Syllabus for First professional M
... j. Hypoxia including high altitude physiology and acclimatization, asphyxia, cyanosis, oxygen therapy and toxicity. k. Effects of increased barometric pressure – nitrogen narcosis, high pressure nervous syndrome, decompression sickness (Caissons disease). l. Artificial respiration m. Lung function t ...
... j. Hypoxia including high altitude physiology and acclimatization, asphyxia, cyanosis, oxygen therapy and toxicity. k. Effects of increased barometric pressure – nitrogen narcosis, high pressure nervous syndrome, decompression sickness (Caissons disease). l. Artificial respiration m. Lung function t ...
Nursing care of acute and chronic heart failure
... these deficits and attending to them. In relation to bathing, particular attention should be paid to the skin, in particular to pressure areas such as the heels and sacrum area. A Waterlow Score is undertaken identifying the risk of developing pressure sores and the relevant interventions such as a ...
... these deficits and attending to them. In relation to bathing, particular attention should be paid to the skin, in particular to pressure areas such as the heels and sacrum area. A Waterlow Score is undertaken identifying the risk of developing pressure sores and the relevant interventions such as a ...
Hemodynamic principles - The Trauma Center at Maricopa Medical
... 2. When the inotropic state is augmented, more SW is produced at the same EDV Clinically, this translates into Increased CO & MAP at a given Filling Pressure ! * By increasing intropic state, you increase both Pressure Work & Flow Work - thus, the cost in myocardial oxygen consumption may be high !! ...
... 2. When the inotropic state is augmented, more SW is produced at the same EDV Clinically, this translates into Increased CO & MAP at a given Filling Pressure ! * By increasing intropic state, you increase both Pressure Work & Flow Work - thus, the cost in myocardial oxygen consumption may be high !! ...
Patient information sheet – Ablation of arrhythmias
... Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): There are three main types of supraventricular tachycardias. 1. AVNRT sometimes called AVJRT is the most common type of SVT. This occurs due to there being 2 (or more) rather than the usual one connection within the electrical system of the heart, in the region of ...
... Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): There are three main types of supraventricular tachycardias. 1. AVNRT sometimes called AVJRT is the most common type of SVT. This occurs due to there being 2 (or more) rather than the usual one connection within the electrical system of the heart, in the region of ...
Infections of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
... the symptoms develop more slowly and are less pronounced) – Fever, anemia, abnormal heartbeat – Sometimes symptoms similar to heart attack – Abdominal or side pain may be reported – Petechiae over the upper half of the body and under the fingernails may be present – In subacute cases, may have enlar ...
... the symptoms develop more slowly and are less pronounced) – Fever, anemia, abnormal heartbeat – Sometimes symptoms similar to heart attack – Abdominal or side pain may be reported – Petechiae over the upper half of the body and under the fingernails may be present – In subacute cases, may have enlar ...
1/Gross and Microscopic Anatomy Of The Human Heart
... skeleton,, the main component being the central fibrous body, located at the level of the cardiac valves. Extensions of the central fibrous body surround the heart valves to form the valve rings which support the base of each valve. The valve rings on the left side of the heart surround the mitral a ...
... skeleton,, the main component being the central fibrous body, located at the level of the cardiac valves. Extensions of the central fibrous body surround the heart valves to form the valve rings which support the base of each valve. The valve rings on the left side of the heart surround the mitral a ...
Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
... over time and can lead to irreversible heart damage. AF can also lead to the formation of blood clots inside the heart, which can in turn cause a stroke. In fact, patients with atrial fibrillation are twice as likely to die and five times more likely to suffer a stroke. Medications can alleviate sym ...
... over time and can lead to irreversible heart damage. AF can also lead to the formation of blood clots inside the heart, which can in turn cause a stroke. In fact, patients with atrial fibrillation are twice as likely to die and five times more likely to suffer a stroke. Medications can alleviate sym ...
Blood Vessels and Circulation - Mater Academy Lakes High School
... When the entire heart contracts in a coordinated manner so that blood flows in the correct direction at the proper time 2 types of cells involved: ▪ Contractile Cells ▪ ___________________________________________________________ ▪ Noncontractile Cells ▪ __________________________________________ ...
... When the entire heart contracts in a coordinated manner so that blood flows in the correct direction at the proper time 2 types of cells involved: ▪ Contractile Cells ▪ ___________________________________________________________ ▪ Noncontractile Cells ▪ __________________________________________ ...
Cardiac Output
... Venous O2 = Mixed venous blood VO2 = Oxygen consumption • Fick Principle relies on the total uptake of a substances by peripheral tissue is equal to the product of blood flow to the peripheral tissue and arterial – venous concentration difference of the substances • Fick cardiac outputs are infreque ...
... Venous O2 = Mixed venous blood VO2 = Oxygen consumption • Fick Principle relies on the total uptake of a substances by peripheral tissue is equal to the product of blood flow to the peripheral tissue and arterial – venous concentration difference of the substances • Fick cardiac outputs are infreque ...
Cardiac Cycle: diastole Phase
... sarcomere length (known as preload), and the stretch on the individual fibers is related to the end-diastolic volume of the ventricle. ...
... sarcomere length (known as preload), and the stretch on the individual fibers is related to the end-diastolic volume of the ventricle. ...
Heart Failure
... factors as increased cytokine production, renal insufficiency, and plasma volume overload may contribute to its pathogenesis. It is independently associated with decreased functional capacity, worsening symptoms, and increased mortality.1,2 Anemia confers a risk of death among patients with heart fa ...
... factors as increased cytokine production, renal insufficiency, and plasma volume overload may contribute to its pathogenesis. It is independently associated with decreased functional capacity, worsening symptoms, and increased mortality.1,2 Anemia confers a risk of death among patients with heart fa ...
File
... The heart is a muscular pump. When it beats it pumps blood to the lungs and around the body. The amount of blood pumped can be calculated: heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output These increase when exercising. See the 'Exercise and Training' revision bite for effects of exercise on the circulat ...
... The heart is a muscular pump. When it beats it pumps blood to the lungs and around the body. The amount of blood pumped can be calculated: heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output These increase when exercising. See the 'Exercise and Training' revision bite for effects of exercise on the circulat ...
HANDBOOK2005
... components of the blood. This is an important disease mechanism. For example, when thrombus forms over an atheromatous plaque in a coronary artery, myocardial infarction (a “heart attack”) will often result. An embolus is a mass of material in the vascular system which is able to become lodged withi ...
... components of the blood. This is an important disease mechanism. For example, when thrombus forms over an atheromatous plaque in a coronary artery, myocardial infarction (a “heart attack”) will often result. An embolus is a mass of material in the vascular system which is able to become lodged withi ...
Near-Syncope After Exercise
... A, A pure cardioinhibitory response produces a reflex slowing ofthe heart and may produce sinus arrest or asystole. A fall in systolic bloodpressure typically occurs deriving from and proportional to the extent andduration of the decrease in heart rate. During carotid sinus massage, a positivecardio ...
... A, A pure cardioinhibitory response produces a reflex slowing ofthe heart and may produce sinus arrest or asystole. A fall in systolic bloodpressure typically occurs deriving from and proportional to the extent andduration of the decrease in heart rate. During carotid sinus massage, a positivecardio ...
Advanced
... Your ability to perform right heart catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy and your knowledge of the indications and complications. The Attending will be present for the entire case and question you before, during and after the case. For fellows without an interest in providing this service upon ...
... Your ability to perform right heart catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy and your knowledge of the indications and complications. The Attending will be present for the entire case and question you before, during and after the case. For fellows without an interest in providing this service upon ...
Chapter 08 Cardiovascular System Part A Practice Numeric
... C. two cusps and opens when the right atrium contracts D. three cusps and opens when the right atrium contracts E. two cusps and closes when blood s filling the pulmonary circuit 10. The superior vena cava empties: A. oxygenated blood into the left atrium B. oxygenated blood into the left ventricle ...
... C. two cusps and opens when the right atrium contracts D. three cusps and opens when the right atrium contracts E. two cusps and closes when blood s filling the pulmonary circuit 10. The superior vena cava empties: A. oxygenated blood into the left atrium B. oxygenated blood into the left ventricle ...
cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation
... of pethidine he was given gas, oxygen, and a little cyclopropane. During this minor procedure respiration ceased, and at about the same time the pulse could not be felt. At once the patient was turned on to his back, a midline upper abdominal incision was made, and the cessation of the heart beat co ...
... of pethidine he was given gas, oxygen, and a little cyclopropane. During this minor procedure respiration ceased, and at about the same time the pulse could not be felt. At once the patient was turned on to his back, a midline upper abdominal incision was made, and the cessation of the heart beat co ...
Options for the “No-Option” Refractory Angina Patient - Cedars
... nicorandil, ivabradine and perhexiline—are used throughout the world but are not available in the United States. L-Arginine (6 to 9 grams daily) has been shown to improve coronary blood flow via nitric oxide-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and may improve symptoms in select patients. R ...
... nicorandil, ivabradine and perhexiline—are used throughout the world but are not available in the United States. L-Arginine (6 to 9 grams daily) has been shown to improve coronary blood flow via nitric oxide-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and may improve symptoms in select patients. R ...
3.1_Cardiac_Physiology_
... b. Cellular components – most are the same, including a sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubules. 2. Differences from skeletal muscle a. Branching cells form a connected network throughout the heart wall. b. Intercalated discs connect neighboring cells. These contain gap junctions that allow the flow of ...
... b. Cellular components – most are the same, including a sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubules. 2. Differences from skeletal muscle a. Branching cells form a connected network throughout the heart wall. b. Intercalated discs connect neighboring cells. These contain gap junctions that allow the flow of ...
Atrial Septal Defect
... What is an atrial septal defect? The normal heart has two sides, the left and the right, which are separated by a muscular wall called the septum. Each side of the heart also has two parts -- an upper chamber called an atrium, and a lower chamber called a ventricle. Atrial septal defect (ASD), a con ...
... What is an atrial septal defect? The normal heart has two sides, the left and the right, which are separated by a muscular wall called the septum. Each side of the heart also has two parts -- an upper chamber called an atrium, and a lower chamber called a ventricle. Atrial septal defect (ASD), a con ...
Relationship between Blood Transfusion and Increased Risk of
... well as in patients not receiving beta–blockers after surgery and in those with a low left ventricular ejection fraction.3,4 Furthermore, the technical considerations that may predispose patients to AF include venting through superior pulmonary vein, more systemic hypothermia, division of the anteri ...
... well as in patients not receiving beta–blockers after surgery and in those with a low left ventricular ejection fraction.3,4 Furthermore, the technical considerations that may predispose patients to AF include venting through superior pulmonary vein, more systemic hypothermia, division of the anteri ...
Society of Nuclear Medicine Procedure Guideline for Gated
... 1. Known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) a. CAD without myocardial infarction (MI) b. Remote MI c. Acute MI (however, these patients usually should not undergo exercise stress in the first 48 hours after acute MI) 2. To help distinguish systolic from diastolic causes of congestive heart f ...
... 1. Known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) a. CAD without myocardial infarction (MI) b. Remote MI c. Acute MI (however, these patients usually should not undergo exercise stress in the first 48 hours after acute MI) 2. To help distinguish systolic from diastolic causes of congestive heart f ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.