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COPYRIGHT 2002 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
COPYRIGHT 2002 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.

... tails of how they are realized. Similarly, the properties of a qubit are independent of its specific physical representation as the spin of an atomic nucleus, say, or the polarization of a photon of light. A bit is described by its state, 0 or 1. Likewise, a qubit is described by its quantum state. ...
Effective gravitational interactions of dark matter axions
Effective gravitational interactions of dark matter axions

PHYS 1443 – Section 501 Lecture #1
PHYS 1443 – Section 501 Lecture #1

... Two point charges are separated by a distance of 10.0 cm. One has a charge of -25 μC and the other +50 μC. (a) Determine the direction and magnitude of the electric field at a point P between the two charges that is 2.0 cm from the negative charge. (b) If an electron (mass = 9.11 x 10-31 kg) is plac ...
Dilution-Controlled Quantum Criticality in Rare-Earth Nickelates J.V. Alvarez, H. Rieger, and A. Zheludev
Dilution-Controlled Quantum Criticality in Rare-Earth Nickelates J.V. Alvarez, H. Rieger, and A. Zheludev

... the classical 2D Ising model both for periodic and disordered dilution patterns (note that the critical behavior of the randomly diluted 2D Ising model differs from the one of the pure 2D Ising model only by logarithmic corrections [12]). This suggests that the building blocks of the effective criti ...
Syllabus of B.Sc. Physics
Syllabus of B.Sc. Physics

... Unit II: Interference: Interference of light waves, Classification in terms of division of amplitude and division of wave front, Interference fringes from a double source, Young's double slit experiment, Intensity distribution in the fringe system, Fresnel's biprism, Displacement of fringes, Interfe ...
Are physical objects necessarily burnt up by the blue sheet inside a
Are physical objects necessarily burnt up by the blue sheet inside a

... ignore all the details of these radiative processes, and use a simplified toymodel to describe the radiation–matter interaction. Imagine that the object is made of classical “atoms”. (Later, we also consider a quantum analogue.) Each “atom” consists of two electrically charged structureless particle ...
University of Groningen Microscopic derivation of electromagnetic
University of Groningen Microscopic derivation of electromagnetic

`heaven` as physical vacuum and `earth`
`heaven` as physical vacuum and `earth`

... Thus, based on the exegetical analysis of the 1st and 2nd verses, we derive the physical meaning of the word Erets (earth) in these first two verses: „the substanceless pre-matter existing only in potentiality‟, i.e. „something imperceptible and without substance, out of which actual matter will evo ...
24 Interferometry with Macromolecules: Quantum Paradigms Tested
24 Interferometry with Macromolecules: Quantum Paradigms Tested

Quantum Computer Simulation Using CUDA
Quantum Computer Simulation Using CUDA

Zeno dynamics in quantum open systems
Zeno dynamics in quantum open systems

... frequent measurements in its known initial state. QZE is ascribed to two standard principles of quantum theory: continuous unitary time evolution in the absence of measurement and von Neumann projection postulate[2]. The state of the system need not remain frozen to its initial state, but it could e ...
Quantum-like model of unconscious–conscious dynamics
Quantum-like model of unconscious–conscious dynamics

... first attempt to apply the theory of quantum apparatuses and instruments outside of physics, to cognition and psychology. Special quantum structures were elaborated in order to mathematically represent most general measurement schemes and are applicable both in classical and quantum physics and, pra ...
Carrier density independent scattering rate in
Carrier density independent scattering rate in

... liquid, i.e. n =  2. In systems with T-linear behavior, such as the cuprates, E in Eq. (4) becomes irrelevant as can be seen by setting n =  1. Furthermore, B ~ 140,41. This has sometimes been attributed to an underlying quantum critical point that causes the relaxation time to become independent of ...
Lecture Notes for the 2014 HEP Summer School for Experimental
Lecture Notes for the 2014 HEP Summer School for Experimental

Pair Production and the Light-front Vacuum
Pair Production and the Light-front Vacuum

... ince the invention of quantum electrodynamics (QED) as an effort to unify the special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics in the late 1920s (Dirac, 1927), quantum vacuum has emerged as an extremely interesting medium with remarkable properties to investigate. QED has been extremely successful ...
Chapter 6, "Instrumentation And Measurements,"
Chapter 6, "Instrumentation And Measurements,"

... measurements described in section 2.1. It uses two 9 volt batteries and is portable, which makes it convenient for experiments in the field. The electrometer is mounted in an electrically shielded metal box. Measuring electric fields and field changes during thunderstorms will produce many interesti ...
Quantum Phase Transition and Emergent Symmetry in a Quadruple Quantum... Dong E. Liu, Shailesh Chandrasekharan, and Harold U. Baranger
Quantum Phase Transition and Emergent Symmetry in a Quadruple Quantum... Dong E. Liu, Shailesh Chandrasekharan, and Harold U. Baranger

Einstein`s impact on the physics of the twentieth century
Einstein`s impact on the physics of the twentieth century

... But who would want to read or write that? Einstein’s major, enduring contributions to physics were made during the first quarter of the 20th century. They can roughly be divided into four main branches: (1) statistical physics, (2) early quantum theory of light and matter, (3) Special Relativity, an ...
Superconducting Circuits and Quantum Computation
Superconducting Circuits and Quantum Computation

... We have recently developed two implementations of the algorithm for the 1D diffusion equation using the PC Qubit. The first consists of initializing the qubits while keeping them in their ground state, and then performing the collision by quickly changing their flux bias points and then performing a ...
Subtle is the Gravity - The Institute of Mathematical Sciences
Subtle is the Gravity - The Institute of Mathematical Sciences

1 The density operator
1 The density operator

Three-dimensional model of the negative hydrogen ion in a strong
Three-dimensional model of the negative hydrogen ion in a strong

... ~ . Fiz. 108, 436-446 (August 1995) An algorithm is constructed for solving the two-dimensional single-electron Schriidinger equation for a quantum system in the field of an electromagnetic wave. This algorithm is then used to study the dynamics of the negative hydrogen ion in a strong light field. ...
THE CASIMIR EFFECT
THE CASIMIR EFFECT

Recent Developments in String Theory
Recent Developments in String Theory

Notes on MHD - MSU Solar Physics
Notes on MHD - MSU Solar Physics

... Equation (4) is formally very similar to the equation for a trajectory (2), but with B/ρ taking the place of v and s taking the place of t. Like the trajectory (4) can be solved uniquely beginning at any point in space r(0) = r0 as an “initial condition”. This shows that there is a unique field line ...
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History of quantum field theory

In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field in the late 1920s. Major advances in the theory were made in the 1950s, and led to the introduction of quantum electrodynamics (QED). QED was so successful and ""natural"" that efforts were made to use the same basic concepts for the other forces of nature. These efforts were successful in the application of gauge theory to the strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force, producing the modern standard model of particle physics. Efforts to describe gravity using the same techniques have, to date, failed. The study of quantum field theory is alive and flourishing, as are applications of this method to many physical problems. It remains one of the most vital areas of theoretical physics today, providing a common language to many branches of physics.
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