Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by
... severely abnormal, which reflect the degree to which measurements deviate from normal. In addition to providing normative data, it would be beneficial to standardize cutoffs for severity of abnormality for all parameters across echocardiography laboratories, such that the term moderately abnormal, f ...
... severely abnormal, which reflect the degree to which measurements deviate from normal. In addition to providing normative data, it would be beneficial to standardize cutoffs for severity of abnormality for all parameters across echocardiography laboratories, such that the term moderately abnormal, f ...
Atrial Fibrillation: Diagnosis and Treatment
... For example, valvular atrial fibrillation, which is caused by structural changes in the mitral valve or congenital heart disease, carries the highest risk of stroke (i.e., 17 times that of the general population and five times the risk of stroke with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation).6 Secondary atri ...
... For example, valvular atrial fibrillation, which is caused by structural changes in the mitral valve or congenital heart disease, carries the highest risk of stroke (i.e., 17 times that of the general population and five times the risk of stroke with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation).6 Secondary atri ...
Success of Surgical Left Atrial Appendage Closure
... LAA ligation frequently is incomplete. Of 50 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery and LAA ligation by running suture technique, 18 (36%) had incomplete ligation detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The incomplete ligation was characterized as the presence of persistent color fl ...
... LAA ligation frequently is incomplete. Of 50 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery and LAA ligation by running suture technique, 18 (36%) had incomplete ligation detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The incomplete ligation was characterized as the presence of persistent color fl ...
Imaging for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
... motion and effective valve area without commissural fusion. A congenital malformation of the valve, most commonly the bicuspid aortic valve, may also result in stenosis and is more common in young adults. AS is a disease continuum with no single value that defines severity, therefore it is graded on ...
... motion and effective valve area without commissural fusion. A congenital malformation of the valve, most commonly the bicuspid aortic valve, may also result in stenosis and is more common in young adults. AS is a disease continuum with no single value that defines severity, therefore it is graded on ...
Cardiac Pacing Site Optimization
... rate. In patients with sick sinus syndrome, periods of sinus arrest, and a normally functioning AV node, synchronization between the atria and ventricles can easily be accomplished by using atrial leads (FIGURE 2). For patients with AV nodal disease, AV synchrony can be maintained by using dual-lead ...
... rate. In patients with sick sinus syndrome, periods of sinus arrest, and a normally functioning AV node, synchronization between the atria and ventricles can easily be accomplished by using atrial leads (FIGURE 2). For patients with AV nodal disease, AV synchrony can be maintained by using dual-lead ...
Chapter 14 - Supraventricular Arrhythmias, Part I: Premature Beats
... Figure 14-4. Sinus rhythm with atrial bigeminy. Each sinus beat is coupled to an atrial premature (early) beat followed by a slight postectopic pause. This sequence is one of the causes of group beating pattern and must be distinguished from second-degree atrioventricular (AV) heart block in which t ...
... Figure 14-4. Sinus rhythm with atrial bigeminy. Each sinus beat is coupled to an atrial premature (early) beat followed by a slight postectopic pause. This sequence is one of the causes of group beating pattern and must be distinguished from second-degree atrioventricular (AV) heart block in which t ...
Right ventricular aneurysm with - Heart
... myocardial infarction. Arrhythmias happen some- No abnormal cardiac pulsations were noted on the chest times as complications of left ventricular aneurysm, wall. On auscultation, the second heart sound split and aneurysmectomy for the control of these normally during inspiration and no significant m ...
... myocardial infarction. Arrhythmias happen some- No abnormal cardiac pulsations were noted on the chest times as complications of left ventricular aneurysm, wall. On auscultation, the second heart sound split and aneurysmectomy for the control of these normally during inspiration and no significant m ...
Temporary Pacemakers
... Dislodged, loose, fibrotic, or fractured electrode Electrolyte abnormalities Low battery Malfunction of pacemaker or bridging cable ...
... Dislodged, loose, fibrotic, or fractured electrode Electrolyte abnormalities Low battery Malfunction of pacemaker or bridging cable ...
Temporary Pacemakers
... Dislodged, loose, fibrotic, or fractured electrode Electrolyte abnormalities Low battery Malfunction of pacemaker or bridging cable ...
... Dislodged, loose, fibrotic, or fractured electrode Electrolyte abnormalities Low battery Malfunction of pacemaker or bridging cable ...
Recommendations for interpretation of 12
... The higher prevalence of normal ECG patterns in female athletes is likely due to several factors, including the mild morphological LV changes induced by training in women and their lower participation rates in certain disciplines (such as rowing/canoeing) that have a substantial impact on ECG patter ...
... The higher prevalence of normal ECG patterns in female athletes is likely due to several factors, including the mild morphological LV changes induced by training in women and their lower participation rates in certain disciplines (such as rowing/canoeing) that have a substantial impact on ECG patter ...
The Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: The Road to Septal Pacing
... arrhythmia commonly originates high in the septal aspect of the RVOT, just below the pulmonary valve, it can arise from a focus anywhere within the outflow tract. These foci produce characteristic patterns on the ECG depending on the site of origin within the RVOT. These patterns can be reproduced b ...
... arrhythmia commonly originates high in the septal aspect of the RVOT, just below the pulmonary valve, it can arise from a focus anywhere within the outflow tract. These foci produce characteristic patterns on the ECG depending on the site of origin within the RVOT. These patterns can be reproduced b ...
A Rare Case of Congenital Coronary Artery Fistula Evaluated by
... fistula, blood flow within the fistula and its communication with right atrium. Coronary artery fistulas are among the rare anomalies of coronary arteries. Role of angiography is well established in identification and characterization of these anomalies, however their accurate course and termination ...
... fistula, blood flow within the fistula and its communication with right atrium. Coronary artery fistulas are among the rare anomalies of coronary arteries. Role of angiography is well established in identification and characterization of these anomalies, however their accurate course and termination ...
Tricuspid Valve Repair for Treatment and Prevention of Secondary
... regurgitation occurring after mitral valve surgery A substantial rise in mortality and morbidity is associated with severe tricuspid regurgitation occurring after mitral valve surgery. The early mortality, long-term survival, freedom from heart failure, and functional outcome are all significantly w ...
... regurgitation occurring after mitral valve surgery A substantial rise in mortality and morbidity is associated with severe tricuspid regurgitation occurring after mitral valve surgery. The early mortality, long-term survival, freedom from heart failure, and functional outcome are all significantly w ...
Indications and Guidelines for Performance of
... ventricular systolic function and size.16,17 Previous authors have addressed the utility and importance of intraoperative TEE in patients with congenital cardiac abnormalities.1-9,18,19 Performance of TEE in the patient with CHD immediately after surgery, but before chest closure, has been a contrib ...
... ventricular systolic function and size.16,17 Previous authors have addressed the utility and importance of intraoperative TEE in patients with congenital cardiac abnormalities.1-9,18,19 Performance of TEE in the patient with CHD immediately after surgery, but before chest closure, has been a contrib ...
Percutaneous closure should be performed in all
... This syndrome is rare and difficult to understand; patients develop dyspnea and arterial unsaturation in the upright position. (12, 13) This condition is caused by the orthostatic stress of a right to left shunting through an atrial septal defect, usually a PFO. This syndrome occurs in patients with ...
... This syndrome is rare and difficult to understand; patients develop dyspnea and arterial unsaturation in the upright position. (12, 13) This condition is caused by the orthostatic stress of a right to left shunting through an atrial septal defect, usually a PFO. This syndrome occurs in patients with ...
Stenting the neonatal arterial duct
... whole duct. The chosen stent length is thus slightly longer than 18-mm stent will be used in a mature neonate. the length of the duct. Determining stent length is usually relaA stented duct is comparable with a central shunt where all tively easy in cases with short, straight ducts, but it may be a ...
... whole duct. The chosen stent length is thus slightly longer than 18-mm stent will be used in a mature neonate. the length of the duct. Determining stent length is usually relaA stented duct is comparable with a central shunt where all tively easy in cases with short, straight ducts, but it may be a ...
Congestive heart failure
... Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. ...
... Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. ...
ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with
... Patients With Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:1486–588. Address for reprints: A single reprint of this document (the complete Guidelines) is available by calling 800-253-4636 (US only) or writing the American College of Cardiology, Educational Services, 9111 Old Georgetown Road, ...
... Patients With Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:1486–588. Address for reprints: A single reprint of this document (the complete Guidelines) is available by calling 800-253-4636 (US only) or writing the American College of Cardiology, Educational Services, 9111 Old Georgetown Road, ...
The coronary circulation of the pig heart: comparison with the human
... shorter than the interventricular paraconal branch. Initially covered by the left auricle, the left circumflex branch followed the coronary groove caudally and crossed the left ventricular border to reach the atrial surface of the heart. Along its course, it gave off several branches and ended close ...
... shorter than the interventricular paraconal branch. Initially covered by the left auricle, the left circumflex branch followed the coronary groove caudally and crossed the left ventricular border to reach the atrial surface of the heart. Along its course, it gave off several branches and ended close ...
ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular
... Patients With Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:1486–588. Address for reprints: A single reprint of this document (the complete Guidelines) is available by calling 800-253-4636 (US only) or writing the American College of Cardiology, Educational Services, 9111 Old Georgetown Road, ...
... Patients With Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:1486–588. Address for reprints: A single reprint of this document (the complete Guidelines) is available by calling 800-253-4636 (US only) or writing the American College of Cardiology, Educational Services, 9111 Old Georgetown Road, ...
Aortic Aneurysm Guide
... © 2000-2009 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All rights reserved. Rev. 10/09 ...
... © 2000-2009 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All rights reserved. Rev. 10/09 ...
Right Atrial Volume Index in Chronic Systolic Heart Failure and
... Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania) machines. Twodimensional and color Doppler imaging were performed in standard parasternal and apical views. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic indexes were acquired as previously outlined in the ADEPT trial (9). All images were stored on magneto-optical disc and wer ...
... Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania) machines. Twodimensional and color Doppler imaging were performed in standard parasternal and apical views. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic indexes were acquired as previously outlined in the ADEPT trial (9). All images were stored on magneto-optical disc and wer ...
Systemic venous drainage: can we help Newton? - Area-c54
... correlated with the morphological and functional characteristics of the patient. The most important morphological elements to be considered are the body weight and the body surface area. The size of the right atrium and, therefore, the blood volume ready available for the venous drainage is importan ...
... correlated with the morphological and functional characteristics of the patient. The most important morphological elements to be considered are the body weight and the body surface area. The size of the right atrium and, therefore, the blood volume ready available for the venous drainage is importan ...
Left Ventricle Assessment-Ejection Fraction and Stroke Volume
... cardioascular diseases, accounting for 30% of all deaths. Of these deaths, an estimated 7.3 million that occurred from coronary heart disease and 6.2 million have occurred by AVC [1]. In Europe the most common cause of aortic valve disease is ‘calcific degenerative disease’ and 2% of the population h ...
... cardioascular diseases, accounting for 30% of all deaths. Of these deaths, an estimated 7.3 million that occurred from coronary heart disease and 6.2 million have occurred by AVC [1]. In Europe the most common cause of aortic valve disease is ‘calcific degenerative disease’ and 2% of the population h ...
Lutembacher's syndrome
Lutembacher's syndrome is a form of congenital heart disease. Lutembacher's syndrome was first described by a French cardiologist by the name of Rene' Lutembacher (1884–1968) of Paris, France in 1916. Lutembacher syndrome is a rare disease that affects one of the chambers of the heart as well as a valve of the heart. Lutembacher's syndrome is known to affect females more often than males. Lutembacher is an extremely rare disease. Lutembacher's can affect children or adults; the person can either be born with the disorder or develop it later in life.Lutembacher affects more specifically the atria of the heart and the mitral or biscupid valve. The disorder itself is known more specifically as both congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) and acquired mitral stenosis (MS). Congenital (at birth) atrial septal defect refers to a hole being in the septum or wall that separates the two atria; this condition is usually seen in fetuses and infants. Mitral stenosis refers to mitral valve leaflets (or valve flaps) sticking to each other making the opening for blood to pass from the atrium to the ventricles very small. With the valve being so small, blood has difficulty passing through the left atrium into the left ventricle. There are several types of septal defects that may occur with Lutembacher's syndrome: ASD Ostium Secundum or ASD (Primium); Ostium Secundum is the most prevalent.Lutembacher is caused indirectly as the result of heart damage or disorders and not something that is necessarily infectious. Lutembacher's syndrome is caused by either birth defects where the heart fails to close all holes in the walls between the atria or from an episode of rheumatic fever where damage is done to the heart valves such as the mitral valve and resultant in an opening of heart wall between atria. With Lutembacher's syndrome, a fetus or infant is usually seen to have a hole in their heart wall (interatrial) separating their right and left atria. Normally during fetal development, blood bypasses the lungs and is oxygenated from the placenta. Blood passes from the umbilical cord and flows into the left atrium through an opening called the foramen ovale; the formaen ovale is a hole between the two atria. Once a baby is born and the lungs begin to fill with air and the blood flow of the heart changes, a tissue flap (somewhat like a trap door) called the septum primium closes the foramen ovale or hole between the two atria and becomes part of the atrial wall. The failure of the hole between the two atria to close after birth leads to a disorder called ASD primium. The most common problems with an opening found in the heart with Lutembacher's syndrome is Ostium Secundum. Ostium Secundum is a hole that is found within the flap of tissue (septum primium) that will eventually close the hole between the two atria after birth. With either type of ASD, ASD will usually cause the blood flow from the right atrium to skip going to the right ventricle and instead flow to the left atrium. If mitral stenosis (the hardening of flap of tissue known as a valve which opens and closes between the left atrium and ventricle to control blood flow) is also present, blood will flow into the right atrium through the hole between the atria wall instead of flowing into the left ventricle and systemic circulation. Eventually this leads to other problems such as the right ventricle failing and a reduced blood flow to the left ventricle.In addition to the ASD, acquired MS can be present either from an episode of rheumatic fever (the mother has or had rheumatic fever during the pregnancy) or the child being born with the disorder (congenital MS). With the combination of both ASD and MS, the heart can be under severe strain as it tries to move blood throughout the heart and lungs. To correct Lutembacher's syndrome, surgery is often done. There are several types of surgeries depending on the cause of Lutembacher's syndrome(ASD Primium or ASD Ostium Secundum with Mitral Stenosis): Suturing (stitching) or placing a patch of tissue (similar to skin grafting) over the hole to completely close the opening Reconstructing of the mitral and tricuspid valve while patching any holes in the heart Device closure of ASD (e.g. Amplatzer umbrella or CardioSEAL to seal the hole Percutaneous transcatheter therapy Transcatheter therapy of balloon valvuloplasty to correct MS↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 ↑ ↑ ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 ↑