Transitions between corona, glow, and spark regimes of
... correspond to the G-S transition at each f. These jumps are about a factor of 10 at high f but gradually reduce until there is virtually no jump at f = 1 kHz. Thus, the G-S transition becomes “softer” with decreasing f. Within each regime, there are up to two decades of variation in the peak emissio ...
... correspond to the G-S transition at each f. These jumps are about a factor of 10 at high f but gradually reduce until there is virtually no jump at f = 1 kHz. Thus, the G-S transition becomes “softer” with decreasing f. Within each regime, there are up to two decades of variation in the peak emissio ...
The birth of topological insulators
... There is also, however, a ‘strong’ topological insulator, which has a more subtle relationship to the 2D case; the relationship is that in two dimensions it is possible to connect ordinary insulators and topological insulators smoothly by breaking time-reversal symmetry7. Such a continuous interpola ...
... There is also, however, a ‘strong’ topological insulator, which has a more subtle relationship to the 2D case; the relationship is that in two dimensions it is possible to connect ordinary insulators and topological insulators smoothly by breaking time-reversal symmetry7. Such a continuous interpola ...
Introduction to Plasma Physics
... theories describing the behavior of aurora, the radiation belts, now known as Van Allen belts, the effect of magnetic storms on the Earth’s magnetic field and cosmic electrodynamics. Perhaps one of his best-known ideas is the theory of low-frequency magnetohydrodynamic waves, now known as Alfvén wa ...
... theories describing the behavior of aurora, the radiation belts, now known as Van Allen belts, the effect of magnetic storms on the Earth’s magnetic field and cosmic electrodynamics. Perhaps one of his best-known ideas is the theory of low-frequency magnetohydrodynamic waves, now known as Alfvén wa ...
physics in canada la physique au canada
... are ideally suited to the study of magnetic structures and magnetic fluctuations. The article by Fritzsche et al. describes how polarized neutrons are used to study magnetic thin films and multilayers, while Buyers and Yamani describe how neutrons have played a pivotal role in the discovery of new p ...
... are ideally suited to the study of magnetic structures and magnetic fluctuations. The article by Fritzsche et al. describes how polarized neutrons are used to study magnetic thin films and multilayers, while Buyers and Yamani describe how neutrons have played a pivotal role in the discovery of new p ...
30_InstructorSolutionsWin
... EXECUTE: (a) The induced emf points from b to a, in the direction of the current. Therefore, the current is decreasing and the induced emf is directed to oppose this decrease. (b) E L i / t , so i/t Vab /L (1.04 V) /(0.260 H) 4.00 A/s. In 2.00 s the decrease in i is 8.00 A and the curren ...
... EXECUTE: (a) The induced emf points from b to a, in the direction of the current. Therefore, the current is decreasing and the induced emf is directed to oppose this decrease. (b) E L i / t , so i/t Vab /L (1.04 V) /(0.260 H) 4.00 A/s. In 2.00 s the decrease in i is 8.00 A and the curren ...
Faraday and the Philosophical Magazine
... him, immediately started to vary parameters experimentally. How difficult and sometimes misleading ‘low temperature’ studies were at that time can be gathered from a paper [13] that appeared in 1836: General views have long since led me to an opinion, which is probably also entertained by others, th ...
... him, immediately started to vary parameters experimentally. How difficult and sometimes misleading ‘low temperature’ studies were at that time can be gathered from a paper [13] that appeared in 1836: General views have long since led me to an opinion, which is probably also entertained by others, th ...
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. It was discovered by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete ejection of magnetic field lines from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics.The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as temperature is lowered. In ordinary conductors, such as copper or silver, this decrease is limited by impurities and other defects. Even near absolute zero, a real sample of a normal conductor shows some resistance. In a superconductor, the resistance drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its critical temperature. An electric current flowing through a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source.In 1986, it was discovered that some cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials have a critical temperature above 90 K (−183 °C). Such a high transition temperature is theoretically impossible for a conventional superconductor, leading the materials to be termed high-temperature superconductors. Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K, and superconduction at higher temperatures than this facilitates many experiments and applications that are less practical at lower temperatures.