PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
... Only 30% are isolated Often with TETRALOGY of FALLOT 90% involve the membranous septum If muscular septum is involved, likely to have multiple holes SMALL ones often close spontaneously LARGE ones progress to pulmonary hypertension. ...
... Only 30% are isolated Often with TETRALOGY of FALLOT 90% involve the membranous septum If muscular septum is involved, likely to have multiple holes SMALL ones often close spontaneously LARGE ones progress to pulmonary hypertension. ...
Axia College Material - Experts4Students.com
... Vagus: this recording is measuring electrical activity of the vagus nerves. The vagus nerves are cranial nerves that transmit approximately 75% of parasympathetic nervous system activity in the human body. Activity of the vagus nerves regulates heart rate in addition to regulating the involuntary fu ...
... Vagus: this recording is measuring electrical activity of the vagus nerves. The vagus nerves are cranial nerves that transmit approximately 75% of parasympathetic nervous system activity in the human body. Activity of the vagus nerves regulates heart rate in addition to regulating the involuntary fu ...
Patient Info SVT
... If an ablation procedure is to be done, this is usually performed at the time of the EP study. One of the catheters we use emits high frequency radio waves from its tip which are transmitted to the cardiac tissue in the form of heat. This allows us to burn areas in the heart that precipitate the abn ...
... If an ablation procedure is to be done, this is usually performed at the time of the EP study. One of the catheters we use emits high frequency radio waves from its tip which are transmitted to the cardiac tissue in the form of heat. This allows us to burn areas in the heart that precipitate the abn ...
Treatment of heart failure with preserved Karen Hogg, John J.V. McMurray*
... exercise, but in the elderly and hypertensive subjects this physiological response is exaggerated 27–30 ; and it is thought that this may be partially mediated by angiotensin II, the circulating levels of which increase during exercise 31 . In one small, randomised, placebocontrolled, double-blind, ...
... exercise, but in the elderly and hypertensive subjects this physiological response is exaggerated 27–30 ; and it is thought that this may be partially mediated by angiotensin II, the circulating levels of which increase during exercise 31 . In one small, randomised, placebocontrolled, double-blind, ...
Management of Arrythmias in Intensive Care Unit - e
... the general population increases exponentially with advancing age. Risk factors for the development of AF include structural heart disease (70% in Framingham study over 22 year follow up),5 hypertension (50%),5 valvular heart disease (34%)6 and left ventricular hypertrophy. 2 Post-operative AF is co ...
... the general population increases exponentially with advancing age. Risk factors for the development of AF include structural heart disease (70% in Framingham study over 22 year follow up),5 hypertension (50%),5 valvular heart disease (34%)6 and left ventricular hypertrophy. 2 Post-operative AF is co ...
Mitral Regurgitation
... diseases, as well as various tests and treatments. Visit www.CardioSmart.org for more information. You can also ...
... diseases, as well as various tests and treatments. Visit www.CardioSmart.org for more information. You can also ...
Patient Information Leaflet
... • Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine because it contains important information for you. • Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again • If you have any further questions, please ask your doctor or your pharmacist. • This medicine has been prescribed for yo ...
... • Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine because it contains important information for you. • Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again • If you have any further questions, please ask your doctor or your pharmacist. • This medicine has been prescribed for yo ...
1 - Bibb County Schools
... Capillaries of the digestive tract empty into the superior mesenteric and the splenic veins Superior mesenteric and splenic vein join to form the hepatic portal vein Gastric veins empty into the hepatic portal vein Nutrients and wastes diffuse into liver cells The hepatic veins drain the liver and e ...
... Capillaries of the digestive tract empty into the superior mesenteric and the splenic veins Superior mesenteric and splenic vein join to form the hepatic portal vein Gastric veins empty into the hepatic portal vein Nutrients and wastes diffuse into liver cells The hepatic veins drain the liver and e ...
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
... echocardiographic image. Hence preprocessing of echocardiographic images is very important before the actual segmentation of LV. The work in [1] presented a wavelet-based thresholding scheme for noise suppression in ultrasound images. In [2] the image is filtered by convolving with a 3X3 Gaussian lo ...
... echocardiographic image. Hence preprocessing of echocardiographic images is very important before the actual segmentation of LV. The work in [1] presented a wavelet-based thresholding scheme for noise suppression in ultrasound images. In [2] the image is filtered by convolving with a 3X3 Gaussian lo ...
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
... A 24 year old male developed fever of 38.5 º C accompanied by cough and malaise. He just stayed home and took symptomatic treatment at the advise of a doctor friend. After four days when his temperature was 37º C and other signs and symptoms had subsided, and at the prodding of his friends, he decid ...
... A 24 year old male developed fever of 38.5 º C accompanied by cough and malaise. He just stayed home and took symptomatic treatment at the advise of a doctor friend. After four days when his temperature was 37º C and other signs and symptoms had subsided, and at the prodding of his friends, he decid ...
Pharmacology
... or Ca2+ channels to reduce the ratio of these ions to K+. This decreases the slope of Phase 4 (diastolic) depolarization and/or raises the threshold of discharge to a less negative voltage. 2-Abnormalities in impulse conduction: Impulses from higher pacemaker centers are normally conducted down path ...
... or Ca2+ channels to reduce the ratio of these ions to K+. This decreases the slope of Phase 4 (diastolic) depolarization and/or raises the threshold of discharge to a less negative voltage. 2-Abnormalities in impulse conduction: Impulses from higher pacemaker centers are normally conducted down path ...
PDF
... times with `¯ash pulmonary oedema', being ventilated on two occasions. Diamond w2x reports one patient who had ¯ash pulmonary oedema `frequently' after coronary artery bypass grafting and on one occasion had a respiratory arrest before the diagnosis was made! All these reports show how late the diag ...
... times with `¯ash pulmonary oedema', being ventilated on two occasions. Diamond w2x reports one patient who had ¯ash pulmonary oedema `frequently' after coronary artery bypass grafting and on one occasion had a respiratory arrest before the diagnosis was made! All these reports show how late the diag ...
First heart sound
... occurrence (physical or emotional overload, its occurrence at rest, during motion or in dream), character (acute, dull pain, feeling of weight or compression behind sternum, slight dull pain in the top of the heart), duration, irradiation. ...
... occurrence (physical or emotional overload, its occurrence at rest, during motion or in dream), character (acute, dull pain, feeling of weight or compression behind sternum, slight dull pain in the top of the heart), duration, irradiation. ...
Pattern of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants of Diabetic Mother
... of Aorta and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. This condition is reported in significant number of IDM and is thought to be secondary to high fetal insulin levels as a result of maternal hyperglycemia and may be a further manifestation of fetal “Macrosomia”. Affected patients are usually asymptomatic but ...
... of Aorta and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. This condition is reported in significant number of IDM and is thought to be secondary to high fetal insulin levels as a result of maternal hyperglycemia and may be a further manifestation of fetal “Macrosomia”. Affected patients are usually asymptomatic but ...
Circulatory System
... 2. If I am a RBC in the vena cava, describe my path through the circulatory system, ending back at the vena cava. (Be as specific as you can. Mention all valves, and mention things like arterioles.) 3. Label this (I’m sorry some of the lines are messy.) ...
... 2. If I am a RBC in the vena cava, describe my path through the circulatory system, ending back at the vena cava. (Be as specific as you can. Mention all valves, and mention things like arterioles.) 3. Label this (I’m sorry some of the lines are messy.) ...
Rhythm disorders in neonates
... tachycardia, it is important to locate the P wave on the electrocardiogram during the tachycardia. In atrioventricular reentry tachycardia there is a retrograde P wave which is inscribed after the QRS complex. For these arrhythmias atrial and ventricular tissue is required to maintain the reentry ci ...
... tachycardia, it is important to locate the P wave on the electrocardiogram during the tachycardia. In atrioventricular reentry tachycardia there is a retrograde P wave which is inscribed after the QRS complex. For these arrhythmias atrial and ventricular tissue is required to maintain the reentry ci ...
Reimplantation of Anomalous Single Coronary Artery From
... that revealed improved biventricular function with resolution of tricuspid regurgitation, but with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation and papillary muscle hyperdensity. She had a cardiac catheterization that revealed the presence of an anomalous single coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, ...
... that revealed improved biventricular function with resolution of tricuspid regurgitation, but with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation and papillary muscle hyperdensity. She had a cardiac catheterization that revealed the presence of an anomalous single coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, ...
Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise (cont`d)
... Frank–Starling Mechanism states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (the end diastolic volume) when all other factors remain constant. The increased volume of blood stretches the ventricular wall, causing cardiac muscle to ...
... Frank–Starling Mechanism states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (the end diastolic volume) when all other factors remain constant. The increased volume of blood stretches the ventricular wall, causing cardiac muscle to ...
Intrauterine hydrops caused by premature closure of the foramen
... septum was thick and bulged towards the right showed three distinct rhythmical morphologies with atrium, the foramen ovale and its valve were not seen regular repetition, and the T waves were flat in the and the movement of the atrioventricular valves was left precordial and limb leads suggesting pe ...
... septum was thick and bulged towards the right showed three distinct rhythmical morphologies with atrium, the foramen ovale and its valve were not seen regular repetition, and the T waves were flat in the and the movement of the atrioventricular valves was left precordial and limb leads suggesting pe ...
The Unholy Alliance between Obesity, Type
... with a peaking of the risk of both myocardial infarction and sudden death (the “vulnerable period”) [55]. In patients with chronic ischemia, ischemic episodes (ECG) peak at the time of rising from bed [56]. Of particular relevance is a study in young/middle-aged hypertensive subjects followed-up for ...
... with a peaking of the risk of both myocardial infarction and sudden death (the “vulnerable period”) [55]. In patients with chronic ischemia, ischemic episodes (ECG) peak at the time of rising from bed [56]. Of particular relevance is a study in young/middle-aged hypertensive subjects followed-up for ...
The role of autonomic control in cardiovascular system - CEON-a
... type 2 diabetes and hypertension, atenolol did not improve endothelial function, whereas losartan improved endothelial function and decreased oxidative stress (24). Other studies generally failed to show a beneficial effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade (25, 26). In contrast, men treated with ...
... type 2 diabetes and hypertension, atenolol did not improve endothelial function, whereas losartan improved endothelial function and decreased oxidative stress (24). Other studies generally failed to show a beneficial effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade (25, 26). In contrast, men treated with ...
ARRYTHMIAS AND CONDUCTION DEFECTS IN ECG
... so rapidly that very little or no blood at all is pumped because there is not enough time between contractions for the ventricles to fill. When VF occurs, a well-placed electrical shock across the chest may be life saving. The shock, known as defibrillation, neutralizes all the abnormal electric ...
... so rapidly that very little or no blood at all is pumped because there is not enough time between contractions for the ventricles to fill. When VF occurs, a well-placed electrical shock across the chest may be life saving. The shock, known as defibrillation, neutralizes all the abnormal electric ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.