Amphetamine Paradoxically Augments Exocytotic Dopamine Release and Phasic Dopamine Signals
... into the dorsomedial striatum until a robust electrically evoked dopamine signal was recorded. Once optimized, the position of the CFM was secured with the micromanipulator lock. Evoked dopamine signals were elicited and recorded every 5 min for 15 min during the predrug session. Saline or AMPH was ...
... into the dorsomedial striatum until a robust electrically evoked dopamine signal was recorded. Once optimized, the position of the CFM was secured with the micromanipulator lock. Evoked dopamine signals were elicited and recorded every 5 min for 15 min during the predrug session. Saline or AMPH was ...
Clinical pharmacology of dobutamine and dopamine in preterm
... to the behaviour of a first-order model, the slope of this relationship is significantly negative (p , 0.001). The concentration of dobutamine increased with the dose of this drug. The values for clearance varied from 32 to 625 ml/ kg per min. However, the relationship of clearance to steadystate co ...
... to the behaviour of a first-order model, the slope of this relationship is significantly negative (p , 0.001). The concentration of dobutamine increased with the dose of this drug. The values for clearance varied from 32 to 625 ml/ kg per min. However, the relationship of clearance to steadystate co ...
Dopamine-Serotonin System Stabilizer
... Aripiprazole, a novel antipsychotic agent, is assumed to be a “dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer”. According to preclinical studies, aripiprazole exerts partial agonistic action on D2 and 5-HT1A receptors. Thus, it may block a receptor if it is overstimulated and stimulate a receptor when activit ...
... Aripiprazole, a novel antipsychotic agent, is assumed to be a “dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer”. According to preclinical studies, aripiprazole exerts partial agonistic action on D2 and 5-HT1A receptors. Thus, it may block a receptor if it is overstimulated and stimulate a receptor when activit ...
Drug-induced psychomimetic effects as a model for psychosis
... and reserpine, let to the introduction of many more antipsychotic drugs with a similar mechanism of action, which are now referred to as typical antipsychotics (e.g. haloperidol, flupentixol, droperidol). In 1963, Carlsson and Lidqvist discovered that dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter (Carlsson a ...
... and reserpine, let to the introduction of many more antipsychotic drugs with a similar mechanism of action, which are now referred to as typical antipsychotics (e.g. haloperidol, flupentixol, droperidol). In 1963, Carlsson and Lidqvist discovered that dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter (Carlsson a ...
article in press
... extrapyramidal signs in elder patients, which was later related to moderate antagonist properties at dopamine D2 receptors. Guanosine was able to reduce a NMDA antagonist (MK-801) induced hyperlocomotion, whereas it had no effect on the hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine, and it is discussed tha ...
... extrapyramidal signs in elder patients, which was later related to moderate antagonist properties at dopamine D2 receptors. Guanosine was able to reduce a NMDA antagonist (MK-801) induced hyperlocomotion, whereas it had no effect on the hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine, and it is discussed tha ...
Reynolds-Psych-Panels-11-20-12
... Consider olanzapine. SULT4A1-1 positive patients have been shown to demonstrate enhanced treatment efficacy and reduced hospitalization risk when treated with olanzapine compared to both SULT4A1-1 negative patients treated with olanzapine and SULT4A1-1 positive patients treated with risperidone. CYP ...
... Consider olanzapine. SULT4A1-1 positive patients have been shown to demonstrate enhanced treatment efficacy and reduced hospitalization risk when treated with olanzapine compared to both SULT4A1-1 negative patients treated with olanzapine and SULT4A1-1 positive patients treated with risperidone. CYP ...
Antipsychotic Use in the Elderly
... placebo among patients with dementia and BPSD. Additionally, in elderly patients with dementia and BPSD, none of the atypical antipsychotics showed significant symptom improvements when compared to each other or haloperidol. There were no significant differences amongst the atypical antipsychotics i ...
... placebo among patients with dementia and BPSD. Additionally, in elderly patients with dementia and BPSD, none of the atypical antipsychotics showed significant symptom improvements when compared to each other or haloperidol. There were no significant differences amongst the atypical antipsychotics i ...
Pharmacology
... C. Its mechanism of action is completely different from that included low self-esteem, with frequent ruminations of chlorpromazine on her worthlessness, and hypersomnia. She was D. It is more potent as an antipsychotic drug than is chlorhyperphagic and complained that her limbs felt heavy. promazine ...
... C. Its mechanism of action is completely different from that included low self-esteem, with frequent ruminations of chlorpromazine on her worthlessness, and hypersomnia. She was D. It is more potent as an antipsychotic drug than is chlorhyperphagic and complained that her limbs felt heavy. promazine ...
Dopamina. Monografia del farmaco.
... present, the duration may increase to 1 hour. The drug is widely distributed in the body but does not cross the bloodbrain barrier to a significant extent. Dopamine is metabolized in the liver, kidney and plasma by MAO and catechol-Omethyltransferase to the inactive compounds homovanillic acid (HVA) ...
... present, the duration may increase to 1 hour. The drug is widely distributed in the body but does not cross the bloodbrain barrier to a significant extent. Dopamine is metabolized in the liver, kidney and plasma by MAO and catechol-Omethyltransferase to the inactive compounds homovanillic acid (HVA) ...
Chronic Treatment with Dopamine Receptor Antagonists
... a dose-response for EEDQ was performed, in which rats received 1 mg/ kg, 2 mg/kg, or 4 mg/kg EEDQ. For protection experiments testing the specificity of flupentixol in vivo, rats were injected (s.c.) with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 mg/kg flupentixol dissolved in saline, or the saline vehicle 40 min befor ...
... a dose-response for EEDQ was performed, in which rats received 1 mg/ kg, 2 mg/kg, or 4 mg/kg EEDQ. For protection experiments testing the specificity of flupentixol in vivo, rats were injected (s.c.) with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 mg/kg flupentixol dissolved in saline, or the saline vehicle 40 min befor ...
The adjuvant use of lansoprazole, clonazepam and dimenhydrinate
... a minor sedation of the patient, while being adjuvantly treated with dimenhydrinate. Dimenhydrinate represents a combination of diphenhydramine and 8-chloro theophylline in equal molecular proportions. We administered dimenhydrinate to our patient, due to its property of being a first generation his ...
... a minor sedation of the patient, while being adjuvantly treated with dimenhydrinate. Dimenhydrinate represents a combination of diphenhydramine and 8-chloro theophylline in equal molecular proportions. We administered dimenhydrinate to our patient, due to its property of being a first generation his ...
DOPamine Hydrochloride and 5% Dextrose Injection, USP
... myocardium to the action of certain intravenously administered catecholamines, such as dopamine. This interaction appears to be related both to pressor activity and to the beta-adrenergic stimulating properties of these catecholamines, and may produce ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore, EXTREME CAUT ...
... myocardium to the action of certain intravenously administered catecholamines, such as dopamine. This interaction appears to be related both to pressor activity and to the beta-adrenergic stimulating properties of these catecholamines, and may produce ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore, EXTREME CAUT ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... hyperprolactinemiasubjects,the menstrual dysfunctions observed were oligomenorrhea in 47.5%(n=19), amenorrhea in 35%(n=14) and normal mentrual cycles in 17.5%(n=7) of subjects receiving antipsychotics.This indicates that menstrual dysfunction is associated with hyperprolactinemia it is in agreement ...
... hyperprolactinemiasubjects,the menstrual dysfunctions observed were oligomenorrhea in 47.5%(n=19), amenorrhea in 35%(n=14) and normal mentrual cycles in 17.5%(n=7) of subjects receiving antipsychotics.This indicates that menstrual dysfunction is associated with hyperprolactinemia it is in agreement ...
Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs on Extracellular Dopamine Levels in
... compared with subcortical regions may contribute to their ability to improve negative symptoms (Deutch et al., 1991). This hypothesis is consistent with preferential in vivo and in vitro binding of 5-HT2A/D2 receptor antagonists to cortical 5-HT2A compared with striatal D2 receptors (Meltzer et al., ...
... compared with subcortical regions may contribute to their ability to improve negative symptoms (Deutch et al., 1991). This hypothesis is consistent with preferential in vivo and in vitro binding of 5-HT2A/D2 receptor antagonists to cortical 5-HT2A compared with striatal D2 receptors (Meltzer et al., ...
Risperdal - The Main Line Center for the Family
... overall activity, from the earlier, typical antipsychotic medications such as chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and Haldol (haloperidol). The second-generation antipsychotics have a wider spectrum of activity, with fewer side effects associated with movement disorders, than the typical antipsychotics. T ...
... overall activity, from the earlier, typical antipsychotic medications such as chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and Haldol (haloperidol). The second-generation antipsychotics have a wider spectrum of activity, with fewer side effects associated with movement disorders, than the typical antipsychotics. T ...
Print this article - Hospital Chronicles
... As an endogenous substance, nitric oxide provides the body with antithrombotic, antiatherogenic, and vasodilating effects rendering tremendous latitude for the demands of daily life.3–5 The two other vasodilators, at low doses, presented in this paper, are the catecholamines dopamine and epinephrine ...
... As an endogenous substance, nitric oxide provides the body with antithrombotic, antiatherogenic, and vasodilating effects rendering tremendous latitude for the demands of daily life.3–5 The two other vasodilators, at low doses, presented in this paper, are the catecholamines dopamine and epinephrine ...
6 points each
... “Olanzapine’s antagonism of muscarinic M1-5 receptors may explain its anticholinergic effects.” Anticholinergic effects cause dry mouth among other symptoms. Thus, relatively decreased affinity for M1-5 receptors may decrease dry mouth. The dry mouth is probably caused by blockade of peripheral M3 r ...
... “Olanzapine’s antagonism of muscarinic M1-5 receptors may explain its anticholinergic effects.” Anticholinergic effects cause dry mouth among other symptoms. Thus, relatively decreased affinity for M1-5 receptors may decrease dry mouth. The dry mouth is probably caused by blockade of peripheral M3 r ...
Anti-emetic activity of four species of Genus Cassia in chicks
... intestine and prevent their further ingestion. Emesis is a complex process which comprise of three phases pre - ejection phase (gastric relaxation and retro-peristalsis) , retching (rhythmic action of respiratory muscles preceding vomiting and consisting of contraction of abdominal , intercostals an ...
... intestine and prevent their further ingestion. Emesis is a complex process which comprise of three phases pre - ejection phase (gastric relaxation and retro-peristalsis) , retching (rhythmic action of respiratory muscles preceding vomiting and consisting of contraction of abdominal , intercostals an ...
John Salamone: Dopamine, Motivation and Schizophrenia
... with DAergic drugs • D2 antagonists yield antipsychotic effects • D2 affinity highly correlated with antipsychotic potency • D2 occupancy at therapeutic doses of antipsychotics • Drugs that augment DA transmission induce or exacerbate symptoms of schizophrenia (e.g. amphetamines, cocaine, L-DOPA) ...
... with DAergic drugs • D2 antagonists yield antipsychotic effects • D2 affinity highly correlated with antipsychotic potency • D2 occupancy at therapeutic doses of antipsychotics • Drugs that augment DA transmission induce or exacerbate symptoms of schizophrenia (e.g. amphetamines, cocaine, L-DOPA) ...
pdf
... administered typical APDs (e.g., haloperidol, pimozide) or atypical APDs such as clozapine, risperidone, and quetiapine disrupt active components of maternal behavior (e.g., pup retrieval, pup licking, and nest building) when given at doses that give rise to brain D2 receptor occupancy levels that a ...
... administered typical APDs (e.g., haloperidol, pimozide) or atypical APDs such as clozapine, risperidone, and quetiapine disrupt active components of maternal behavior (e.g., pup retrieval, pup licking, and nest building) when given at doses that give rise to brain D2 receptor occupancy levels that a ...
Drug-induced hypo- and hyperprolactinemia: mechanisms, clinical
... control with its own secretion/concentration in the biophase. The inhibition of secretion is triggered by activation of hypothalamic dopamine neurons or directly, by acting on the lactotroph cells [5]. The cholinergic system in the hypophysis, by activation of the muscarinic receptors, exerts a toni ...
... control with its own secretion/concentration in the biophase. The inhibition of secretion is triggered by activation of hypothalamic dopamine neurons or directly, by acting on the lactotroph cells [5]. The cholinergic system in the hypophysis, by activation of the muscarinic receptors, exerts a toni ...
Ibogaine
... There’s evidence that antagonists of the NMDA subtype of Glutamate receptors are a potentially promising class of agents for the development of medications for addiction I.apparent activity as a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist has been suggested to be a possible mechanism of anti-addictive action ...
... There’s evidence that antagonists of the NMDA subtype of Glutamate receptors are a potentially promising class of agents for the development of medications for addiction I.apparent activity as a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist has been suggested to be a possible mechanism of anti-addictive action ...
Antipsychotic Drugs - Pharmacological Reviews
... dopamine receptors of the D2, D3, or D4 subclasses is thought to be important for their mechanisms of action. Consideration of carefully defined affinities of the drugs for these three receptors suggests that occupancy of the D4 subclass is not mandatory for achieving antipsychotic effects, but acti ...
... dopamine receptors of the D2, D3, or D4 subclasses is thought to be important for their mechanisms of action. Consideration of carefully defined affinities of the drugs for these three receptors suggests that occupancy of the D4 subclass is not mandatory for achieving antipsychotic effects, but acti ...
Efficacy of atypical v. typical antipsychotics in the treatment of early
... to extrapyramidal side-effects.13 Their younger age also puts them at risk of longer exposure to the potential metabolic complications of newer antipsychotics.14 Avoiding adverse effects when individuals first start treatment is particularly important as it may colour their attitude to medication an ...
... to extrapyramidal side-effects.13 Their younger age also puts them at risk of longer exposure to the potential metabolic complications of newer antipsychotics.14 Avoiding adverse effects when individuals first start treatment is particularly important as it may colour their attitude to medication an ...
The Muscarinic Receptor Agonist Xanomeline Has an Antipsychotic
... In the present study we have examined the effects of xanomeline in additional rat models of psychosis. These include the reversal of amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (Arnt, 1995) and apomorphine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition (Swerdlow et al., 1994). We also examined the effects of xan ...
... In the present study we have examined the effects of xanomeline in additional rat models of psychosis. These include the reversal of amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (Arnt, 1995) and apomorphine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition (Swerdlow et al., 1994). We also examined the effects of xan ...
Chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine (CPZ) — marketed as Thorazine among others — is a dopamine antagonist of the typical anti-psychotic class of medications possessing additional antiadrenergic, anti-serotonergic, anticholinergic and antihistaminergic properties used to treat schizophrenia. First synthesized on December 11, 1951, chlorpromazine was the first drug developed with specific antipsychotic action and would serve as the prototype for the phenothiazine class of drugs, which comprises several other agents. The introduction of chlorpromazine during the 1950s has been described as the single greatest advance in the history of psychiatric care, improving the prognosis of people in psychiatric hospitals.Chlorpromazine works on a variety of receptors in the central nervous system, producing potent anticholinergic, antidopaminergic, antihistaminic, and antiadrenergic effects. Both the clinical indications and side effect profile of CPZ are determined by the broadness of its action: its anticholinergic properties cause constipation, sedation, and hypotension but also help relieve nausea. It also has anxiolytic (anxiety-relieving) properties. Its antidopaminergic properties can cause extrapyramidal symptoms, such as akathisia (restlessness, where the patient walks almost constantly, despite having nowhere to go due to mandatory confinement) and dystonia. It is known to cause tardive dyskinesia, which can be irreversible. In acute settings, it is often administered as a syrup, which has a faster onset of action than tablets, and it can also be given by intramuscular injection. IV administration is very irritating and is not advised; its use is limited to severe hiccups, surgery, and tetanus.Chlorpromazine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.