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BIO_130_132_Test_Questions_files/Bio 132 test 3
BIO_130_132_Test_Questions_files/Bio 132 test 3

... a. pulmonary vein b. pulmonary artery c. inferior vena cava d. superior vena cava e. all of the above carry oxygenated blood ...
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... o Big variation between ethnic groups in rates of type II. China has less than 2 percent and Pima Indians having 50%. Symptoms are not always recognized so all people not diagnosed. Symptoms include: elevated levels of blood glucose, glucose in urine, dehydration and thirst resulting from excretion ...
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S0735109705017687_mmc1

... infarction without serious comorbidity with high-risk indicators: (a) recurrent angina/ischemia at rest or with low-level activities despite intensive anti-ischemic therapy; (b) elevated TnT or TnI; (c) new or presumably new ST-segment depression; (d) recurrent angina/ischemia with congestive heart ...
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... 11. The Frank-Starling law states that the greater the diastolic volume of the heart, the greater the contraction. A. The force of myocardial contraction is proportional to the rate of cross-bridge formation between actin and myosin filaments, which is influenced by the sarcomere length. Two theorie ...
Cardiovascular Physiology
Cardiovascular Physiology

... • Venous BP alone is too low to promote adequate blood return and is aided by the: • Respiratory “pump” – pressure changes created during breathing suck blood toward the heart by squeezing local veins • Muscular “pump” – contraction of skeletal muscles “milk” blood toward the heart • Valves prevent ...
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Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis - Massachusetts General Hospital

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Congenital Heart Disease - East Bay Newborn Specialists

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NVCC Bio 212 - gserianne.com

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... has both nervous and muscular characteristics. -- this nodal tissue is localized in two areas of the heart: i. The Sinoatrial (SA) Node located in the upper wall of the RA. ii. The Atrioventricular (AV) Node found in the base of the RA near the septum (see fig. 13.6a p. 245 for both). -- the SA Node ...
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Slides - gserianne.com

... Contractility – Increase in force of muscle contraction without a change in starting length of sarcomeres Afterload – Load against which the heart must pump, i.e., pressure in pulmonary artery or aorta ESV – End Systolic Volume; Volume of blood left in heart after it has ejected blood (~50 ml) EDV – ...
Valve Disease – From Bench to Bedside
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... Aspirin 75 mg to 100 mg per day is reasonable in all patients with a bioprosthetic aortic or mitral valve Anticoagulation with a VKA is reasonable for the first 3 months after bioprosthetic MVR or repair to achieve an INR of 2.5 ...
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11.1 in Text, Heart Anatomy and Blood Flow PowerPoint

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

Cardiac Management () - CARE-NMD
Cardiac Management () - CARE-NMD

... • Baseline evaluation of cardiac function at diagnosis or by 6 years at the latest, especially if possible without sedation – Clinical judgement should be used for patients under 6 requiring sedation – Incidence of echocardiograph abnormalities is low in children under 8-10 years, but where they do ...
Consent to Cardiovascular Procedures
Consent to Cardiovascular Procedures

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Myocardial infarction



Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.
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