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Free Fall of Elementary Particles
Free Fall of Elementary Particles

... quite different from the Es field in that the boundary condition for Em is equal to the boundary conditions for the magnetic field. (More on this later.) In the equilibrium state, the observer in the reference frame of the moving rod will not feel any forces due to electric fields, either Es or Em. ...
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... emission & and slow decay of elementary particles), time scale varies considerably (10-10 103 s), interaction involves "leptons", depends on the parity (symmetry of translation & spin) of the particles, acts over distances << 10-15 m (below strong interaction) (W: hypothetical particle mediating wea ...
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Chapter 20 Concept Tests - University of Colorado Boulder

... the B-field is up, and the forces cancel. But if charge is negative, both forces switch direction and the forces still cancel. In either case, the fact that the particles is moving with constant velocity implies that Fnet = 0. Since the net force is zero, the magnetic force (magnitude |q|vB) must ca ...
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... the coefficient of z 2 vanishes when b = a Remark For b = a the coils are known as Helmholtz coils. For this choice of b the z 2 terms in part (c) are absent. (Also if the o↵-axis fields are computed along the lines of part (b), they also vanish.) The field near the origin is then constant to 0.1% f ...
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... A process similar to induction can take place in insulators The charges within the molecules of the material are rearranged The effect is called polarization ...
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Electromagnetism



Electromagnetism is a branch of physics which involves the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles. The electromagnetic force usually shows electromagnetic fields, such as electric fields, magnetic fields, and light. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental interactions in nature. The other three fundamental interactions are the strong interaction, the weak interaction, and gravitation.The word electromagnetism is a compound form of two Greek terms, ἤλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"", and μαγνῆτις λίθος magnētis lithos, which means ""magnesian stone"", a type of iron ore. The science of electromagnetic phenomena is defined in terms of the electromagnetic force, sometimes called the Lorentz force, which includes both electricity and magnetism as elements of one phenomenon.The electromagnetic force plays a major role in determining the internal properties of most objects encountered in daily life. Ordinary matter takes its form as a result of intermolecular forces between individual molecules in matter. Electrons are bound by electromagnetic wave mechanics into orbitals around atomic nuclei to form atoms, which are the building blocks of molecules. This governs the processes involved in chemistry, which arise from interactions between the electrons of neighboring atoms, which are in turn determined by the interaction between electromagnetic force and the momentum of the electrons.There are numerous mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field. In classical electrodynamics, electric fields are described as electric potential and electric current in Ohm's law, magnetic fields are associated with electromagnetic induction and magnetism, and Maxwell's equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents.The theoretical implications of electromagnetism, in particular the establishment of the speed of light based on properties of the ""medium"" of propagation (permeability and permittivity), led to the development of special relativity by Albert Einstein in 1905.Although electromagnetism is considered one of the four fundamental forces, at high energy the weak force and electromagnetism are unified. In the history of the universe, during the quark epoch, the electroweak force split into the electromagnetic and weak forces.
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