HISTOLOGY
... It is accumulation of cholesterol in the T.I. of arteries. Grossly, the artery contains fatty streaks and plaques on its internal surface. If these fatty thickenings become great, they occlude the vessel. Coronary arteries are most arteries predisposed to atherosclerosis, which sometimes leads to in ...
... It is accumulation of cholesterol in the T.I. of arteries. Grossly, the artery contains fatty streaks and plaques on its internal surface. If these fatty thickenings become great, they occlude the vessel. Coronary arteries are most arteries predisposed to atherosclerosis, which sometimes leads to in ...
Fast and Easy ECGs, Shade / Wesley
... – Some monitor from one to five different leads – Others are capable of monitoring up to twelve or more leads simultaneously ...
... – Some monitor from one to five different leads – Others are capable of monitoring up to twelve or more leads simultaneously ...
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
... to develop powerful, objective, accurate and reproducible techniques to measure the vessel lesions. Such tools are very important since it is widely known that inter and intraobserver variations of 15% or more are not exceptions among experts, resulting in serious limitation for long term expert eva ...
... to develop powerful, objective, accurate and reproducible techniques to measure the vessel lesions. Such tools are very important since it is widely known that inter and intraobserver variations of 15% or more are not exceptions among experts, resulting in serious limitation for long term expert eva ...
TRANSFER-AMI - Clinical Trial Results
... For high-risk STEMI patients receiving thrombolysis at non-PCI centres, urgent transfer and PCI within 6 hours is associated with significantly less ischemic complications and no excess in bleeding Transfers to PCI centres should be initiated immediately after thrombolysis without waiting to see whe ...
... For high-risk STEMI patients receiving thrombolysis at non-PCI centres, urgent transfer and PCI within 6 hours is associated with significantly less ischemic complications and no excess in bleeding Transfers to PCI centres should be initiated immediately after thrombolysis without waiting to see whe ...
9/5 - Weebly
... -if IMI (inferior MI) – viewed from these 3 leads -if ischemia in inferior portion of heart, the right coronary artery is the problem Left main coronary artery – divides in circumflex and left anterior descending (LAD) -aVL and lead I (lateral views) – important for circumflex artery territory -if l ...
... -if IMI (inferior MI) – viewed from these 3 leads -if ischemia in inferior portion of heart, the right coronary artery is the problem Left main coronary artery – divides in circumflex and left anterior descending (LAD) -aVL and lead I (lateral views) – important for circumflex artery territory -if l ...
The heart is not a pump
... Steiner 6 indicated that embryology provides the clues for solving the problem of the circulation. In relation to this, Bremer 9 performed a remarkable series of observations of blood circulation in the very early chick embryo before the formation of the heart valves. He described the two streams of ...
... Steiner 6 indicated that embryology provides the clues for solving the problem of the circulation. In relation to this, Bremer 9 performed a remarkable series of observations of blood circulation in the very early chick embryo before the formation of the heart valves. He described the two streams of ...
QT Interval: The Proper Measurement Techniques.
... Baseline blood work shows mild hypokalemia and a left lower lobe infiltrate on her chest xray. She is admitted to hospital for correction of her electrolytes and is given clarithromycin for her pneumonia. The following day, she suffers a cardiac arrest. Polymorphic wide QRS complex tachycardia is se ...
... Baseline blood work shows mild hypokalemia and a left lower lobe infiltrate on her chest xray. She is admitted to hospital for correction of her electrolytes and is given clarithromycin for her pneumonia. The following day, she suffers a cardiac arrest. Polymorphic wide QRS complex tachycardia is se ...
Fetal Pig Dissection
... Pigs, like all mammals, have four-chambered hearts. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, while the left side of the heart pumps blood to all other parts of the body. Locate the right and left sides of the heart. Each side of the heart has an upper and a lower chamber. Upper chambers ...
... Pigs, like all mammals, have four-chambered hearts. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, while the left side of the heart pumps blood to all other parts of the body. Locate the right and left sides of the heart. Each side of the heart has an upper and a lower chamber. Upper chambers ...
Single coronary artery incidence in 215,140 patients undergoing
... in some autopsy studies it was shown to be related to sudden cardiac death. Materials and methods: SCA patients detected among 215,140 coronary angiographies (CAG) performed between 1998 and 2013 in SANKO Hospital were included in our study. The classification of CAG was made according to the two di ...
... in some autopsy studies it was shown to be related to sudden cardiac death. Materials and methods: SCA patients detected among 215,140 coronary angiographies (CAG) performed between 1998 and 2013 in SANKO Hospital were included in our study. The classification of CAG was made according to the two di ...
Cardiac screening examination of the fetus
... outflow tract. Occasionally, the right superior vena cava (SVC) will be seen as the most posterior vessel. Adapted with permission from: Lee W. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. Performance of the basic fetal cardiac ultrasound examination. J Ultrasound Med ...
... outflow tract. Occasionally, the right superior vena cava (SVC) will be seen as the most posterior vessel. Adapted with permission from: Lee W. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. Performance of the basic fetal cardiac ultrasound examination. J Ultrasound Med ...
Relation between Depolarization and Repolarization Phases in
... The area under the QRST complex at body surface ECG lead is used to define the ventricular gradient what was proposed by Wilson in 1934 [1]. It is a measure of the electrical forces produced by local variations in the recovery process and do not depend on the course of the excitatory process over th ...
... The area under the QRST complex at body surface ECG lead is used to define the ventricular gradient what was proposed by Wilson in 1934 [1]. It is a measure of the electrical forces produced by local variations in the recovery process and do not depend on the course of the excitatory process over th ...
M-mode echocardiography
... flow, left coronary blood flow, Pressure changes across valves and orifices or in cardiac chamber and great vessels ...
... flow, left coronary blood flow, Pressure changes across valves and orifices or in cardiac chamber and great vessels ...
(5)ANTI-ARRHYTHMICS
... Ganglion-blocking activity may cause vasodilation and hypotension but these effects are less pronounced than those of quinidine (because of no alpha blocking effect 2.) 1+2 →less ANS induced A/E Most troublesome adverse effect with long-term therapy is a lupus-like syndrome with NBME rash, art ...
... Ganglion-blocking activity may cause vasodilation and hypotension but these effects are less pronounced than those of quinidine (because of no alpha blocking effect 2.) 1+2 →less ANS induced A/E Most troublesome adverse effect with long-term therapy is a lupus-like syndrome with NBME rash, art ...
An Experimental Study of 3-dimensional Cardiac Electrical Imaging
... determined by other means, as well as with the endocardial mapping results. The experiment was conducted under a completely in vivo setting, and revealed promising results of localizing ventricular electrical activity in the 3D space. The comparison with the endocardial mapping results provides a re ...
... determined by other means, as well as with the endocardial mapping results. The experiment was conducted under a completely in vivo setting, and revealed promising results of localizing ventricular electrical activity in the 3D space. The comparison with the endocardial mapping results provides a re ...
Electrophysiology Study
... during the test. You will also be given IV medicine to keep you relaxed and comfortable during the procedure. Most often, your groin will be used for catheter placement. In some cases, your inner arm or neck area may also be used. These sites will be shaved and washed with special soap, and then cov ...
... during the test. You will also be given IV medicine to keep you relaxed and comfortable during the procedure. Most often, your groin will be used for catheter placement. In some cases, your inner arm or neck area may also be used. These sites will be shaved and washed with special soap, and then cov ...
Heart HORMONES - Sinoe Medical Association
... of blood into the ventricle. The second heart sound (S2), for clinical purposes, is due to the closure of aortic and pulmonic valves. There is a sharp decline in the ventricular pressure while the aortic and mitral valves keep closed and this period of time is so called the isovolumetric relaxation ...
... of blood into the ventricle. The second heart sound (S2), for clinical purposes, is due to the closure of aortic and pulmonic valves. There is a sharp decline in the ventricular pressure while the aortic and mitral valves keep closed and this period of time is so called the isovolumetric relaxation ...
Commentary - University of Texas School of Public Health
... are believed to hold out efficacy can be expected to produce considerable side effects. Because it is unethical to subject normal individuals with no disease to this anticipated level of risk without benefit to the normal population, these first-inhuman studies can be conducted only in the target po ...
... are believed to hold out efficacy can be expected to produce considerable side effects. Because it is unethical to subject normal individuals with no disease to this anticipated level of risk without benefit to the normal population, these first-inhuman studies can be conducted only in the target po ...
Heart Failure in the Setting of Ischemic Heart Disease
... Pharmacologic Therapy: Substitutes for ACEI It is recommended that other therapy be substituted for ACE inhibitors in the following circumstances: In patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to cough, ARBs are recommended. Strength of Evidence = A The combination of hydralazine and an ora ...
... Pharmacologic Therapy: Substitutes for ACEI It is recommended that other therapy be substituted for ACE inhibitors in the following circumstances: In patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to cough, ARBs are recommended. Strength of Evidence = A The combination of hydralazine and an ora ...
Myocardial damage after continuous aerobic and anaerobic
... vigorously are anaerobic activities. There is no oxygen intake while sprinting, intake of oxygen occurs after finishing the sprint.3 If we assume that there is a cardiac muscle dysfunction, the oxygen supply may not meet cardiac muscle demand when sprinting and will cause sudden heart attack. Tennis ...
... vigorously are anaerobic activities. There is no oxygen intake while sprinting, intake of oxygen occurs after finishing the sprint.3 If we assume that there is a cardiac muscle dysfunction, the oxygen supply may not meet cardiac muscle demand when sprinting and will cause sudden heart attack. Tennis ...
The Ear As a Location for Wearable Vital Signs
... ITAL signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, and blood oxygenation are necessary in determining the overall health of a patient. Continuous monitoring of these vital signs can help identify a patient’s risk for stroke, heart attack, heart failure, arterial aneurysm, and renal failu ...
... ITAL signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, and blood oxygenation are necessary in determining the overall health of a patient. Continuous monitoring of these vital signs can help identify a patient’s risk for stroke, heart attack, heart failure, arterial aneurysm, and renal failu ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... determinants of a stiff heart, diastolic dysfunction (DD), and finally heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); however, several cardiac or extra-cardiac pathologies may also be involved. The combined ventricular-arterial stiffening (abnormal left ventricle-arterial coupling) is the m ...
... determinants of a stiff heart, diastolic dysfunction (DD), and finally heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); however, several cardiac or extra-cardiac pathologies may also be involved. The combined ventricular-arterial stiffening (abnormal left ventricle-arterial coupling) is the m ...
Diagnosing Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - e
... forced to work against the increased pressure, causing the muscle to hypertrophy in an effort to keep up with the demand. Symptoms LVH by itself has no individual symptoms. However, LVH often results in a drop in ejection fraction, which leads to such symptoms as dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and ...
... forced to work against the increased pressure, causing the muscle to hypertrophy in an effort to keep up with the demand. Symptoms LVH by itself has no individual symptoms. However, LVH often results in a drop in ejection fraction, which leads to such symptoms as dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and ...
Christiaan Barnard`s original report
... A pint of citrated blood was added to the perfusate after 30 min. of bypass and subsequently 2 further pints were added to ther bypass machine, being reconstituted in the usual way by the addition of THAM, calcium and heparin. After completion of the aortic anastomosis, re‐warming was commenced ...
... A pint of citrated blood was added to the perfusate after 30 min. of bypass and subsequently 2 further pints were added to ther bypass machine, being reconstituted in the usual way by the addition of THAM, calcium and heparin. After completion of the aortic anastomosis, re‐warming was commenced ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.