Optimization of axial resolution in a confocal microscope with
... with D-shaped apertures exhibits a poorer axial resolution than in the conventional confocal microscope with circular apertures, the behavior is different with a finite-sized detector. It is of practical significance that for a given finite-sized detector there is an optimum configuration (value of ...
... with D-shaped apertures exhibits a poorer axial resolution than in the conventional confocal microscope with circular apertures, the behavior is different with a finite-sized detector. It is of practical significance that for a given finite-sized detector there is an optimum configuration (value of ...
Raman Scattering in Solids
... (1) An incoming photon with wave vector k I and frequency ωI is absorbed, and the absorbing material is excited from its initial state i to an intermediate virtual state v. r (2) An elementary excitation with wave vector q and frequency ω is created (Stokes process) or annihilated (Anti-Stokes proce ...
... (1) An incoming photon with wave vector k I and frequency ωI is absorbed, and the absorbing material is excited from its initial state i to an intermediate virtual state v. r (2) An elementary excitation with wave vector q and frequency ω is created (Stokes process) or annihilated (Anti-Stokes proce ...
Atoms, Elements and Compounds Home
... are several different types of nitrogen oxide. When this happens, the number of the type of atom that can be different is shown by using a prefix: ‘mono-’ (one), ‘di-’ (two) or ‘tri-’ (three). For example, the compound with the formula NO is called nitrogen monoxide and NO2 is nitrogen dioxide. If t ...
... are several different types of nitrogen oxide. When this happens, the number of the type of atom that can be different is shown by using a prefix: ‘mono-’ (one), ‘di-’ (two) or ‘tri-’ (three). For example, the compound with the formula NO is called nitrogen monoxide and NO2 is nitrogen dioxide. If t ...
Chapter 2 Femtosecond Laser Pulses - diss.fu
... radiation. As aforementioned, for high intensity light, due to the intensity dependent refractive index, the Kerr lens effect occurs. When the laser operates in its most usual regime (free-running laser ), it can oscillate simultaneously over all the resonance frequencies of the cavity. These freque ...
... radiation. As aforementioned, for high intensity light, due to the intensity dependent refractive index, the Kerr lens effect occurs. When the laser operates in its most usual regime (free-running laser ), it can oscillate simultaneously over all the resonance frequencies of the cavity. These freque ...
Quantum State Preparation via Asymptotic Completeness
... the initial N-atom state jc0 , which may also include entanglement between different atoms (i.e., jc0 need not be a product of single-atom states). Mathematics predicts [6], in the limit N ! ` of infinitely many atoms, that any field state jx can be created by choosing an appropriate initial ato ...
... the initial N-atom state jc0 , which may also include entanglement between different atoms (i.e., jc0 need not be a product of single-atom states). Mathematics predicts [6], in the limit N ! ` of infinitely many atoms, that any field state jx can be created by choosing an appropriate initial ato ...
O_4 Theory (III) QUANTUM MECHANICAL STUDY OF THE FLEISCHMANN-PONS EFFECT
... – Estimate is rough, but representative – Transmission through entire atoms is closely related to fusion with one of the atoms. ...
... – Estimate is rough, but representative – Transmission through entire atoms is closely related to fusion with one of the atoms. ...
Key - GCC
... All samples of a given substance will have the same ratio of atoms by mass (e.g., carbon dioxide is always CO2). c. Dalton’s Atomic Theory 4 postulates: all matter is made of atoms (once thought to be indivisible); all atoms of a given elements are identical (atoms of different elements are differen ...
... All samples of a given substance will have the same ratio of atoms by mass (e.g., carbon dioxide is always CO2). c. Dalton’s Atomic Theory 4 postulates: all matter is made of atoms (once thought to be indivisible); all atoms of a given elements are identical (atoms of different elements are differen ...
Electron dynamics in quantum dots on helium surface M.I. Dykman
... an approximation applies only if the wavelength of helium vibrations is much bigger than the width Kd of the di@use surface layer, which is of the order of a few angstroms [7]. When we estimate the decay rate numerically, we make an assumption that helium vibrations are essentially decoupled from th ...
... an approximation applies only if the wavelength of helium vibrations is much bigger than the width Kd of the di@use surface layer, which is of the order of a few angstroms [7]. When we estimate the decay rate numerically, we make an assumption that helium vibrations are essentially decoupled from th ...
Module 9 Methods for Structure Determination Lecture 24 UV
... technique is that it is too “hard” i.e.; there is a lot of fragmentation which at times makes it difficult to assign the molecular ion peak. In some cases it may be totally absent. Also since the radical cations are extremely unstable they may decompose before reaching the detector. In the later met ...
... technique is that it is too “hard” i.e.; there is a lot of fragmentation which at times makes it difficult to assign the molecular ion peak. In some cases it may be totally absent. Also since the radical cations are extremely unstable they may decompose before reaching the detector. In the later met ...
Applied Physics Letters
... While the introduction of the antenna necessarily adds a step into the energy transduction process, it can be employed in spectral regions where the absorption fraction of the PV cell drops below ET. To reduce the uncertainties in the measurement of ET, we fabricate an organic superlattice photode ...
... While the introduction of the antenna necessarily adds a step into the energy transduction process, it can be employed in spectral regions where the absorption fraction of the PV cell drops below ET. To reduce the uncertainties in the measurement of ET, we fabricate an organic superlattice photode ...
Electron spectroscopy of atoms and molecules using synchrotron
... Electron spectroscopy analyzes the electrons emitted or scattered by the studied sample when bombarded using excitation beams (electron or photon) and it is based on two physical phenomena, the photoelectric effect and the Auger process. Both phenomena where discovered in the early 20th century, when ...
... Electron spectroscopy analyzes the electrons emitted or scattered by the studied sample when bombarded using excitation beams (electron or photon) and it is based on two physical phenomena, the photoelectric effect and the Auger process. Both phenomena where discovered in the early 20th century, when ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
... Wavelength(nm) Vs. Trasmission Coefficient in case of Silicon_Silica based photonic crystal containing number of unit cells (N) = 10 Silicon_Silicon Carbide: In the case of Silicon and Silicon Carbide the value of n 1 for Silicon is 3.5 and the value of n 2 for Silicon Carbide is 2.55, so by using e ...
... Wavelength(nm) Vs. Trasmission Coefficient in case of Silicon_Silica based photonic crystal containing number of unit cells (N) = 10 Silicon_Silicon Carbide: In the case of Silicon and Silicon Carbide the value of n 1 for Silicon is 3.5 and the value of n 2 for Silicon Carbide is 2.55, so by using e ...
lecture 6 Optical Sources
... λc= hc / Eg = 1.24/Eg(ev) -The photoresponse cuts off as a result of very large values of αs at the shorter wavelengths. -In this case photons are absorbed very close to the photodetector surface where the recombination time of the generated electron hole pairs is very short. -The generated carriers ...
... λc= hc / Eg = 1.24/Eg(ev) -The photoresponse cuts off as a result of very large values of αs at the shorter wavelengths. -In this case photons are absorbed very close to the photodetector surface where the recombination time of the generated electron hole pairs is very short. -The generated carriers ...
Slowdown of light due to exciton-polariton propagation in ZnO
... transmitted through a 0.55-mm-thick Cermet ZnO sample in the α-measurement geometry (kc, E⊥c). Several important features can be noticed. First of all, the light could only be transmitted when photon energies are below 3.360 eV, which indicates strong near-band-edge absorption at the higher energie ...
... transmitted through a 0.55-mm-thick Cermet ZnO sample in the α-measurement geometry (kc, E⊥c). Several important features can be noticed. First of all, the light could only be transmitted when photon energies are below 3.360 eV, which indicates strong near-band-edge absorption at the higher energie ...
12.1 Powerpoint
... He called the energy packet a photon, and postulated that light acted like a particle as well as a wave. ...
... He called the energy packet a photon, and postulated that light acted like a particle as well as a wave. ...
Supplementary Information
... It is an illusion that our method, SIL and oil immersion objective share the similar physical mechanisms. The oil/solid immersion based approaches cannot fundamentally break the diffractive barrier. They achieve a higher resolution just by increasing the NA of system. Therefore, the Abbe formulae 0. ...
... It is an illusion that our method, SIL and oil immersion objective share the similar physical mechanisms. The oil/solid immersion based approaches cannot fundamentally break the diffractive barrier. They achieve a higher resolution just by increasing the NA of system. Therefore, the Abbe formulae 0. ...
Effects of atmospheric turbulence on remote optimal control
... Atmospheric applications of ultrashort and ultraintense lasers have recently emerged as a novel and very active field of research. On one side, the use of filamentation in air as coherent white light source for Light Detection and Ranging of atmospheric species has been proven as an attractive metho ...
... Atmospheric applications of ultrashort and ultraintense lasers have recently emerged as a novel and very active field of research. On one side, the use of filamentation in air as coherent white light source for Light Detection and Ranging of atmospheric species has been proven as an attractive metho ...
Soliton Self-Frequency Shift Cancellation in
... experimental observations of temporal solitons in dispersive optical fibers (4 ), it was found that fiber solitons can exhibit a strong self-frequency shift (5, 6 ). That is, a short (⬍1 ps) soliton propagating in a Raman-active medium like silica is continuously red-shifted because the lowfrequency ...
... experimental observations of temporal solitons in dispersive optical fibers (4 ), it was found that fiber solitons can exhibit a strong self-frequency shift (5, 6 ). That is, a short (⬍1 ps) soliton propagating in a Raman-active medium like silica is continuously red-shifted because the lowfrequency ...
PowerPoint - ECSE - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
... Microbends are used to intentionally kill some modes and reduce modal dispersion Modal dispersion and chromatic dispersion share the characteristic that they cause intersymbol interference (and hence a strong upper bound on bit rate) Diffraction with polychromatic light will lead to the ...
... Microbends are used to intentionally kill some modes and reduce modal dispersion Modal dispersion and chromatic dispersion share the characteristic that they cause intersymbol interference (and hence a strong upper bound on bit rate) Diffraction with polychromatic light will lead to the ...
THERMOCHEMISTRY or Thermodynamics
... ENERGY is the capacity to do work (w) or transfer heat (q). HEAT is the thermal energy that can be transferred from an object at one temperature to an object at another temperature – Net transfer of thermal energy stops when the two objects reach the same temperature. Other forms of energy — ...
... ENERGY is the capacity to do work (w) or transfer heat (q). HEAT is the thermal energy that can be transferred from an object at one temperature to an object at another temperature – Net transfer of thermal energy stops when the two objects reach the same temperature. Other forms of energy — ...
SCATTERING OF ELECTRONS BY DIATOMIC MOLECULES IN
... problem of electron scattering by a hydrogen atom. We could use also other values of these parameters, for example, those calculated from the experimentally obtained potential curves for H; and H2 • Curves III and IV show the experimental results obtained by the Ramsauer method[ 9 J and by the elect ...
... problem of electron scattering by a hydrogen atom. We could use also other values of these parameters, for example, those calculated from the experimentally obtained potential curves for H; and H2 • Curves III and IV show the experimental results obtained by the Ramsauer method[ 9 J and by the elect ...
Reading out a quantum bit
... frequency ω + h̄g2 ∆ , i.e. on resonance with the cavity when the qubit is in it’s excited state. When the qubit is in it’s ground state, some photons will be reflected. Looking at the number of photons transmitted through the cavity there will two peaks corresponding to the two different qubit stat ...
... frequency ω + h̄g2 ∆ , i.e. on resonance with the cavity when the qubit is in it’s excited state. When the qubit is in it’s ground state, some photons will be reflected. Looking at the number of photons transmitted through the cavity there will two peaks corresponding to the two different qubit stat ...
chemistry
... 51 Draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for an atom of silicon. [1] Base your answers to questions 52 through 54 on the information below. ...
... 51 Draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for an atom of silicon. [1] Base your answers to questions 52 through 54 on the information below. ...
X-ray fluorescence
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic ""secondary"" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis, particularly in the investigation of metals, glass, ceramics and building materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic science and archaeology.