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Tunability of Excited-State Energy Levels of Four
Tunability of Excited-State Energy Levels of Four

... Since the first demonstration2) of quantum superposition in a three-Josephson-junction (3-JJ) flux qubit,3) many researchers have experimentally worked on 3-JJ qubits and its improved versions. A tunable coupling scheme4) and controlled-NOT quantum gate operation5) using a qubit pair have been demon ...
Fabrication of two-layer integrated phase mask for
Fabrication of two-layer integrated phase mask for

... A photonic crystal is a dielectric medium in which periodic microstructures are formed using high refractive index contrast materials [1, 2]. Since its first introduction in 1987, a large number of applications have been proposed using photonic crystal structures [3]. However, it has been a great ch ...
Single scattering by red blood cells
Single scattering by red blood cells

... ~1 mW–10 W! and RkP-576 ~1 nW–1 mW!. The latter was positioned behind a pinhole with a diameter of 1.3 mm at a distance of 55 cm from the cuvette containing the blood sample, resulting in an aperture solid angle of 4.4 3 1026 sr. The detector was rotated around the cuvette with a positioning precisi ...
Optical Properties of Nanostructures
Optical Properties of Nanostructures

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Optimisation of Quantum Trajectories Driven by Strong-Field
Optimisation of Quantum Trajectories Driven by Strong-Field

... recollision with the parent ion, the energy transferred from the field to the electron may be released as attosecond duration XUV emission1,2 in the process of high harmonic generation (HHG). The conventional sinusoidal driver fields set limitations on the maximum value of this energy transfer, and ...
Calculation of Van der Waals interaction strength between rubidium
Calculation of Van der Waals interaction strength between rubidium

... hydrogen, the alkali metals have an outer valence electron in a s-shell. This property makes that the alkali metals are very similar to hydrogen, as you can approximate the alkali metals in many circumstances as being a hydrogen atom with a massive core. In reality, the outer valence electron is sub ...
Sample chapter - Pharmaceutical Press
Sample chapter - Pharmaceutical Press

... Although s orbitals and p orbitals describe individual atomic orbitals, they are not suitable for describing molecular orbitals. ...
Quantum Correlation Experiments with Resonance Fluorescence
Quantum Correlation Experiments with Resonance Fluorescence

... over long distances [18, 19]. Recently, several experiments have addressed the realization of a probabilistic entanglement [20–22] and of an atom-photon interface with single atoms [23–25]. It is hence the complete understanding and control of the internal dynamics of a trapped ion that permits one ...
HOMOGENEOUS LINEWIDTH AND SPECTRAL
HOMOGENEOUS LINEWIDTH AND SPECTRAL

... 2-5. First three energy levels of En for hydrogenic atoms. ..............................................19 2-6. General energy diagram for insulators and semiconductors....................................21 2-7. a) The single particle picture of an electron and hole in a semiconductor. The electron ...
arXiv:1206.0704v1 [physics.optics] 4 Jun 2012
arXiv:1206.0704v1 [physics.optics] 4 Jun 2012

... of a hybrid quantum network [6]. Until now, most experiments demonstrating either classical or quantum wavelength conversion have used intrinsic optical nonlinearities of materials [1, 14, 15]. In this Letter we show that by patterning an optomechanical crystal (OMC) nanobeam from a thin film of sil ...
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Zinc Oxide
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Zinc Oxide

... Keywords: Varistor, Ceramic, Mechanical Properties, Microstructure, Fracture. Abstract: ZnO varistors are nonlinear resistors used as surge arresters in power transmission and distribution for the protection of electronic devices. Electrical characteristics of these materials have been extensively s ...
Effects of culture conditions on ligninolytic enzymes and protease
Effects of culture conditions on ligninolytic enzymes and protease

... or carbons. (Dash et al., 2009) also found that potassium permanganate could be reduced into MnO2 and formed complexes with the organic groups during the process of oxidation of organic compounds by potassium permanganate. After the thermal treatment of Mn-SC at 260℃, the average oxidation degree of ...
Properties and sensing characteristics of surface
Properties and sensing characteristics of surface

... resonant angle ␪ SPR . For example, in the gaseous medium the values of ␪ SPR were ⬃42°–46° for BK7 glass (1.5 ⬍ n p ⬍ 1.55), 35°–38° for SF11 glass (1.7 ⬍ n p ⬍ 1.8), and 16.5°–16.8° for silicon (3.45 ⬍ n p ⬍ 3.7), while those of the aqueous medium were 60°–80°, 50°– 55°, and 22°–25°, respectively. ...
Light-Matter Interaction: Fundamentals and
Light-Matter Interaction: Fundamentals and

... undergraduates, graduate students, or researchers who have been trained in one of the conventional curricula of physics, chemistry, or engineering but need to acquire familiarity with adjacent areas in order to pursue their research goals. In deciding what to include in the volume we have been guide ...
Early-stage relaxation of hot electrons by LO phonon emission Herve´ Castella
Early-stage relaxation of hot electrons by LO phonon emission Herve´ Castella

... broad phonon satellites,10 or the buildup of screening by excited carriers.11 Another approach to ultrafast dynamics describes the scattering processes via a hierarchy of equations for manyparticle correlation functions, which is truncated to a closed set of equations by mean-field arguments. These ...
The Double Slit Experiment and Quantum Mechanics∗
The Double Slit Experiment and Quantum Mechanics∗

... from zero to 100 per cent. Of course as you reduce the amount of energy absorbed, you decrease the probability that the particle will be detected. In order to detect how much of each particle goes through each slit, we place detectors after each slit. If we make the slit detectors very sensitive so ...
View/Open - Earth
View/Open - Earth

... inside the cavity compared to free space, which can be explained in terms of an interaction between atom and cavity modes [9,10]. The density of states (DOS) can be interpreted as a probability density of exciting a single eigen-state of the electromagnetic (e.m.) field. When the plot of DOS vs. fre ...
SIMES Field Budget Reports-June 2015
SIMES Field Budget Reports-June 2015

...  Organic-inorganic hybrids form the basis for natural and synthetic functional materials because they can combine the mechanical stability and electronic properties of inorganic solids with the tunability and flexibility of organic molecules. We studied the structural and electronic changes resulti ...
Lecture-12
Lecture-12

DCY1B - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
DCY1B - Manonmaniam Sundaranar University

... the decrease in atomic radii is much less compared to P-block elements. This is because, addition of electrons to the inner (n-1) d orbital effectively screen the outer ns electron from the added nuclear charge (primary screening effect). Further, the decrease in the atomic radii is minimum for grou ...
CHEM 101 Fall 09 Final Exam (a)
CHEM 101 Fall 09 Final Exam (a)

... 12. What is the frequency (s-1) of a photon that has an energy of 4.38 × 10-18 J? a. 436 b. 6.61 × 1015 c. 1.45 × 10-16 d. 2.30 × 107 e. 1.31 × 10-9 13. Which answer shows all possible values of the second quantum number when n = 3? a. l = 0 b. l = 0, 1 c. l = 0, 1, 2 d. l = 0, 1, 2, 3 e. l = 0, 1, ...
Use the following answers for questions 1
Use the following answers for questions 1

... 11. Utilized as a coating to protect Fe from corrosion 12. Is added to silicon to enhance its properties as a semiconductor 13. Utilized as a shield from sources of radiation 1. Questions 1-4 refer to the following types of energy. (A) Activation energy (B) Free energy (C) Ionization energy (D) Kine ...
Electrochromic Shift of Chlorophyll Absorption in Photosystem I from
Electrochromic Shift of Chlorophyll Absorption in Photosystem I from

Calculation of Dispersion Energies - Psi-k
Calculation of Dispersion Energies - Psi-k

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X-ray fluorescence



X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic ""secondary"" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis, particularly in the investigation of metals, glass, ceramics and building materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic science and archaeology.
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