Atrial Fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
... nightmare in a young person that has an accessory pathway (AP) with fast anterograde conduction. It may be life-threatening if an extremely rapid ventricular response develops degenerating into ventricular fibrillation. Therefore, it is very important to know the mechanisms involved in the developme ...
... nightmare in a young person that has an accessory pathway (AP) with fast anterograde conduction. It may be life-threatening if an extremely rapid ventricular response develops degenerating into ventricular fibrillation. Therefore, it is very important to know the mechanisms involved in the developme ...
a sample of the book
... Within each chapter, each topic begins with a definition and description to explain any issues needed to further its clarification. This is followed by the section Resources for Further Information, which includes, if available and as current as possible, books; brochures, booklets, and other short ...
... Within each chapter, each topic begins with a definition and description to explain any issues needed to further its clarification. This is followed by the section Resources for Further Information, which includes, if available and as current as possible, books; brochures, booklets, and other short ...
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia with concurrent aplasia of the
... of hemorrhage (Fig. 1b). Through this defect the viscera from the abdominal cavity, including the small intestine loops, the cecum, ascending colon, spleen and the part of the liver (mainly the enlarged quadrate lobe) were displaced cranially in the thorax. No hernial sac was identified in the thora ...
... of hemorrhage (Fig. 1b). Through this defect the viscera from the abdominal cavity, including the small intestine loops, the cecum, ascending colon, spleen and the part of the liver (mainly the enlarged quadrate lobe) were displaced cranially in the thorax. No hernial sac was identified in the thora ...
Name of presentation
... Case #3 – 5 year old Maltese • continuous murmur is heard loudest at the left axilla ...
... Case #3 – 5 year old Maltese • continuous murmur is heard loudest at the left axilla ...
Aneurysms of the Sinuses of Valsalva
... of a large SVA and the gradual progression of a small perforation. Acute, large rupture may present with dramatic onset of marked substernal chest pain, upper abdominal pain or severe dyspnea with sudden hemodynamic collapse. Symptoms often follow physical stress, with acute dyspnea and chest pain d ...
... of a large SVA and the gradual progression of a small perforation. Acute, large rupture may present with dramatic onset of marked substernal chest pain, upper abdominal pain or severe dyspnea with sudden hemodynamic collapse. Symptoms often follow physical stress, with acute dyspnea and chest pain d ...
Echocardiographic Assessment of Ventricular Systolic Function
... and acyanotic. His jugular venous pressure was elevated and inspiratory crackles were heard halfway up both lung fields posteriorly. His chest X-ray showed signs of pulmonary edema with enlarged cardiac silhouette. Echocardiographic ...
... and acyanotic. His jugular venous pressure was elevated and inspiratory crackles were heard halfway up both lung fields posteriorly. His chest X-ray showed signs of pulmonary edema with enlarged cardiac silhouette. Echocardiographic ...
Invasive Hemodynamic Characteristics of Low Gradient
... ⬍1.0 cm2 and mean gradient ⬍40 mm Hg, despite preserved LVEF, has been suggested” (1). Low gradient severe aortic stenosis despite preserved ejection fraction has sometimes been called “paradoxic.” Because both orifice area and gradients are in clinical practice usually derived from echocardiography ...
... ⬍1.0 cm2 and mean gradient ⬍40 mm Hg, despite preserved LVEF, has been suggested” (1). Low gradient severe aortic stenosis despite preserved ejection fraction has sometimes been called “paradoxic.” Because both orifice area and gradients are in clinical practice usually derived from echocardiography ...
Acute Right Atrial and Ventricular Infarction
... necrosis to the myocardium of the right atrial wall, a situation that is not uncommon in patients with right ventricular infarction, with substantial hemodynamic deterioration and proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery. A group of patients exists in whom, despite complete occlusion of the r ...
... necrosis to the myocardium of the right atrial wall, a situation that is not uncommon in patients with right ventricular infarction, with substantial hemodynamic deterioration and proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery. A group of patients exists in whom, despite complete occlusion of the r ...
life with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
... a gene mutation leads to the disorganised arrangement of heart muscle cells (as shown on page 12). The genetic mutation responsible for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is present at birth. However, the condition is not usually diagnosed at this early stage or even in infancy. Hypertrophy usually develop ...
... a gene mutation leads to the disorganised arrangement of heart muscle cells (as shown on page 12). The genetic mutation responsible for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is present at birth. However, the condition is not usually diagnosed at this early stage or even in infancy. Hypertrophy usually develop ...
AHEART July 46/1 - AJP
... delays the onset and slows down the rate of relaxation, whereas an increase in afterload late in systole abbreviates contraction time and increases the rate of relaxation (5). In isolated heart studies, interventions designed to increase afterload immediately after aortic valve opening increased the ...
... delays the onset and slows down the rate of relaxation, whereas an increase in afterload late in systole abbreviates contraction time and increases the rate of relaxation (5). In isolated heart studies, interventions designed to increase afterload immediately after aortic valve opening increased the ...
The Role Of Renin Angiotensin System In Atrial Fibrillation
... processes in humans.22 Systemic hypertension and heart failure are the most important risk factors associated with the development of AF.3,6,23,24 The activation of RAS plays an integral part in the neurohumoral processes leading to changes seen in systemic hypertension and heart failure. There is s ...
... processes in humans.22 Systemic hypertension and heart failure are the most important risk factors associated with the development of AF.3,6,23,24 The activation of RAS plays an integral part in the neurohumoral processes leading to changes seen in systemic hypertension and heart failure. There is s ...
Role of catheter-induced mechanical trauma in localization of target
... was considered as the ideal atrial ablation site (Fig. 1). To locate right-sided ablation sites, two steerable catheters were used. Once the first catheter identified a site of early atrial activation, it was left in place and used as a reference, while the second catheter was moved until an earlier ...
... was considered as the ideal atrial ablation site (Fig. 1). To locate right-sided ablation sites, two steerable catheters were used. Once the first catheter identified a site of early atrial activation, it was left in place and used as a reference, while the second catheter was moved until an earlier ...
Atrioventricular Conduction in Atrial Fibrillation: Pathophysiology
... cardiomyopathy. It is important to recognize this condition, in which heart failure is a consequence rather than the cause of AF as control of the ventricular rate may lead to reversal of the myopathic process (Grogan et al., 1992). The time and heart rate required to develop tachycardia-induced car ...
... cardiomyopathy. It is important to recognize this condition, in which heart failure is a consequence rather than the cause of AF as control of the ventricular rate may lead to reversal of the myopathic process (Grogan et al., 1992). The time and heart rate required to develop tachycardia-induced car ...
Extension of a finite element model of left ventricular mechanics with
... (RV) pumps the blood into pulmonary circulation, while the left ventricle (LV) pumps the blood into the systemic circulation. The global function of the heart finds its origin in the co-operative action of the contracting muscle fibres in the cardiac wall. To study the relation between mechanics at ...
... (RV) pumps the blood into pulmonary circulation, while the left ventricle (LV) pumps the blood into the systemic circulation. The global function of the heart finds its origin in the co-operative action of the contracting muscle fibres in the cardiac wall. To study the relation between mechanics at ...
The Fontan circulation after 45 years: update in
... preload of the Fontan ventricle is rarely possible and then only in few selected patients. ...
... preload of the Fontan ventricle is rarely possible and then only in few selected patients. ...
Redefining the Blanking Period After Catheter Ablation for
... Congestive heart failure, hypertension, an age of ≥75 years, and diabetes mellitus are each assigned 1 point, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack is assigned 2 points; the score is calculated by summing all the points for a given patient. ...
... Congestive heart failure, hypertension, an age of ≥75 years, and diabetes mellitus are each assigned 1 point, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack is assigned 2 points; the score is calculated by summing all the points for a given patient. ...
Pulmonary Vascular Diseases
... markers such as right atrial pressure, cardiac output, and mean PAP.8 Importantly, this procedure has been shown to be safe, with no deaths reported in the National Institutes of Health registry study8 and a recent study showing a procedure-related mortality of 0.055%.9 Right heart catheterization d ...
... markers such as right atrial pressure, cardiac output, and mean PAP.8 Importantly, this procedure has been shown to be safe, with no deaths reported in the National Institutes of Health registry study8 and a recent study showing a procedure-related mortality of 0.055%.9 Right heart catheterization d ...
Epidemiology and Etiology of Congenital Heart Diseases
... failure prior to diagnosis and treatment. Early detection of CHD in the fetus or in the asymptomatic period immediately after birth will reduce clinical deterioration by instigation of appropriate management of the disease. Technical improvements in sonographic systems during the past two decades ha ...
... failure prior to diagnosis and treatment. Early detection of CHD in the fetus or in the asymptomatic period immediately after birth will reduce clinical deterioration by instigation of appropriate management of the disease. Technical improvements in sonographic systems during the past two decades ha ...
Left Ventricular Untwisting Is an Important Determinant of Early
... measures of LV pressure that indexes of untwisting are related to parameters of early diastolic filling but not events happening later in diastole. Reductions in the rate and magnitude of untwisting were associated with worsening of diastolic relaxation and reduced early diastolic suction. These fin ...
... measures of LV pressure that indexes of untwisting are related to parameters of early diastolic filling but not events happening later in diastole. Reductions in the rate and magnitude of untwisting were associated with worsening of diastolic relaxation and reduced early diastolic suction. These fin ...
Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm with Rupturing into the Right Atrium ¾ A
... left sinus is rare.2,12 Most right sinus of Valsalva aneurysms rupture into the right ventricle (86.7%),2 or into the right atrium. Patients may remain asymptomatic for several years even if the sinus of Valsalva aneurysms has ruptured. However, dyspnea and exercise intolerance may develop because o ...
... left sinus is rare.2,12 Most right sinus of Valsalva aneurysms rupture into the right ventricle (86.7%),2 or into the right atrium. Patients may remain asymptomatic for several years even if the sinus of Valsalva aneurysms has ruptured. However, dyspnea and exercise intolerance may develop because o ...
Questions Remaining About the Surgical Correction of Tetralogy of
... recent surgical series have reported successful outcomes with a mortality rate <5%, with a tendency for the procedure to be performed at younger and younger ages. However, along with this spectacular improvement in the surgical results that has been achieved in the last decade, there has been a grow ...
... recent surgical series have reported successful outcomes with a mortality rate <5%, with a tendency for the procedure to be performed at younger and younger ages. However, along with this spectacular improvement in the surgical results that has been achieved in the last decade, there has been a grow ...
Translating Novel Imaging Technologies Into Clinical Applications
... demonstrated, with severe aortic valve calcification demonstrating a strong association with increased all-cause mortality, over and above traditional predictors of outcome in aortic stenosis (Figure 2). Of note, aortic valve replacement was an independent predictor of improved survival in patients ...
... demonstrated, with severe aortic valve calcification demonstrating a strong association with increased all-cause mortality, over and above traditional predictors of outcome in aortic stenosis (Figure 2). Of note, aortic valve replacement was an independent predictor of improved survival in patients ...
insight review articles
... pulses per minute in the absence of drug therapy. In normal individuals, a brief period of AF may cause palpitations, chest discomfort and light-headedness. Sustained AF with an uncontrolled ventricular response rate can, by itself, cause severe CHF after several weeks to months, but this is reversi ...
... pulses per minute in the absence of drug therapy. In normal individuals, a brief period of AF may cause palpitations, chest discomfort and light-headedness. Sustained AF with an uncontrolled ventricular response rate can, by itself, cause severe CHF after several weeks to months, but this is reversi ...
ACC/AHA Guideline
... Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee in August 2008. The American Heart Association requests that this document be cited as follows: Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, Child JS, Connolly HM, Dearani JA, del Nido P, Fasules JW, Graham TP Jr, Hijazi ZM, Hunt SA, King ME, Landzberg ...
... Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee in August 2008. The American Heart Association requests that this document be cited as follows: Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, Child JS, Connolly HM, Dearani JA, del Nido P, Fasules JW, Graham TP Jr, Hijazi ZM, Hunt SA, King ME, Landzberg ...
The Fontan circulation after 45 years: update in physiology
... preload of the Fontan ventricle is rarely possible and then only in few selected patients. ...
... preload of the Fontan ventricle is rarely possible and then only in few selected patients. ...
Lutembacher's syndrome
Lutembacher's syndrome is a form of congenital heart disease. Lutembacher's syndrome was first described by a French cardiologist by the name of Rene' Lutembacher (1884–1968) of Paris, France in 1916. Lutembacher syndrome is a rare disease that affects one of the chambers of the heart as well as a valve of the heart. Lutembacher's syndrome is known to affect females more often than males. Lutembacher is an extremely rare disease. Lutembacher's can affect children or adults; the person can either be born with the disorder or develop it later in life.Lutembacher affects more specifically the atria of the heart and the mitral or biscupid valve. The disorder itself is known more specifically as both congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) and acquired mitral stenosis (MS). Congenital (at birth) atrial septal defect refers to a hole being in the septum or wall that separates the two atria; this condition is usually seen in fetuses and infants. Mitral stenosis refers to mitral valve leaflets (or valve flaps) sticking to each other making the opening for blood to pass from the atrium to the ventricles very small. With the valve being so small, blood has difficulty passing through the left atrium into the left ventricle. There are several types of septal defects that may occur with Lutembacher's syndrome: ASD Ostium Secundum or ASD (Primium); Ostium Secundum is the most prevalent.Lutembacher is caused indirectly as the result of heart damage or disorders and not something that is necessarily infectious. Lutembacher's syndrome is caused by either birth defects where the heart fails to close all holes in the walls between the atria or from an episode of rheumatic fever where damage is done to the heart valves such as the mitral valve and resultant in an opening of heart wall between atria. With Lutembacher's syndrome, a fetus or infant is usually seen to have a hole in their heart wall (interatrial) separating their right and left atria. Normally during fetal development, blood bypasses the lungs and is oxygenated from the placenta. Blood passes from the umbilical cord and flows into the left atrium through an opening called the foramen ovale; the formaen ovale is a hole between the two atria. Once a baby is born and the lungs begin to fill with air and the blood flow of the heart changes, a tissue flap (somewhat like a trap door) called the septum primium closes the foramen ovale or hole between the two atria and becomes part of the atrial wall. The failure of the hole between the two atria to close after birth leads to a disorder called ASD primium. The most common problems with an opening found in the heart with Lutembacher's syndrome is Ostium Secundum. Ostium Secundum is a hole that is found within the flap of tissue (septum primium) that will eventually close the hole between the two atria after birth. With either type of ASD, ASD will usually cause the blood flow from the right atrium to skip going to the right ventricle and instead flow to the left atrium. If mitral stenosis (the hardening of flap of tissue known as a valve which opens and closes between the left atrium and ventricle to control blood flow) is also present, blood will flow into the right atrium through the hole between the atria wall instead of flowing into the left ventricle and systemic circulation. Eventually this leads to other problems such as the right ventricle failing and a reduced blood flow to the left ventricle.In addition to the ASD, acquired MS can be present either from an episode of rheumatic fever (the mother has or had rheumatic fever during the pregnancy) or the child being born with the disorder (congenital MS). With the combination of both ASD and MS, the heart can be under severe strain as it tries to move blood throughout the heart and lungs. To correct Lutembacher's syndrome, surgery is often done. There are several types of surgeries depending on the cause of Lutembacher's syndrome(ASD Primium or ASD Ostium Secundum with Mitral Stenosis): Suturing (stitching) or placing a patch of tissue (similar to skin grafting) over the hole to completely close the opening Reconstructing of the mitral and tricuspid valve while patching any holes in the heart Device closure of ASD (e.g. Amplatzer umbrella or CardioSEAL to seal the hole Percutaneous transcatheter therapy Transcatheter therapy of balloon valvuloplasty to correct MS↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 ↑ ↑ ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 ↑