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... reduced penetrance. An exception is LQTS associated with sensorineural deafness (Jervell and LangeNielsen syndrome), which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Disease causing mutations can be identified in approximately 75% of cases. Short QT syndrome Short QT syndrome (SQTS) is a rare co ...
Inherited Arrhythmia Panels
Inherited Arrhythmia Panels

... reduced penetrance. An exception is LQTS associated with sensorineural deafness (Jervell and LangeNielsen syndrome), which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Disease causing mutations can be identified in approximately 75% of cases. Short QT syndrome Short QT syndrome (SQTS) is a rare co ...
the effects of various swimming training protocols on cardiac
the effects of various swimming training protocols on cardiac

Dosage of enalapril for congestive heart failure in USA
Dosage of enalapril for congestive heart failure in USA

Varespladib and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With an Acute
Varespladib and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With an Acute

... eligible to participate. Documentation of ACS required either (1) elevation of biomarkers accompanied by symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia and/or new or presumed new ischemic electrocardiographic abnormalities or (2) symptoms in combination with new or presumed new electrocardiographic changes i ...
Perioperative Challenges in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Perioperative Challenges in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

... have
undergone
surgical
procedures
that
later
fell
from
favor.
Examples
include
the
atrial
switch
 (Mustard,
Senning),
Potts’
and
Waterston
aorto‐pulmonary
shunts
and
the
atrio‐pulmononary
Fontan.
 Adults
are
likely
to
develop
the
late
cardiovascular
complications
of
CHD
because
their
hearts
have
be ...
Questions and Answers About AEDs and Defibrillation
Questions and Answers About AEDs and Defibrillation

... defibrillated) and 95 percent specific (able to recommend not shocking when defibrillation is not indicated). Because of the wide variety of situations in which they will typically be used, AEDs are designed with multiple safeguards and warnings before any energy is released. AEDs are programmed to ...
140701-cjw-Fin - Patient Information PB
140701-cjw-Fin - Patient Information PB

... will still beat irregularly and possibly rapidly. This may contribute to symptoms of palpitations, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, light headedness, fainting or fatigue. The goal of treatment in AF is to restore the heart’s normal rhythm and if this is not possible then to slow the irregular ...
Mitral Stenosis at Autopsy - JOURNAL of the Louisiana State
Mitral Stenosis at Autopsy - JOURNAL of the Louisiana State

... was positive for cannabinoids. Prior to admission, she was found unresponsive at home after a two month history of increasingly progressive shortness of breath. She was transported to the emergency department and resuscitated after prolonged arrest. She was then admitted to the intensive care unit a ...
Progress in Developing a Noninvasive Load-Independent
Progress in Developing a Noninvasive Load-Independent

... al. (4) were performed in normal dog hearts. Underestimation of true myocardial stroke work may occur in patients with severely dilated cardiomyopathies, where the denominator term is EDV2 or EDV3/2. Third, a noninvasive surrogate of central arterial pressure is highly preferable to an invasive meas ...
File
File

... Diseases of the Circulatory System Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death and disability in the U.S. Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries. ...
Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Database of the
Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Database of the

... curve. ISHLT/MCSD, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation/Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Database; LVAD, left ...
Answers to WHAT DID YOU LEARN questions
Answers to WHAT DID YOU LEARN questions

... arteries constrict and become nonfunctional. They turn into the round ligament of the liver and the medial umbilical ligaments, respectively. Since there is no blood going through the umbilical vein and ductus venosus after bith, the ductus venosus ceases to be functional and constricts, becoming th ...
Sequential Segmental Analysis of the Heart: A Malformation
Sequential Segmental Analysis of the Heart: A Malformation

... to the same ventricle, the term used is double inlet ventricle. There are usually two chambers in the ventricular mass, the second chamber being rudimentary. The other types of univentricular atrioventricular connection occur when one of the atria has no connection with the underlying ventricular ma ...
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... If prospectively validated, modified FAST could identify normotensive patients with PE for primary thrombolysis http://ow.ly/WTZIs Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) results in a wide spectrum of haemodynamic compromise and in hospital PE-related mortality. It is generally accepted that haemodynamically ...
Novel Biomarkers for Cardio-renal Syndrome
Novel Biomarkers for Cardio-renal Syndrome

... in patients with CRS. Early detection of renal dysfunction is not possible using the traditional marker, serum creatinine, and therefore efforts to explore possible biomarkers for early detection of AKI are being made. Apart from predicting AKI, several biomarker studies also identified predictors f ...
Route of Blood Flow Through the Heart
Route of Blood Flow Through the Heart

... 18. When blood pressure increases, a number of events occur that return blood pressure to normal. Which of the following is NOT one of the events that occurs after an increase in blood pressure? ...
15685-Review
15685-Review

... must thoroughly consider not only a patient’s coronary artery lesions but also his/her medical history. Additionally, comprehensive risk management with medical and non-pharmacological therapies should be performed and the proper achievement of risk management should be confirmed. Furthermore, non-p ...
Full report - European Society of Cardiology
Full report - European Society of Cardiology

... civilisations for humanity. The remaining old Egyptian precious monuments are explaining a unique administrative system that progressed across decades, where health was an integral part of it. Egypt is considered as a lower middle-income country as defined by the World Bank. About 43.5% of the popul ...
Lecture 11- Cardiac Output and Venous Return Cardiac Output
Lecture 11- Cardiac Output and Venous Return Cardiac Output

... allows blood from the vessels to flow down into the more center of the heart. Most myocardial blood flow occurs during diastole During Systole: Subendocardial coronary vessels are compressed due to the high intraventricular pressures → blood flow in the subendocardium nearly stops because blood is f ...
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

... is a form of cardiomyopathy that usually occurs as heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias, and myocarditis is the most common finding in up to 60% of the cases. It is genetically transmitted via either the dominant or recessive autosomal mode, and is highly prevalent among young Europeans. (1, 2) ...
PCI Complications
PCI Complications

... Emergent surgery Stent thrombosis at 1 mo Presumed stent thrombosis Renal failure Haemodialysis Retroperitoneal bleed Vascular complication & bleeding 1 mo composite with ST 1 mo composite without ST ...
The four chambers of the heart, left and right atria on the upper side
The four chambers of the heart, left and right atria on the upper side

... always supplied with the pure oxygenated blood. The impure blood from the heart muscles is picked up by the coronary veins which are directly connected with the right atrium. The presence of plasma, red and white blood cells together with other particulates make the blood a heterogeneous medium. Wh ...
Full Text  - Research in Cardiovascular Medicine
Full Text - Research in Cardiovascular Medicine

... can occur in the absence of obstructive CAD to suggest stress cardiomyopathy. Case Presentation: We report a 48-year-old female with intermittent chest pain. Her physical exam, cardiac enzymes and transthoracic echocardiogram were unremarkable. She underwent dobutamine stress echocardiogram to rule ...
Downloadable PDF format, 3.5 MB
Downloadable PDF format, 3.5 MB

... Noninvasive Electrocardiographic Imaging for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Charulatha Ramanathan, Raja N Ghanem, Ping Jia, Kyungmoo Ryu & Yoram Rudy Nature Medicine 10, 422 - 428 (2004) Abstract: Over 7 million people worldwide die annually from erratic heart rhythms (cardiac arrhythmias) ...
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Myocardial infarction



Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.
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