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- Philsci
- Philsci

... The laws of physics were not handed down from above. Neither are they rules somehow built into the structure of the universe. They are ingredients of the models that physicists invent to describe observations. Rather than being restrictions on the behavior of matter, the laws of physics are restrict ...
Modern Atomic Theory
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... The orbitals, associated with each energy level and sub-level, determine where the electrons are located. Just what is an orbital? An orbital is a specific wave function, a function of the coordinates x, y, and z. In other words ‘position’ Each wave function has a particular value of E, energy, asso ...
pptx - Harvard Condensed Matter Theory group
pptx - Harvard Condensed Matter Theory group

Two-State Vector Formalism
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... t’Hooft in his most recent paper [9], (see also [10]), where discussing the mapping between the Bosonic quantum fields and the cellular automaton in two space-time dimensions, concluded that: “The states of the cellular automaton can be used as a basis for the description of the quantum field theory ...
A Complete Characterization of Unitary Quantum
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... Our results on Matrix Inversion • Classically, we know that n x n Matrix Inversion is in log2(n) space, but don’t believe it can be solved in classical log(n) space • k(n)-Well-conditioned Matrix Inversion • Input: Efficient encoding of 2k x 2k PSD matrix A, and s,t∈{0,1}k : ...
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Adobe Acrobat file ()

... (c). Two particles with the same de Broglie wavelength will have the same momentum p = mv. If the electron and proton have the same momentum, they cannot have the same speed because of the difference in their masses. For the same reason, remembering that KE = p2/2m, they cannot have the same kinetic ...
How close can we get waves to wavefunctions, including potential?
How close can we get waves to wavefunctions, including potential?

... Gauthier (2011) discussed a similar system in connection with the Klein-Gordon equation but not the Schroedinger equation and potential. Bertozzi (2010) compared different systems described by the Klein-Gordon equation, among which he mentioned this mechanical one, but he focused more on the electro ...
Optimization Of Simulations And Activities For A  New Introductory Quantum Mechanics Curriculum Antje Kohnle, Charles Baily, Christopher Hooley, Bruce Torrance  School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
Optimization Of Simulations And Activities For A  New Introductory Quantum Mechanics Curriculum Antje Kohnle, Charles Baily, Christopher Hooley, Bruce Torrance  School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom

... (quantumphysics.iop.org) consists of online texts and interactive simulations with accompanying activities for an introductory course in quantum mechanics starting from two‐level systems. This approach immediately immerses students in the concepts of quantum mechanics by focusing on experiments that ...
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... Atoms in electric fields: the Stark effect What happens if we place an atom in a uniform electric field? One observes a splitting and shifting of energy levels (spectral lines). This was first discovered by Johannes Stark in 1913, i.e. in the same year, in which Bohr developed his model of the hydro ...
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CHEM 334 - Home

... Miscellaneous: The Calculus I and II prerequisites are very important for CHEM 334 because of its mathematical orientation. If you do not feel that your background in differential and integral calculus is adequate it would be advisable to spend some time reviewing these subjects early in the semeste ...
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... The procedure, which assigns a mathematical quantity to a physical quantity is called a measurement. A measurement is based on a comparison of the given element of the quantity with a chosen element called a standard. Assigns – przypisuje, a quantity – wielkość, a comparison – porównanie. ...
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... The first term only shifts the overall energy, the second term can be expressed as a scalar product α·σ between a vector α  (c, d , (a  b) / 2) and a vector of matrices σ  (σ x , σ y , σ z ) , which gives the operator s = ½ħσ in spin representation. Hence, any 2-state quantum system behaves like ...
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Canonical quantization

In physics, canonical quantization is a procedure for quantizing a classical theory, while attempting to preserve the formal structure, such as symmetries, of the classical theory, to the greatest extent possible.Historically, this was not quite Werner Heisenberg's route to obtaining quantum mechanics, but Paul Dirac introduced it in his 1926 doctoral thesis, the ""method of classical analogy"" for quantization, and detailed it in his classic text. The word canonical arises from the Hamiltonian approach to classical mechanics, in which a system's dynamics is generated via canonical Poisson brackets, a structure which is only partially preserved in canonical quantization.This method was further used in the context of quantum field theory by Paul Dirac, in his construction of quantum electrodynamics. In the field theory context, it is also called second quantization, in contrast to the semi-classical first quantization for single particles.
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