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Quantum impurity problem in ultracold gases: Dimitri M Gangardt Alex Kamenev,
Quantum impurity problem in ultracold gases: Dimitri M Gangardt Alex Kamenev,

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Executive Summary Last modified October 13
Executive Summary Last modified October 13

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... a background spacetime M , where G is the group of internal symmetries of the theory, describing internal degrees of freedom of particles and forces. One also fixes a linear representation of G, describing matter fields (G is U (1), SU (2), or SU (3), for electrodynamics, weak, and strong force, res ...
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Canonical quantization

In physics, canonical quantization is a procedure for quantizing a classical theory, while attempting to preserve the formal structure, such as symmetries, of the classical theory, to the greatest extent possible.Historically, this was not quite Werner Heisenberg's route to obtaining quantum mechanics, but Paul Dirac introduced it in his 1926 doctoral thesis, the ""method of classical analogy"" for quantization, and detailed it in his classic text. The word canonical arises from the Hamiltonian approach to classical mechanics, in which a system's dynamics is generated via canonical Poisson brackets, a structure which is only partially preserved in canonical quantization.This method was further used in the context of quantum field theory by Paul Dirac, in his construction of quantum electrodynamics. In the field theory context, it is also called second quantization, in contrast to the semi-classical first quantization for single particles.
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