108回国家試験 角田郁生 2016年7月5日
... of tongue, gums, hooves; resembles FMDV; can infect humans associated with animals causing flu-like mild disease Lyssavirus – Spread by bloodstream contact with infected animal fluids (saliva in animal bite or inhalation of wastes) Rabies – only mammals are significant hosts; slow incubation leading ...
... of tongue, gums, hooves; resembles FMDV; can infect humans associated with animals causing flu-like mild disease Lyssavirus – Spread by bloodstream contact with infected animal fluids (saliva in animal bite or inhalation of wastes) Rabies – only mammals are significant hosts; slow incubation leading ...
Picorna viruses family
... Rhinoviruses rarely cause lower respiratory tract disease in healthy individuals, although they are associated with the majority of acute asthma exacerbations. Chilliness is an early symptom of the common cold. Symptoms last for 7 days → non productive cough may last 2-3 weeks The average adult has ...
... Rhinoviruses rarely cause lower respiratory tract disease in healthy individuals, although they are associated with the majority of acute asthma exacerbations. Chilliness is an early symptom of the common cold. Symptoms last for 7 days → non productive cough may last 2-3 weeks The average adult has ...
Scarlet fever
... start fade and the skin will peel. Peeling may last up to 10 days. Other symptoms may be abdominal pain, vomiting, head ache and muscle/joint pain. Transmission: The time between becoming infected and presenting of symptoms is short, 1-2 days. Infection occurs by contact with the infected person’s r ...
... start fade and the skin will peel. Peeling may last up to 10 days. Other symptoms may be abdominal pain, vomiting, head ache and muscle/joint pain. Transmission: The time between becoming infected and presenting of symptoms is short, 1-2 days. Infection occurs by contact with the infected person’s r ...
continued - Human Kinetics
... contact; by exposure to infected blood; and by contact with mucous membranes. ...
... contact; by exposure to infected blood; and by contact with mucous membranes. ...
Document
... Prevention is possible by active immunization with live, attenuated VZV (OKA strain) For contact person varicella-zoster ...
... Prevention is possible by active immunization with live, attenuated VZV (OKA strain) For contact person varicella-zoster ...
20.1_Viruses
... Proteins on their surface membrane that trick receptor cells on host cell into accepting its genetic material ...
... Proteins on their surface membrane that trick receptor cells on host cell into accepting its genetic material ...
Chagas` Disease - Bakersfield College
... transfusion in a local Rio de Janeiro hospital. The physician refers him to the hospital where he is admitted for observation. A chest X-ray shows both hepatosplenomegaly and heart enlargement and an EKG shows a systolic murmur. The patient does not remember being bitten by anything during his time ...
... transfusion in a local Rio de Janeiro hospital. The physician refers him to the hospital where he is admitted for observation. A chest X-ray shows both hepatosplenomegaly and heart enlargement and an EKG shows a systolic murmur. The patient does not remember being bitten by anything during his time ...
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
... H1N1 Virus A “triple reassortment” virus consisting of human, avian, and swine influenzas Virus strains 90% identical to H1N1 have been circulating in swine for approximately 10 years Combination of viral strains thought to have arisen when live pigs were transported between North America and Euras ...
... H1N1 Virus A “triple reassortment” virus consisting of human, avian, and swine influenzas Virus strains 90% identical to H1N1 have been circulating in swine for approximately 10 years Combination of viral strains thought to have arisen when live pigs were transported between North America and Euras ...
Bacteria and Viruses (Chapter 19)
... against a virus Oncogenic viruses – viruses that cause cancer ...
... against a virus Oncogenic viruses – viruses that cause cancer ...
chronic infections
... the PNS Postulated immunopathogenesis of GBS associated with C. jejuni infection. B cells recognize glycoconjugates on C. jejuni (Cj) (triangles) that cross-react with ganglioside present on Schwann cell surface and subjacent peripheral nerve myelin. Some B cells, activated via a T cell–independent ...
... the PNS Postulated immunopathogenesis of GBS associated with C. jejuni infection. B cells recognize glycoconjugates on C. jejuni (Cj) (triangles) that cross-react with ganglioside present on Schwann cell surface and subjacent peripheral nerve myelin. Some B cells, activated via a T cell–independent ...
May 15, 2009
... have bees on the farm, it has been a standard practice on the farm for a number of years to apply pollen and we have continued this practice in Orchard 1 and 2. ...
... have bees on the farm, it has been a standard practice on the farm for a number of years to apply pollen and we have continued this practice in Orchard 1 and 2. ...
VIRUSES
... There are two different pathways a virus follows when it enters the host cell: Lytic Cycle: the virus enters the host, makes copies of itself and then destroys the cell Lysogenic Cycle: the virus integrates its DNA into the DNA of the host cell so that the virus’s genetic information is copied ...
... There are two different pathways a virus follows when it enters the host cell: Lytic Cycle: the virus enters the host, makes copies of itself and then destroys the cell Lysogenic Cycle: the virus integrates its DNA into the DNA of the host cell so that the virus’s genetic information is copied ...
West Nile - Felicia Henderson
... also can transmit WNV through their bites to humans and other "incidental hosts," such as horses. With so many susceptible hosts to amplify the virus and so many types of mosquitoes to transmit it, WNV has spread rapidly across the United States. ...
... also can transmit WNV through their bites to humans and other "incidental hosts," such as horses. With so many susceptible hosts to amplify the virus and so many types of mosquitoes to transmit it, WNV has spread rapidly across the United States. ...
Infection Control, Medical Emergencies, Vital Signs & Oxygen
... in large numbers and cause an obstruction Cause tissue damage Secrete substance that produce effects in the body ...
... in large numbers and cause an obstruction Cause tissue damage Secrete substance that produce effects in the body ...
Reducing Infections
... Cather Associated Urinary Tract Infections ( CAUTI)- Get all devices out as soon as possible to reduce the risk of infections. Do a daily assessment of the need for a Foley catheter and/ or central line and document the reason for not removing the device in the patient’s medical record. ...
... Cather Associated Urinary Tract Infections ( CAUTI)- Get all devices out as soon as possible to reduce the risk of infections. Do a daily assessment of the need for a Foley catheter and/ or central line and document the reason for not removing the device in the patient’s medical record. ...
2. Treatment
... Main surface Ags: Vi antigen (S. typhi), K antigen (E. coli) Inhibit specific agglutination of O antiserum Associated with invasiveness of enteric bacilli (3) H Ag – flagella protein: Specificity of H antigen is determined by the arrangement and stereoscopic form of amino acids within polypeptides. ...
... Main surface Ags: Vi antigen (S. typhi), K antigen (E. coli) Inhibit specific agglutination of O antiserum Associated with invasiveness of enteric bacilli (3) H Ag – flagella protein: Specificity of H antigen is determined by the arrangement and stereoscopic form of amino acids within polypeptides. ...
Epstein–Barr Virus
... therapy is largely supportive. Specific (not antiviral) therapies are available for EBV-associated malignancies. ...
... therapy is largely supportive. Specific (not antiviral) therapies are available for EBV-associated malignancies. ...
Unofficial translation
... stable HIV treatment. For an HIV-positive patient to be considered to be on stable HIV treatment, as is apparent from the opinion, it requires that the patient has a consistently high adherence to their medication, that at least two consecutive viral measurements with 3-6 month intervals show that p ...
... stable HIV treatment. For an HIV-positive patient to be considered to be on stable HIV treatment, as is apparent from the opinion, it requires that the patient has a consistently high adherence to their medication, that at least two consecutive viral measurements with 3-6 month intervals show that p ...
Bloodborne Pathogens - Safety Session
... administered a series of Hepatitis-B Virus (HBV) Vaccinations. Further tests indicated that there was no HBV transmission to the lab assistant. Never clean up and contaminated material with your hands… even if you wear gloves. ...
... administered a series of Hepatitis-B Virus (HBV) Vaccinations. Further tests indicated that there was no HBV transmission to the lab assistant. Never clean up and contaminated material with your hands… even if you wear gloves. ...
Principles of Infection control
... • At present there is no preventive immunization, but a vaccine is being developed ...
... • At present there is no preventive immunization, but a vaccine is being developed ...
Bloodborne Pathogen Training - San Diego Unified School District
... since the vaccine became available in 1995 Vaccine consists of two doses given 6 months apart ...
... since the vaccine became available in 1995 Vaccine consists of two doses given 6 months apart ...
Chapter 21: Infectious Diseases - Holy Trinity Diocesan High School
... o Pneumonia: serious infection of the lungs o Mono: fatigue, sore throat, infection of lymph nodes o Hepatitis: fever, nausea, pain in abdomen, jaundice A (through waste, contaminated food/water; vaccine) B (blood, sex, tattoos; vaccine) C (blood, sex, tattoo; liver transplant, no vaccine) ii. Treat ...
... o Pneumonia: serious infection of the lungs o Mono: fatigue, sore throat, infection of lymph nodes o Hepatitis: fever, nausea, pain in abdomen, jaundice A (through waste, contaminated food/water; vaccine) B (blood, sex, tattoos; vaccine) C (blood, sex, tattoo; liver transplant, no vaccine) ii. Treat ...
Does soluble CD26 predict outcome of acute hepatitis E
... Background: Even without treatment, most of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infected patients resolve HEV but sometimes the disease leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extrahepatic symptoms. The mechanisms of HEV pathogenesis appear to be substantially immune mediated. However, the imm ...
... Background: Even without treatment, most of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infected patients resolve HEV but sometimes the disease leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extrahepatic symptoms. The mechanisms of HEV pathogenesis appear to be substantially immune mediated. However, the imm ...
Hepatitis A Virus
... HAV can circulate in the blood enclosed in lipidassociated membrane fragments that may transiently protect the virus from neutralizing antibodies.Viremia may be present during the early stages of jaundice but usually terminates shortly after hepatitis develops. Virus-specific nucleic acid may be det ...
... HAV can circulate in the blood enclosed in lipidassociated membrane fragments that may transiently protect the virus from neutralizing antibodies.Viremia may be present during the early stages of jaundice but usually terminates shortly after hepatitis develops. Virus-specific nucleic acid may be det ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Energy Training Council
... Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • The HIV virus is very fragile and will not survive very long outside of the human body. It is primarily of concern to employees providing first aid or medical care in situations involving fresh blood or other ...
... Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • The HIV virus is very fragile and will not survive very long outside of the human body. It is primarily of concern to employees providing first aid or medical care in situations involving fresh blood or other ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.