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Convex Sets and Convex Functions on Complete Manifolds
Convex Sets and Convex Functions on Complete Manifolds

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Unit 9 Vocabulary and Objectives File
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PowerPoint 演示文稿 - Welcome to Dr Wang Xingbo's Website

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Lines that intersect Circles
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After this lesson, you should be able to:
After this lesson, you should be able to:

... a. Two circles are externally tangent if each of the tangent circles lies outside the other. b. Circle A and circle B are externally tangent. Name their point of tangency. c. What must be true about AB and CE ? d. CE is a common internal tangent because it lies between the circles. ...
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c-16-common-102-engineering-maths

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Branched covers of the Riemann sphere

10.1 Use Properties of Tangents
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... A  line  is  tangent  to  a  circle  if  and  only  if  it’s  ___________________________   to  a  _______________________  drawn  to  the  point  of  tangency.   ...
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Differentiable manifold



In mathematics, a differentiable manifold is a type of manifold that is locally similar enough to a linear space to allow one to do calculus. Any manifold can be described by a collection of charts, also known as an atlas. One may then apply ideas from calculus while working within the individual charts, since each chart lies within a linear space to which the usual rules of calculus apply. If the charts are suitably compatible (namely, the transition from one chart to another is differentiable), then computations done in one chart are valid in any other differentiable chart.In formal terms, a differentiable manifold is a topological manifold with a globally defined differential structure. Any topological manifold can be given a differential structure locally by using the homeomorphisms in its atlas and the standard differential structure on a linear space. To induce a global differential structure on the local coordinate systems induced by the homeomorphisms, their composition on chart intersections in the atlas must be differentiable functions on the corresponding linear space. In other words, where the domains of charts overlap, the coordinates defined by each chart are required to be differentiable with respect to the coordinates defined by every chart in the atlas. The maps that relate the coordinates defined by the various charts to one another are called transition maps.Differentiability means different things in different contexts including: continuously differentiable, k times differentiable, smooth, and holomorphic. Furthermore, the ability to induce such a differential structure on an abstract space allows one to extend the definition of differentiability to spaces without global coordinate systems. A differential structure allows one to define the globally differentiable tangent space, differentiable functions, and differentiable tensor and vector fields. Differentiable manifolds are very important in physics. Special kinds of differentiable manifolds form the basis for physical theories such as classical mechanics, general relativity, and Yang–Mills theory. It is possible to develop a calculus for differentiable manifolds. This leads to such mathematical machinery as the exterior calculus. The study of calculus on differentiable manifolds is known as differential geometry.
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