The Heart Failure Clinic: A Consensus Statement of the Heart
... to a greater degree than peak oxygen uptake by cardiopulmonary exercise testing.41e44 However, although the 6MWT correlates moderately with peak oxygen update (R values range from 0.68 to 0.76),45 its utility with respect to risk stratification and assessment of response to therapies is less well de ...
... to a greater degree than peak oxygen uptake by cardiopulmonary exercise testing.41e44 However, although the 6MWT correlates moderately with peak oxygen update (R values range from 0.68 to 0.76),45 its utility with respect to risk stratification and assessment of response to therapies is less well de ...
Manual correction of semi-automatic three
... modalities and independent t-test for statistical differences in measurements between grades of image quality. The 2-sided probability value of P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. ...
... modalities and independent t-test for statistical differences in measurements between grades of image quality. The 2-sided probability value of P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. ...
Non-Invasive Transcutaneous Pacing
... classification of beats as intrinsic or paced to determine electrical capture. Consider the situation where the patient's intrinsic HR is 62, and the pacer is set at a rate of 60. Since the two rates are very close, pacer spikes and intrinsic beats may occur very close to each other for several seco ...
... classification of beats as intrinsic or paced to determine electrical capture. Consider the situation where the patient's intrinsic HR is 62, and the pacer is set at a rate of 60. Since the two rates are very close, pacer spikes and intrinsic beats may occur very close to each other for several seco ...
heart surgery
... The piece of blood vessel from the arm is an artery and is removed from your forearm. The surgeon can remove this artery because most people have two arteries, which supply the forearm and hand with blood, but can manage with one artery. If this artery is used for your bypass, you will be put on a m ...
... The piece of blood vessel from the arm is an artery and is removed from your forearm. The surgeon can remove this artery because most people have two arteries, which supply the forearm and hand with blood, but can manage with one artery. If this artery is used for your bypass, you will be put on a m ...
Pacemaker potential - Anatomy and Physiology
... Figure 18.15a Intrinsic cardiac conduction system and action potential succession during one heartbeat. ...
... Figure 18.15a Intrinsic cardiac conduction system and action potential succession during one heartbeat. ...
Distribution and Structure of Purkinje Fibers in the Heart of Ostrich
... aggregations of leptomeres. Leptomeres have previously been described by Hirako [15] who suggested that they represented an aberrant form of muscle fibril arising during development. This is unlikely since they are present in almost all Purkinje cells. It seems reasonable to assume that they are ass ...
... aggregations of leptomeres. Leptomeres have previously been described by Hirako [15] who suggested that they represented an aberrant form of muscle fibril arising during development. This is unlikely since they are present in almost all Purkinje cells. It seems reasonable to assume that they are ass ...
High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Chronic Heart Failure: Protocol
... in CHF. We therefore sought to compare the acute cardiopulmonary responses to 4 different HIIE protocols varying in interval duration and type of recovery (active vs passive) in compensated CHF patients to define the optimal one among the 4 protocols. Methods Study Design This was a crossover study ...
... in CHF. We therefore sought to compare the acute cardiopulmonary responses to 4 different HIIE protocols varying in interval duration and type of recovery (active vs passive) in compensated CHF patients to define the optimal one among the 4 protocols. Methods Study Design This was a crossover study ...
Blood pressure response to exercise testing
... in practice. It can sometimes be difficult to define the values of resting blood pressure, especially diastolic blood pressure (DBP), either by auditory problems, to define or recognize the fifth Korotkoff sound, or an auscultatory gap. In practice, even with experience, it often can be even more di ...
... in practice. It can sometimes be difficult to define the values of resting blood pressure, especially diastolic blood pressure (DBP), either by auditory problems, to define or recognize the fifth Korotkoff sound, or an auscultatory gap. In practice, even with experience, it often can be even more di ...
A healthy heart is not a metronome
... vagal innervation of the ventricles, vagal activity minimally affects ventricular contractility. The response time of the sinus node is very short and the effect of a single efferent vagal impulse depends on the phase of the cardiac cycle at which it is received. Thus, vagal stimulation results in a ...
... vagal innervation of the ventricles, vagal activity minimally affects ventricular contractility. The response time of the sinus node is very short and the effect of a single efferent vagal impulse depends on the phase of the cardiac cycle at which it is received. Thus, vagal stimulation results in a ...
Document
... • At last count, there were ~ 1 million pediatric intestinal emergencies. • I will focus on one such emergency specific to the neonate: necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). • NEC is characterized by the mucosal or transmucosal necrosis of part of the intestine. • The exact etiology is unknown. ...
... • At last count, there were ~ 1 million pediatric intestinal emergencies. • I will focus on one such emergency specific to the neonate: necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). • NEC is characterized by the mucosal or transmucosal necrosis of part of the intestine. • The exact etiology is unknown. ...
An Introduction to Blood Vessels and Circulation
... • Small muscular arteries and arterioles • Change with sympathetic or endocrine stimulation • Constricted arteries oppose blood flow ...
... • Small muscular arteries and arterioles • Change with sympathetic or endocrine stimulation • Constricted arteries oppose blood flow ...
Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter - MC2893
... Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter themselves are not life threatening, but you may feel palpitations, fatigue, weakness or light-headedness during an episode. In addition, the abnormal rhythms may lead to potentially serious problems, such as blood clots. If you have a poorly controlled or cons ...
... Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter themselves are not life threatening, but you may feel palpitations, fatigue, weakness or light-headedness during an episode. In addition, the abnormal rhythms may lead to potentially serious problems, such as blood clots. If you have a poorly controlled or cons ...
Melody - Medtronic
... A Narrowed Conduit (Stenosis) The conduit opening is narrowed, which limits blood flow from the heart to the lungs and forces the heart to work harder than normal. Stenosis may be caused by a build up of minerals on the conduit walls (calcification). Stenosis can make the heart muscle thick and prev ...
... A Narrowed Conduit (Stenosis) The conduit opening is narrowed, which limits blood flow from the heart to the lungs and forces the heart to work harder than normal. Stenosis may be caused by a build up of minerals on the conduit walls (calcification). Stenosis can make the heart muscle thick and prev ...
ACQUIRED VITIUMS
... the aortic stenosis relativ or organic ? (organic if the carotid pulses with coarse systolic vibrations) ...
... the aortic stenosis relativ or organic ? (organic if the carotid pulses with coarse systolic vibrations) ...
Effects of Ambient Temperature on Oxygen Consumption
... after birth. We catheterized the carotid artery and pulmonary artery (via the jugular vein). After recovery of at least 1 day, we measured pH, blood gases, arterial and mixed venous blood 0 2 content, oxygen consumption (V02), heart rate, carotid and pulmonary arterial pressures, and cardiac output ...
... after birth. We catheterized the carotid artery and pulmonary artery (via the jugular vein). After recovery of at least 1 day, we measured pH, blood gases, arterial and mixed venous blood 0 2 content, oxygen consumption (V02), heart rate, carotid and pulmonary arterial pressures, and cardiac output ...
EFFECTS OF OXYGEN BREATHING ON THE HEART RATE
... by direct observations of action potentials in the carotid body nerves of the cat by von Euler, Liljestrand and Zotterman, who found no evidence of chemoreceptor activity when arterial oxygen saturations were above 97 per cent (23). Witzleb, Bartels, Budde and Mochizuki, using a somewhat similar tec ...
... by direct observations of action potentials in the carotid body nerves of the cat by von Euler, Liljestrand and Zotterman, who found no evidence of chemoreceptor activity when arterial oxygen saturations were above 97 per cent (23). Witzleb, Bartels, Budde and Mochizuki, using a somewhat similar tec ...
Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia: Transcatheter Ablation
... annulus (about 5% of all idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias). In these circumstances, the most frequently involved area is the anteroseptal region of the annulus. Similar to aortic cusp VTs, a delayed potential is recorded during sinus rhythm at the valve annulus and, this potential precedes the QRS ...
... annulus (about 5% of all idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias). In these circumstances, the most frequently involved area is the anteroseptal region of the annulus. Similar to aortic cusp VTs, a delayed potential is recorded during sinus rhythm at the valve annulus and, this potential precedes the QRS ...
PULMONARY ATRESIA WITH INTACT VENTRICULAR SEPTUM
... The systolic murmur, noted to the right of the lower part of the sternum in our case, and the large "v9" wave in the pressure curve from the right atrium (Fig. 4) indicate retrograde movement of blood through the tricuspid valve (Wood, 1956). Thus tricuspid regurgitation may also occur in cases with ...
... The systolic murmur, noted to the right of the lower part of the sternum in our case, and the large "v9" wave in the pressure curve from the right atrium (Fig. 4) indicate retrograde movement of blood through the tricuspid valve (Wood, 1956). Thus tricuspid regurgitation may also occur in cases with ...
2010 Left ventricular assist device management in patients
... (RAAS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The RAAS and SNS not only play critical roles in adverse myocardial remodeling that may impact long-term left ventricular and right ventricular performance; they also drive fluid retention and increase systemic afterload. Hydralazine and nitrate combinati ...
... (RAAS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The RAAS and SNS not only play critical roles in adverse myocardial remodeling that may impact long-term left ventricular and right ventricular performance; they also drive fluid retention and increase systemic afterload. Hydralazine and nitrate combinati ...
Evaluation of right and left ventricular function using speckle tracking
... strain 1.6 percentage points (PP) (COV = 8.2%), the same in various locations of the heart. The inter-individual error was, as expected, greater, 2.5 PP (COV = 12.7%), with 2D strain error in the mid level of the RV being significantly greater expressed in absolute but not in relative terms (3.94 PP ...
... strain 1.6 percentage points (PP) (COV = 8.2%), the same in various locations of the heart. The inter-individual error was, as expected, greater, 2.5 PP (COV = 12.7%), with 2D strain error in the mid level of the RV being significantly greater expressed in absolute but not in relative terms (3.94 PP ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.