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no 21, pygrofts garden road, chennai 6
no 21, pygrofts garden road, chennai 6

... HYPEROPIA (FARSIGHTEDNESS) ...
The effect of Under and over Refractive correction of myopia on
The effect of Under and over Refractive correction of myopia on

... obtained from all the subjects who were included in the study. Subjects that had best corrected visual acuity of 6/6 in both eyes and myopia of ≥0.75DS to ≤ 6.00DS were included for this study. Subjects having any binocular vision disorder, ocular pathology, eye movement disorder, contact lens weare ...
Results of Phototherapeutic Keratectomy in the Management of Flap
Results of Phototherapeutic Keratectomy in the Management of Flap

... visual acuity improved significantly from a mean of 20/48 (0.42) before PTK to 20/33 (0.60) after PTK (P ⫽ 0.027; Table 4). Phototherapeutic keratectomy improved BSCVA in 21 of 23 eyes (Figs 5, 6). Uncorrected visual acuity also improved in most patients, although this was not a primary goal of the ...
Corneal Opacity Management
Corneal Opacity Management

... These opacities may still compromise vision by inducing distortions of the corneal curvature. Refraction over a rigid contact lens can be helpful in assessing potential visual acuity and may in itself improve visual acuity. Also corrective glasses can be prescribed. ...
Pitfalls in Intraocuar Pressure Measurement by Goldmann
Pitfalls in Intraocuar Pressure Measurement by Goldmann

... Received for publication May’ 2008 ...
Retained IOL fragment and corneal decompensation after
Retained IOL fragment and corneal decompensation after

... transection with a wire-snare or scissors enables extraction through small incisions. This removal technique also facilitates the creation of small IOL fragments or slivers, especially when multiple passes of the cutting instrument are necessary to complete IOL transection. In our patient, it is unl ...
Poster Session/ Cornea surgery, refractive
Poster Session/ Cornea surgery, refractive

... makes it necessary to compare WF and CT changes before and after the surgery. The goal is to estimate precision of the eye WF and CT measurements and to find out to what degree changes in corneal anterior surface are responsible for the changes in WF aberrations Methods: We perform a statistical ana ...
LASIK for Hyperopia Using an Aberration
LASIK for Hyperopia Using an Aberration

... The induction of HOAs after hyperopic LASIK is well documented. For example, Llorente et al.25 found that ocular HOAs increased by a factor of 2.20 and corneal HOAs increased by a factor 1.78 postoperatively. Nanba et al.26 found that both corneal coma-like aberrations at 6 mm and corneal spherical- ...
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in post-laser in situ
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in post-laser in situ

... highly indicative of keratoconus.2–6 From these studies, it is clear that LASIK was performed in a cornea with preexisting FFK. However, there are other reports in which Bowman’s lamina had no structural changes consistent with keratoconus,4–7 similar to the case that we present (Figure 1, D). It is ...
Screening for abnormal levels of hyperopia in held refractor
Screening for abnormal levels of hyperopia in held refractor

... Aims—High hyperopia constitutes the majority of refractive errors in large scale visual screening at preschool ages. The authors aimed to assess the validity of the Retinomax hand held refractor to detect high hyperopia in a refractive screening performed without cycloplegia and carried out on child ...
The Promise of Refractive Surgery: A Promise Not Kept
The Promise of Refractive Surgery: A Promise Not Kept

... numbers of procedures. The accuracy, breadth, and depth of the information used to move patients to a decision have been deficient. Concerns and knowledge on both outcomes and complications by the medical community have not been fully disclosed to an unsuspecting public. This is unacceptable as thes ...
ID_3865_Medical and pharmaceutical com_English_sem_8
ID_3865_Medical and pharmaceutical com_English_sem_8

... Give a complete definition of commodity science: The scientific discipline which studies consumer costs of the goods and gives set of knowledge of the goods as a trade subject, about its quality and consumer value A science about work of products Scientific discipline which studies consumer costs of ...
Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy for Corneal Dystrophies
Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy for Corneal Dystrophies

... e.g. 15% of a 500-micron cornea is 75 microns. At the laser, the optometrist can ablate about two-thirds of the depth estimated pre-operatively, in this case, 50 microns. At this point, the patient is examined sitting up at a slit lamp to see the effect of the ablation on the corneal opacity. Occasi ...
Femtosecond Laser versus Mechanical Microkeratome for LASIK
Femtosecond Laser versus Mechanical Microkeratome for LASIK

... safer than mechanical microkeratomes with more predictable flap parameters.1 Corneal haze after refractive surgery is typically associated with surface photoablation4 and rarely with LASIK.5 Our clinical and confocal microscopy6 observations suggest that corneas treated with the femtosecond laser ma ...
Special Cases For CL
Special Cases For CL

...  When we select a patient for soft toric lens fitting it is usually because they have low to moderate amounts of refractive cylinder in their prescription. When we examine the amounts of cylinder available in standard toric lenses, it usually falls between -0.75 and -1.75 diopters. Custom soft tori ...
Refractive error blindness - World Health Organization
Refractive error blindness - World Health Organization

... that this needs to be reconsidered. For example, in a population-based study in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, 0.06% of the population was blind due to refractive-error-related amblyopia (7). These data suggest that in the study population, 20% of those who had a high enough refractive error to ...
The role of therapeutic contact lenses in corneal wound healing
The role of therapeutic contact lenses in corneal wound healing

... limbal epithelium should be avoided as this is where the limbal stem cells are situated. The required ablation depth is as little as 2-3µm which equates to approximately 10-12 laser pulses, lasting no more than a few seconds. When treating an axial area, the eye must be kept still during ablation to ...
Postrefractive surgery dry eye
Postrefractive surgery dry eye

... 1040-8738 ! 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
Orthokeratology review and update
Orthokeratology review and update

... changes in OK lens designs, materials and wearing regimens over the past 35 years, this early definition remains valid. In this article, I review the history of OK and the reasons for the recent reawakening of interest in this modality. The clinical efficacy of modern overnight OK in terms of myopic ...
Comparison of Custom Ablation and Conventional
Comparison of Custom Ablation and Conventional

... conventional treatments.1 Likewise, Kim and colleagues found no difference in visual acuity between conventional and custom ablation treatments.2 A prospective, randomized study of 24 eyes with a similar range of refractive error as ours found no statistically significant differences in safety or ef ...
Taking the Mystery Out of Refraction "A Basic Overview" - ABO-NCLE
Taking the Mystery Out of Refraction "A Basic Overview" - ABO-NCLE

... -1The basic goal of refraction is to focus light rays from optical infinity on the retina through the application of corrective lenses placed in front of the eye. To restate that in functional terms, one could say that the refractionist's main goal is to provide lenses that will allow not only clea ...
Ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia and photophobia syndrome (IFAP):
Ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia and photophobia syndrome (IFAP):

... The ocular findings are photophobia, corneal scars, punctate keratopathy, corneal erosion, allergic keratoconjunctivitis, superficial and deep corneal neovascularization, horizontal nystagmus, and myopia(1,5-6). Myopia appears to be caused by deprivation of the adequate growth of the eyeball(1,6). C ...
Observations on the effects of form deprivation on the
Observations on the effects of form deprivation on the

... Wiesel and Raviola1 have also been included in Figure 1. Only data for monkeys which were deprived during the first 2 years of life are shown. The filled symbols in the data from the study by von Noorden and Crawford2 represent animals which had undergone reverse-suture procedures. This reverse-sutu ...
The cornea
The cornea

... endothelial cell layer is inserted onto the back surface of the patient’s cornea  can be performed with topical anesthesia and small incisions  no stitching is required ...
Percentage Thickness Increase and Absolute Difference from
Percentage Thickness Increase and Absolute Difference from

... the same despite the large range in minimum corneal thickness from 450 to 650 µm in the population. This result seems to show that the cornea is biologically programmed to have a specific thickness progression regardless of the minimum central corneal thickness. If percentage thickness increase (PTI ...
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