Cardiovascular system II Cardiovascular system III
... relatively small diameter (0.4cm) thicker tunica media (relative to diameter) than elastic artery Tunica media- thicker (compared to elastic arteries) high density of smooth muscle fibers less elastic fibers • UNDER GO DIAMETER CHANGES due to ANS (autonomic nervous system) input for blood flow regul ...
... relatively small diameter (0.4cm) thicker tunica media (relative to diameter) than elastic artery Tunica media- thicker (compared to elastic arteries) high density of smooth muscle fibers less elastic fibers • UNDER GO DIAMETER CHANGES due to ANS (autonomic nervous system) input for blood flow regul ...
Second degree heart block
... pathologies , including ischemia , hypertensive heart disease or cardiomyopathy or aortic valves disease while conduction block in the right could be normal or from ASD or ischemia . Depolarization proceeds the slow myocardial route in the affected ventricle rather than through the rapidly conductin ...
... pathologies , including ischemia , hypertensive heart disease or cardiomyopathy or aortic valves disease while conduction block in the right could be normal or from ASD or ischemia . Depolarization proceeds the slow myocardial route in the affected ventricle rather than through the rapidly conductin ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... • Factors That Cause a Hypoeffective Heart a. Increased arterial pressure against which the heart must pump (i.e. hypertension) b. Inhibition of nervous excitation c. Pathological factors causing abnormal rhythm or rate of heart beat d. Coronary artery blockage e. Valvular heart disease f. Congenita ...
... • Factors That Cause a Hypoeffective Heart a. Increased arterial pressure against which the heart must pump (i.e. hypertension) b. Inhibition of nervous excitation c. Pathological factors causing abnormal rhythm or rate of heart beat d. Coronary artery blockage e. Valvular heart disease f. Congenita ...
Cardiac Arrhythmias
... ventricles sends out an electrical signal early. The ventricles are usually able to respond to this signal, but the result is an irregular heart rhythm. • PACs are common and may occur as the result of stimulants such as coffee, tea, alcohol, cigarettes, or medications. • Treatment is rarely necessa ...
... ventricles sends out an electrical signal early. The ventricles are usually able to respond to this signal, but the result is an irregular heart rhythm. • PACs are common and may occur as the result of stimulants such as coffee, tea, alcohol, cigarettes, or medications. • Treatment is rarely necessa ...
Intro to Cardiovascular System
... Blood flows from the left side of the heart through the body tissues and back to the right side of the heart ...
... Blood flows from the left side of the heart through the body tissues and back to the right side of the heart ...
Heart Valves
... sodium channels close), prolonging the depolarization of the cell. • As long as the action potential is in its plateau and calcium is entering the myocytes, the myocytes contract. • These plateaus are more pronounced in the ventricles. • Cardiac muscle has an absolute refractory period of 250 msec, ...
... sodium channels close), prolonging the depolarization of the cell. • As long as the action potential is in its plateau and calcium is entering the myocytes, the myocytes contract. • These plateaus are more pronounced in the ventricles. • Cardiac muscle has an absolute refractory period of 250 msec, ...
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy using Inca
... A recent editorial by Mafi Rad et al.9 reviewed the study by de Roest et al.8 and stated: “The strong predictive power of the PV loop measurements as shown in this study, could allow a strategy in which CRT would be denied to patients who do not show a significant PV loop response.” “This approach ma ...
... A recent editorial by Mafi Rad et al.9 reviewed the study by de Roest et al.8 and stated: “The strong predictive power of the PV loop measurements as shown in this study, could allow a strategy in which CRT would be denied to patients who do not show a significant PV loop response.” “This approach ma ...
A guide to your cardioversion - Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
... be asked to stop this 2 days before cardioversion. You will have a final set of blood tests and a heart tracing (ECG) in the days prior to your cardioversion. This is a day case procedure. ...
... be asked to stop this 2 days before cardioversion. You will have a final set of blood tests and a heart tracing (ECG) in the days prior to your cardioversion. This is a day case procedure. ...
Cardiac Catheterization/Coronary Angiogram
... 2. Once at the blocked or narrowed site, the doctor inflates the balloon. This pushes the blockage against the artery wall and widens the artery, which helps restore blood flow. The fully extended balloon also expands the stent, pushing it into place in the artery. 3. The doctor then deflates the ...
... 2. Once at the blocked or narrowed site, the doctor inflates the balloon. This pushes the blockage against the artery wall and widens the artery, which helps restore blood flow. The fully extended balloon also expands the stent, pushing it into place in the artery. 3. The doctor then deflates the ...
AF –pathophysiology and medical management
... • Paroxysmal AF: if it terminates spontaneously in fewer than 7 days (often in <24 h). • Persistent AF: when it terminates either spontaneously after 7 days or following cardio version. • Permanent AF: cardio version has failed or not attempted • Recurrent : after 2 or more episodes ...
... • Paroxysmal AF: if it terminates spontaneously in fewer than 7 days (often in <24 h). • Persistent AF: when it terminates either spontaneously after 7 days or following cardio version. • Permanent AF: cardio version has failed or not attempted • Recurrent : after 2 or more episodes ...
Overview: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a very common condition in
... Most individuals with mild and stable MVP can be issued at preferred or standard rates. The condition is likely considered inherited and not degenerative. For those individuals with moderate or severe MVP, underwriting is based on the severity of abnormal mitral valve functioning, the age of the pro ...
... Most individuals with mild and stable MVP can be issued at preferred or standard rates. The condition is likely considered inherited and not degenerative. For those individuals with moderate or severe MVP, underwriting is based on the severity of abnormal mitral valve functioning, the age of the pro ...
January - June
... I had dragged my family over with trepidation, as statistically, Cleveland was ranked # 9 in crime in the USA. But friends and colleagues already in Cleveland on HMDP reassured us. I had spent many years during the “Troubles” in Belfast and knew there was a difference between reality and front-page ...
... I had dragged my family over with trepidation, as statistically, Cleveland was ranked # 9 in crime in the USA. But friends and colleagues already in Cleveland on HMDP reassured us. I had spent many years during the “Troubles” in Belfast and knew there was a difference between reality and front-page ...
4c Cardio Exam
... Shortly after S2, the closing of the semilunar valves, the AV valves open and diastole begins. Diastole is itself further divided into several stages, the first being that of rapid filling, where 80% of the blood stored in the atria during systole is transferred to the ventricles. At the end of this ...
... Shortly after S2, the closing of the semilunar valves, the AV valves open and diastole begins. Diastole is itself further divided into several stages, the first being that of rapid filling, where 80% of the blood stored in the atria during systole is transferred to the ventricles. At the end of this ...
Rx for Success - Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defects(052)
... sometimes is not diagnosed until adult life. There are three sub-types of ASDs, depending on the location of the opening: Ostium secundum defects - midseptal location Sinus venosus defects - high septum Ostium primum defects - low septum Secundum is most common. Primum defects are usually associated ...
... sometimes is not diagnosed until adult life. There are three sub-types of ASDs, depending on the location of the opening: Ostium secundum defects - midseptal location Sinus venosus defects - high septum Ostium primum defects - low septum Secundum is most common. Primum defects are usually associated ...
Arteries - Glow Blogs
... Dissolved carbon dioxide makes the blood acidic, lowering the pH of the blood. Any change in pH is not tolerated by the body so the excess CO2 is excreted by breathing rate increasing ...
... Dissolved carbon dioxide makes the blood acidic, lowering the pH of the blood. Any change in pH is not tolerated by the body so the excess CO2 is excreted by breathing rate increasing ...
C Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
... heart muscle (cardiomyopathy). Cardiomyopathy is most commonly caused by irreversible damage from coronary artery disease (such as by a heart attack), but may also be the result of genetic factors, viral infections, or toxins (such as alcohol). The symptoms of CHF typically include shortness of brea ...
... heart muscle (cardiomyopathy). Cardiomyopathy is most commonly caused by irreversible damage from coronary artery disease (such as by a heart attack), but may also be the result of genetic factors, viral infections, or toxins (such as alcohol). The symptoms of CHF typically include shortness of brea ...
High Blood Pressure
... damage is done. If your blood pressure is normal and you have no other factors that increase your risk of developing heart and blood vessel disease, the Heart Foundation recommends a blood pressure check every one to two years. If your blood pressure is high, or you have other factors that increase ...
... damage is done. If your blood pressure is normal and you have no other factors that increase your risk of developing heart and blood vessel disease, the Heart Foundation recommends a blood pressure check every one to two years. If your blood pressure is high, or you have other factors that increase ...
Prosthetic Heart Valves - McMaster University > ECE
... Turbulent shear stresses are higher in the aortic position than in the mitral position ...
... Turbulent shear stresses are higher in the aortic position than in the mitral position ...
Left ventricle
... • Ischemic cells anaerobic respiration lactic acid – High H+ concentration high Ca2+ concentration • Mitochondrial damage decreased ATP production • Gap junctions close fatal arrhythmias ...
... • Ischemic cells anaerobic respiration lactic acid – High H+ concentration high Ca2+ concentration • Mitochondrial damage decreased ATP production • Gap junctions close fatal arrhythmias ...
2.1 Introduction
... according to Starling's low is decreased. The diastolic filling will be affected when heart rate exceeds 120 beats/min. But during exercise there is compensation for any increase in sympathetic stimulation with increase in strength of cardiac contraction (Guyton and Hall 1996). 2.1.5.1 Autoregulatio ...
... according to Starling's low is decreased. The diastolic filling will be affected when heart rate exceeds 120 beats/min. But during exercise there is compensation for any increase in sympathetic stimulation with increase in strength of cardiac contraction (Guyton and Hall 1996). 2.1.5.1 Autoregulatio ...
No Slide Title
... • angina pectoris – chest pain from partial obstruction of coronary blood flow – pain caused by ischemia of cardiac muscle – obstruction partially blocks blood flow – myocardium shifts to anaerobic fermentation producing lactic acid stimulating pain ...
... • angina pectoris – chest pain from partial obstruction of coronary blood flow – pain caused by ischemia of cardiac muscle – obstruction partially blocks blood flow – myocardium shifts to anaerobic fermentation producing lactic acid stimulating pain ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.