativity in detail, and practice using it to describe the ki ...
Time Travel and Warp Drives
... Science fiction writers often provide imaginative answers to questions beginning with the word “what.”—“What technological developments might occur in the future?” —but in general, science fiction does not provide answers to the question of “how”. It usually provides no practical guidance as to just ...
... Science fiction writers often provide imaginative answers to questions beginning with the word “what.”—“What technological developments might occur in the future?” —but in general, science fiction does not provide answers to the question of “how”. It usually provides no practical guidance as to just ...
Atomic Clocks - FNWI (Science) Education Service Centre
... The rhythm of day and night and the four seasons is always present. But descriptions of more subtle recurring events, like solar eclipses and other astronomical phenomena, have been found dated at least 4000 years ago. The sundial was the earliest form of a clock that divides time into smaller segme ...
... The rhythm of day and night and the four seasons is always present. But descriptions of more subtle recurring events, like solar eclipses and other astronomical phenomena, have been found dated at least 4000 years ago. The sundial was the earliest form of a clock that divides time into smaller segme ...
About Mechanics of Virtual Reality
... technology, enable us to create a vivid lifelike virtual world, which makes people have experiences both in real and virtual worlds. We have entered a real-virtual mixed age and need new physics to depict such a real-virtual mixed universe. In this article, some personal views about the unification ...
... technology, enable us to create a vivid lifelike virtual world, which makes people have experiences both in real and virtual worlds. We have entered a real-virtual mixed age and need new physics to depict such a real-virtual mixed universe. In this article, some personal views about the unification ...
Begin Adventure / How to Break the Light Barrier by A.D. 2079 (third
... Dude: The speed of photons may not need a reference point, but the speed of an aircraft or spacecraft does. A rocket is not a macrophoton." Clyde: "So, then, relative to the Earth." Dude: "Are you saying a rocket remembers its launch point? Nonsense." Clyde: "Are you saying a rocket has traction to ...
... Dude: The speed of photons may not need a reference point, but the speed of an aircraft or spacecraft does. A rocket is not a macrophoton." Clyde: "So, then, relative to the Earth." Dude: "Are you saying a rocket remembers its launch point? Nonsense." Clyde: "Are you saying a rocket has traction to ...
Physics 252: Frames of Reference and Newton`s Laws
... from this observation, except that light moves faster than sound. He then goes on to suggest a possible way to measure the speed of light. The idea is to have two people far away from each other, with covered lanterns. One uncovers his lantern, then the other immediately uncovers his on seeing the l ...
... from this observation, except that light moves faster than sound. He then goes on to suggest a possible way to measure the speed of light. The idea is to have two people far away from each other, with covered lanterns. One uncovers his lantern, then the other immediately uncovers his on seeing the l ...
Historical burdens on physics 57 Instantaneous and average velocity
... “The instantaneous velocity at time t0 is obtained approximately by taking the interval velocity of a time interval which is as small as possible and which contains t0.” Similar propositions are found for the acceleration. Such statements are not a peculiarity of those books from which they are take ...
... “The instantaneous velocity at time t0 is obtained approximately by taking the interval velocity of a time interval which is as small as possible and which contains t0.” Similar propositions are found for the acceleration. Such statements are not a peculiarity of those books from which they are take ...
General relativity and Its applications - UoN Repository
... Eötvös and its successors, there is a universality of free fall (also known as the weak equivalence principle): the trajectory of a test body in free fall depends only on its position and initial speed, but not on any of its material properties. A simplified version of this is embodied in Einstein's ...
... Eötvös and its successors, there is a universality of free fall (also known as the weak equivalence principle): the trajectory of a test body in free fall depends only on its position and initial speed, but not on any of its material properties. A simplified version of this is embodied in Einstein's ...
that begin or end on it. For example, figure x/2 shows eight lines at
... d, p, m . . . . . . other notations for the electric dipole moment Summary Experiments show that time is not absolute: it flows at different rates depending on an observer’s state of motion. This is an example of the strange effects predicted by Einstein’s theory of relativity. All of these effects, ...
... d, p, m . . . . . . other notations for the electric dipole moment Summary Experiments show that time is not absolute: it flows at different rates depending on an observer’s state of motion. This is an example of the strange effects predicted by Einstein’s theory of relativity. All of these effects, ...
30155-doc - Project Gutenberg
... In your schooldays most of you who read this book made acquaintance with the noble building of Euclid's geometry, and you remember--perhaps with more respect than love--the magnificent structure, on the lofty staircase of which you were chased about for uncounted hours by conscientious teachers. By ...
... In your schooldays most of you who read this book made acquaintance with the noble building of Euclid's geometry, and you remember--perhaps with more respect than love--the magnificent structure, on the lofty staircase of which you were chased about for uncounted hours by conscientious teachers. By ...
Proper particle mechanics
... originally formulated his mechanics in terms of “relative variables” (such as the position and velocity of a particle relative to a given observer), but he eliminated dependence of the equations on the observer’s motion by the “relativity postulate,” which requires that the equations be invariant un ...
... originally formulated his mechanics in terms of “relative variables” (such as the position and velocity of a particle relative to a given observer), but he eliminated dependence of the equations on the observer’s motion by the “relativity postulate,” which requires that the equations be invariant un ...
Maxwell and Special Relativity - Physics Department, Princeton
... charges requires special relativity. These arguments could have been made as early as 1820, but it took 85 years for them to be fully developed. It is now sometimes said that electricity plus special relativity implies magnetism, but a more historical view is that (static) electricity plus magnetism ...
... charges requires special relativity. These arguments could have been made as early as 1820, but it took 85 years for them to be fully developed. It is now sometimes said that electricity plus special relativity implies magnetism, but a more historical view is that (static) electricity plus magnetism ...
physics/9902034 PDF
... computer, but it is also the fastest known parallel computer processor. A CA consists of a huge array of 'cells' (or memory locations) that are capable of storing numerical data, which change state on every clock period, everywhere, according to the rules of the cellular automata. Figure 1 shows a s ...
... computer, but it is also the fastest known parallel computer processor. A CA consists of a huge array of 'cells' (or memory locations) that are capable of storing numerical data, which change state on every clock period, everywhere, according to the rules of the cellular automata. Figure 1 shows a s ...
and invariance principles Events, laws of nature,
... nature should have such complexity as implied by four or five different types of interactions between which no connection, no analogy, can be discovered. It is natural, therefore, to ask for a superprinciple which is in a similar relation to the laws of nature as these are to the events. The laws of ...
... nature should have such complexity as implied by four or five different types of interactions between which no connection, no analogy, can be discovered. It is natural, therefore, to ask for a superprinciple which is in a similar relation to the laws of nature as these are to the events. The laws of ...
Speed of light - should be measured once again
... to do with light and that b does not primarily represent the speed of light [22]. Restrained distinction between the electromagnetic waves and the light is felt also from Maxwell’s comment concerning the nature of experiment for the determination of constants b and c [19]: “The value of b was deter ...
... to do with light and that b does not primarily represent the speed of light [22]. Restrained distinction between the electromagnetic waves and the light is felt also from Maxwell’s comment concerning the nature of experiment for the determination of constants b and c [19]: “The value of b was deter ...
Modern Physics
... • Now suppose the collision is described in a reference frame S in which momentum is conserved. If the velocities of the colliding bodies are calculated in a second moving inertial frame S’ using the Lorentz transformation, and the classical definition of momentum p=mu applied, one finds that moment ...
... • Now suppose the collision is described in a reference frame S in which momentum is conserved. If the velocities of the colliding bodies are calculated in a second moving inertial frame S’ using the Lorentz transformation, and the classical definition of momentum p=mu applied, one finds that moment ...
Einstein`s Miraculous Year -RE-S-O-N-A-N-C-E--I-M-a-r-ch-.-2-0
... higher frequency (and the same intensity) would liberate more electrons, but their energy would not increase. This, too, is not what is observed. Finally, experiments showed that incident light of a frequency lower than a threshold frequency (which depended on the metal) did not liberate any electro ...
... higher frequency (and the same intensity) would liberate more electrons, but their energy would not increase. This, too, is not what is observed. Finally, experiments showed that incident light of a frequency lower than a threshold frequency (which depended on the metal) did not liberate any electro ...
ON THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF MOVING BODIES By A. Einstein June 30, 1905
... number of clocks, and let the two measuring-rods, and likewise all the clocks of the two systems, be in all respects alike. Now to the origin of one of the two systems (k) let a constant velocity v be imparted in the direction of the increasing x of the other stationary system (K), and let this velo ...
... number of clocks, and let the two measuring-rods, and likewise all the clocks of the two systems, be in all respects alike. Now to the origin of one of the two systems (k) let a constant velocity v be imparted in the direction of the increasing x of the other stationary system (K), and let this velo ...
On the Experimental Proofs of Relativistic Length Contraction and
... physical apparatus or device and is subject to the laws of physics in accordance with which the clock is constructed. Therefore, if a clock slows down when it moves, its slower rate should be explainable on the basis of the specific laws responsible for the operation of the clock. In the preceding s ...
... physical apparatus or device and is subject to the laws of physics in accordance with which the clock is constructed. Therefore, if a clock slows down when it moves, its slower rate should be explainable on the basis of the specific laws responsible for the operation of the clock. In the preceding s ...
Cosmology and Science - Gurdjieff and the Fourth Way: A Critical
... ‘descriptions of reality as it is’ but, rather, ever-changing forms of insight, which can point to or indicate a reality that is implicit and not describable in its totality.” Instead of supposing that older theories are falsified at a certain point in time, we merely say that man is continually de ...
... ‘descriptions of reality as it is’ but, rather, ever-changing forms of insight, which can point to or indicate a reality that is implicit and not describable in its totality.” Instead of supposing that older theories are falsified at a certain point in time, we merely say that man is continually de ...
REVIEW David Couzens Hoy, The Time of Our Lives: A Critical
... the present as a separate mode of temporality. The present needs to be understood in relation to other modes of temporality, namely the past and the future. Here, Hoy aligns with Derrida, against Heidegger, in saying that any distinction between time and temporality is not only difficult, but also a ...
... the present as a separate mode of temporality. The present needs to be understood in relation to other modes of temporality, namely the past and the future. Here, Hoy aligns with Derrida, against Heidegger, in saying that any distinction between time and temporality is not only difficult, but also a ...
Einstein`s Electrodynamic Pathway to Special Relativity
... “During this year in Aarau the following question came to me: if one chases a light wave with the speed of light, then one would have before one a time independent wave field. But such a thing appears not to exist! This was the first child-like thought experiment related to the special theory of rel ...
... “During this year in Aarau the following question came to me: if one chases a light wave with the speed of light, then one would have before one a time independent wave field. But such a thing appears not to exist! This was the first child-like thought experiment related to the special theory of rel ...
Time
Time is a measure in which events can be ordered from the past through the present into the future, and also the measure of durations of events and the intervals between them. Time is often referred to as the fourth dimension, along with the three spatial dimensions.Time has long been a major subject of study in religion, philosophy, and science, but defining it in a manner applicable to all fields without circularity has consistently eluded scholars.Nevertheless, diverse fields such as business, industry, sports, the sciences, and the performing arts all incorporate some notion of time into their respective measuring systems.Some simple definitions of time include ""time is what clocks measure"", which is a problematically vague and self-referential definition that utilizes the device used to measure the subject as the definition of the subject, and ""time is what keeps everything from happening at once"", which is without substantive meaning in the absence of the definition of simultaneity in the context of the limitations of human sensation, observation of events, and the perception of such events.Two contrasting viewpoints on time divide many prominent philosophers.One view is that time is part of the fundamental structure of the universe—a dimension independent of events, in which events occur in sequence.Sir Isaac Newton subscribed to this realist view, and hence it is sometimes referred to as Newtonian time.The opposing view is that time does not refer to any kind of ""container"" that events and objects ""move through"", nor to any entity that ""flows"", but that it is instead part of a fundamental intellectual structure (together with space and number) within which humans sequence and compare events. This second view, in the tradition of Gottfried Leibnizand Immanuel Kant,holds that time is neither an event nor a thing, and thus is not itself measurable nor can it be travelled.Time is one of the seven fundamental physical quantities in both the International System of Units and International System of Quantities. Time is used to define other quantities—such as velocity—so defining time in terms of such quantities would result in circularity of definition.An operational definition of time, wherein one says that observing a certain number of repetitions of one or another standard cyclical event (such as the passage of a free-swinging pendulum) constitutes one standard unit such as the second, is highly useful in the conduct of both advanced experiments and everyday affairs of life. The operational definition leaves aside the question whether there is something called time, apart from the counting activity just mentioned, that flows and that can be measured. Investigations of a single continuum called spacetime bring questions about space into questions about time, questions that have their roots in the works of early students of natural philosophy.Furthermore, it may be that there is a subjective component to time, but whether or not time itself is ""felt"", as a sensation, or is a judgment, is a matter of debate.Temporal measurement has occupied scientists and technologists, and was a prime motivation in navigation and astronomy. Periodic events and periodic motion have long served as standards for units of time. Examples include the apparent motion of the sun across the sky, the phases of the moon, the swing of a pendulum, and the beat of a heart. Currently, the international unit of time, the second, is defined by measuring the electronic transition frequency of caesium atoms (see below). Time is also of significant social importance, having economic value (""time is money"") as well as personal value, due to an awareness of the limited time in each day and in human life spans.