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640251Lecture18Temperature
640251Lecture18Temperature

Spring Physics of Astronomy– Quiz on Ch
Spring Physics of Astronomy– Quiz on Ch

... one star is 10 times farther away than the other, then the more distant one would be 100 times fainter. the more distant one would be 10 times fainter. the more distant one would be 100 magnitudes fainter. 9. The color of a nearby but isolated star appears to be redder than that of the Sun. Which of ...
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... passing through the rectangle is the small section marked with red in Fig. 34-5b . Just then, the magnetic field through the rectangle points in the positive z direction and is decreasing in magnitude (the magnitude was greater just before the red section B through the rectangle is also decreasing. ...
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... Furthermore, Maxwell showed that waves of oscillating electric and magnetic fields travel through empty space at a speed that could be predicted from simple electrical experiments —using the data available at the time, Maxwell obtained a velocity of 310,740,000 m/s. Maxwell (1865) wrote: This veloc ...
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... 6. This exam consists of 20 concept questions worth two points each and nine problems having a total of 30 parts. The problem parts are equally weighted: each is worth two points. The total number of points on the exam is 100. 7. If you have any questions during the exam, please raise your hand and ...
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Superconductivity



Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. It was discovered by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete ejection of magnetic field lines from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics.The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as temperature is lowered. In ordinary conductors, such as copper or silver, this decrease is limited by impurities and other defects. Even near absolute zero, a real sample of a normal conductor shows some resistance. In a superconductor, the resistance drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its critical temperature. An electric current flowing through a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source.In 1986, it was discovered that some cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials have a critical temperature above 90 K (−183 °C). Such a high transition temperature is theoretically impossible for a conventional superconductor, leading the materials to be termed high-temperature superconductors. Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K, and superconduction at higher temperatures than this facilitates many experiments and applications that are less practical at lower temperatures.
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