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Chapter 9- security
Chapter 9- security

... Application Roles  This is a special role that must be activated using a password  It is designed to force users to use a specific application to access data  The activation code can be hardwired into your custom applications  It does not contain any users ...
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... For wide area networks, communication costs can dominate local costs. For local area networks, communication costs are more equally weighted with local costs. 40. How does two phase locking for distributed databases differ from two phase locking for centralized databases? Ans: For distributed query ...
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Serializability

In concurrency control of databases, transaction processing (transaction management), and various transactional applications (e.g., transactional memory and software transactional memory), both centralized and distributed, a transaction schedule is serializable if its outcome (e.g., the resulting database state) is equal to the outcome of its transactions executed serially, i.e., sequentially without overlapping in time. Transactions are normally executed concurrently (they overlap), since this is the most efficient way. Serializability is the major correctness criterion for concurrent transactions' executions. It is considered the highest level of isolation between transactions, and plays an essential role in concurrency control. As such it is supported in all general purpose database systems. Strong strict two-phase locking (SS2PL) is a popular serializability mechanism utilized in most of the database systems (in various variants) since their early days in the 1970s.Serializability theory provides the formal framework to reason about and analyze serializability and its techniques. Though it is mathematical in nature, its fundamentals are informally (without mathematics notation) introduced below.
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