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Powerpoint ()
Powerpoint ()

... • Scala has this, known as Option • In general, if null is possible, use Option ...
PythonFunc
PythonFunc

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... An instruction is a statement that executes (is carried out by the computer at runtime). Usually this is one line of code. In Object Oriented Programming, an instruction is defined as a method or ...
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... LISP definitions of the primitives. Use only the built-in LISP functions listed above. 2. Load your primitives file and test each function thoroughly 3. Create a second file using a text editor that contains the LISP definitions of the functionals. Note: You do not have define composition or conditi ...
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... Requires Abstraction – requires to think using concepts and about what needs to be done and not how it is done Abstract out the control flow patterns and give them names to easily reuse the control pattern » For example in most languages we explicitly write a loop every time we want to process an ar ...
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... Disadvantages of infix notation:  only possible for 2 arguments  danger of ambiguities: a1 + a2 * a3 must be resolved by priority rule Both prefix and infix notation are used in many programming languages, e.g. C and Java 3rd possibility: "postfix notation" used in the language PostScript for all ...
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... • The return statement indicates the value that is returned by the function. • The return statement is optional. If there is no return statement, the function is often called a procedure. • Procedures are often used to perform duties such as printing output or storing a ...
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... functions. Functionals: apply() Functionals are functions of functions. apply() takes any function in R and applies it to elements of a list or rows or columns of a matrix. Apply is an extremely powerful tool that can simplify your code. In general, apply()takes the form: apply(X, MARGIN, FUN, …) X ...
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... Aaron W. Hsu William J. Bowman [email protected] [email protected] Indiana University APL deserves another look. Most people think of APL only peripherally as a language with terse syntax and strange symbols in its code. While programmers used to other programming languages may encounter an initi ...
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... Creating Functions Write these functions in Lisp using only our primitives. 1. IG, a function that takes a positive integer as an argument and returns (1 2 … n) 2. second, the function that returns the second element of a list. 3. ALLTRUE?, a function that takes a list as an argument and returns T ...
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APL syntax and symbols

The APL programming language is distinctive in being symbolic rather than lexical: its primitives are denoted by symbols, not words. These symbols were originally devised as a mathematical notation. APL programmers often assign informal names when discussing functions and operators (for example, product for ×/) but the core functions and operators provided by the language are denoted by non-textual symbols.
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