Learning station V: Predicting the hydrogen emission lines with a
... It was well-known that atoms can emit light and we can observe that the spectrum of an element is composed by very precise discrete emission lines. However, this phenomenon cannot be explained by a classical atomic model, like e.g. Rutherford’s. Classical physics cannot explain how discrete colour l ...
... It was well-known that atoms can emit light and we can observe that the spectrum of an element is composed by very precise discrete emission lines. However, this phenomenon cannot be explained by a classical atomic model, like e.g. Rutherford’s. Classical physics cannot explain how discrete colour l ...
Axiomatic description of mixed states from Selinger`s CPM
... mixed states and CPMs. Internal traces, which are crucial in quantum information theory, are the adjoints to these maximally mixed states. Keywords: Categorical quantum mechanics, †-compact category, completely positive maps, purification, internal trace. ...
... mixed states and CPMs. Internal traces, which are crucial in quantum information theory, are the adjoints to these maximally mixed states. Keywords: Categorical quantum mechanics, †-compact category, completely positive maps, purification, internal trace. ...
The Structure Lacuna
... solving Equation 1. The result of this is to describe the electron as a three-dimensional object without spin. The consequence is that the three-dimensional angular momentum defined by Schrödinger’s equation is not a conserved quantity and hence inadequate as a basis on which to construct molecular ...
... solving Equation 1. The result of this is to describe the electron as a three-dimensional object without spin. The consequence is that the three-dimensional angular momentum defined by Schrödinger’s equation is not a conserved quantity and hence inadequate as a basis on which to construct molecular ...
Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 126401
... GaAs: m ¼ 0:067me , g ¼ 0:44, c ¼ 27:5 meV A single dot confinement energy @! ¼ 1:1 meV, and spinorbit lengths ld ¼ 1:26 m and lbr ¼ 1:72 m from a fit to a spin relaxation experiment [24,25]. Let us first neglect the spin and look at the spectrum in zero magnetic field as a function of the inter ...
... GaAs: m ¼ 0:067me , g ¼ 0:44, c ¼ 27:5 meV A single dot confinement energy @! ¼ 1:1 meV, and spinorbit lengths ld ¼ 1:26 m and lbr ¼ 1:72 m from a fit to a spin relaxation experiment [24,25]. Let us first neglect the spin and look at the spectrum in zero magnetic field as a function of the inter ...
Switching via quantum activation: A parametrically modulated oscillator 兲
... oscillator was studied experimentally for electrons in Penning traps 关35,36兴. The measured switching rate 关36兴 agreed quantitatively with the theory 关37兴. A quantum parametric oscillator also does not have detailed balance in the general case. The results presented below show that breaking the speci ...
... oscillator was studied experimentally for electrons in Penning traps 关35,36兴. The measured switching rate 关36兴 agreed quantitatively with the theory 关37兴. A quantum parametric oscillator also does not have detailed balance in the general case. The results presented below show that breaking the speci ...
Quantum Computer - Physics, Computer Science and Engineering
... A Hilbert Space is a mathematical model for representing state space vectors. The state of a quantum system can be described by a column vector (|y> “ket”) in a Hilbert Space of wave functions. ...
... A Hilbert Space is a mathematical model for representing state space vectors. The state of a quantum system can be described by a column vector (|y> “ket”) in a Hilbert Space of wave functions. ...
N *
... xx ⬃ RK near the CNP even for high magnetic fields, where the plateau at xy = RK / 2 around = n⌽0 / H = ⫾ 2 共⌽0 is the flux quantum兲 corresponding to either particle or hole filling of the two lowest N = 0 LL is well developed.6–8 Others, reported xx Ⰷ RK, in the M⍀ range, indicating an insulat ...
... xx ⬃ RK near the CNP even for high magnetic fields, where the plateau at xy = RK / 2 around = n⌽0 / H = ⫾ 2 共⌽0 is the flux quantum兲 corresponding to either particle or hole filling of the two lowest N = 0 LL is well developed.6–8 Others, reported xx Ⰷ RK, in the M⍀ range, indicating an insulat ...
The method of molecular rays O S
... laboratory in 1928. It is based on Langmuir’s discovery that every alkali atom striking the surface of a hot tungsten wire (eventually oxygen-coated) goes away as an ion. By measuring the ion current outgoing from the wire we measured directly the number of atoms striking the wire. What can we concl ...
... laboratory in 1928. It is based on Langmuir’s discovery that every alkali atom striking the surface of a hot tungsten wire (eventually oxygen-coated) goes away as an ion. By measuring the ion current outgoing from the wire we measured directly the number of atoms striking the wire. What can we concl ...
Document
... Further comparisons between classical and quantum results Classically we expect that the probability density is uniform i.e. all positions in box are equally likely. Thus for a box of length L, the probability density P(x) = ψ*ψ = 1/L and so the average values of x and x2 are: ...
... Further comparisons between classical and quantum results Classically we expect that the probability density is uniform i.e. all positions in box are equally likely. Thus for a box of length L, the probability density P(x) = ψ*ψ = 1/L and so the average values of x and x2 are: ...
The additivity problem in quantum information theory
... memoryless quantum channels with respect to entangled encodings. Should the additivity fail, this would mean that applying entangled inputs to several independent uses of a quantum channel may result in superadditive increase of its capacity for transmission of classical information. However so far ...
... memoryless quantum channels with respect to entangled encodings. Should the additivity fail, this would mean that applying entangled inputs to several independent uses of a quantum channel may result in superadditive increase of its capacity for transmission of classical information. However so far ...
Calculation of the Zeeman-Fine Energies and the Spectrum with
... 1s states, which is the s s entanglement at g 0 (Figure 1(a)). For n 2 we have l 0, 1 and hence ml 0, 1 , so from Equation (3), the plots of f 2, ml , g gives us the diamond shaped parallelogram whose corners correspond to s s entanglement at g 0 , s p and p s entanglemen ...
... 1s states, which is the s s entanglement at g 0 (Figure 1(a)). For n 2 we have l 0, 1 and hence ml 0, 1 , so from Equation (3), the plots of f 2, ml , g gives us the diamond shaped parallelogram whose corners correspond to s s entanglement at g 0 , s p and p s entanglemen ...
Quantum cryptography
... spanned by tensor products of vectors from H1 and H2 . That corresponds to the quantum system composed of the quantum systems corresponding to Hilbert spaces H1 and H2. An important difference between classical and quantum systems A state of a compound classical (quantum) system can be (cannot be) a ...
... spanned by tensor products of vectors from H1 and H2 . That corresponds to the quantum system composed of the quantum systems corresponding to Hilbert spaces H1 and H2. An important difference between classical and quantum systems A state of a compound classical (quantum) system can be (cannot be) a ...
Dynamics and Spatial Distribution of Electrons in Quantum Wells at
... based on wave function penetration into the substrate (see below). The Ag(111) substrate bands are treated within the two-band nearly free-electron (NFE) approximation. The two-band NFE approximation was chosen since it had been successfully applied [16] to describe the substrate for the related cas ...
... based on wave function penetration into the substrate (see below). The Ag(111) substrate bands are treated within the two-band nearly free-electron (NFE) approximation. The two-band NFE approximation was chosen since it had been successfully applied [16] to describe the substrate for the related cas ...
pdf
... We say that the distribution Pf is known (or explicit) if the function f is given explicitly, and hence all probabilities Pf (j) can be computed. Pf is unknown (or black-box) if we only have oracle access to the function f , and no additional information about f is given. Two distributions Pf , Pg ...
... We say that the distribution Pf is known (or explicit) if the function f is given explicitly, and hence all probabilities Pf (j) can be computed. Pf is unknown (or black-box) if we only have oracle access to the function f , and no additional information about f is given. Two distributions Pf , Pg ...
A Critical Reexamination of the Electrostatic Aharonov
... field, there is no net magnetic force on it. Nevertheless, its energy on this path differs from its energy on the other path by an amount of magnitude B for time t, which would seem to generate a phase shift = Bt/ħ. A phase difference of this magnitude has in fact been confirmed in observations ...
... field, there is no net magnetic force on it. Nevertheless, its energy on this path differs from its energy on the other path by an amount of magnitude B for time t, which would seem to generate a phase shift = Bt/ħ. A phase difference of this magnitude has in fact been confirmed in observations ...