P40 pharmacogenomics of HCV genotype 3a infection from Pakistani population
... among the Pakistani population as a genetic factor. No allele or genotype pattern was associated in pharmacogenomics of HCV. Some virological parameters were associated with therapy success as reported previously in other studies. Key word: HCV, Pharmacogenomics, Interleukin-12 P40, SVR ...
... among the Pakistani population as a genetic factor. No allele or genotype pattern was associated in pharmacogenomics of HCV. Some virological parameters were associated with therapy success as reported previously in other studies. Key word: HCV, Pharmacogenomics, Interleukin-12 P40, SVR ...
Slides - gserianne.com
... Viral Hepatitis • Viral Hepatitis (Hepatotropic viruses: A, B, C, D, and E) – Hepatitis viruses designated as HAV, HBV, etc. – Some other viruses can infect the liver as well, e.g., EBV, CMV, HSV – Viral infection typically causes inflammation of the liver – Hepatitis viral types differ in ...
... Viral Hepatitis • Viral Hepatitis (Hepatotropic viruses: A, B, C, D, and E) – Hepatitis viruses designated as HAV, HBV, etc. – Some other viruses can infect the liver as well, e.g., EBV, CMV, HSV – Viral infection typically causes inflammation of the liver – Hepatitis viral types differ in ...
Pathogens that cause disease
... • It appears that we all contain the genetic instructions to make normal prion protein. The protein occurs mainly in nerve cells and its function is unknown. • If we become infected with a defective prion it converts normal protein into prion protein. This is the equivalent of a prion replicating it ...
... • It appears that we all contain the genetic instructions to make normal prion protein. The protein occurs mainly in nerve cells and its function is unknown. • If we become infected with a defective prion it converts normal protein into prion protein. This is the equivalent of a prion replicating it ...
Goat Sheep Peste des Petits Ruminants FVSU
... typical microscopic lesions by histopathology. Differential diagnoses include: coccidiosis, contagious ecthyma, pasteurella pneumonia, CCPP, FMD. ...
... typical microscopic lesions by histopathology. Differential diagnoses include: coccidiosis, contagious ecthyma, pasteurella pneumonia, CCPP, FMD. ...
Teacher Preparation Notes for Some Similarities between the
... and use of condoms). -- Don't use intravenous drugs. -- Treatment of a pregnant woman can reduce the risk that her baby will be infected with HIV. 3. Differences in spread of airborne vs. person-to-person contact diseases Airborne diseases can be spread to multiple people at the same time and can be ...
... and use of condoms). -- Don't use intravenous drugs. -- Treatment of a pregnant woman can reduce the risk that her baby will be infected with HIV. 3. Differences in spread of airborne vs. person-to-person contact diseases Airborne diseases can be spread to multiple people at the same time and can be ...
What are Viruses?
... for living hosts, but… … they still could not be directly observed! (1930: invention of the electron microscope) ...
... for living hosts, but… … they still could not be directly observed! (1930: invention of the electron microscope) ...
STUDENT HEALTH SERVICES Urinary Tract Infections (UTl`s)
... Urinary tract infections are usually caused when bacteria that normally live in our digestive system get into the bladder. UTls are much more frequent in women than men, largely due to anatomical differences. The nearness of the female urethral opening to the vagina and rectum makes it easy for bact ...
... Urinary tract infections are usually caused when bacteria that normally live in our digestive system get into the bladder. UTls are much more frequent in women than men, largely due to anatomical differences. The nearness of the female urethral opening to the vagina and rectum makes it easy for bact ...
Mouse Parvoviruses | Charles River Research Animal Diagnostic
... Mouse parvoviruses can only replicate in cells undergoing active division. This translates into a modification of biological responses, especially those that depend on cell multiplication. More generally, MPV-1 infection affects immunology research in the mouse by causing derangement of immune funct ...
... Mouse parvoviruses can only replicate in cells undergoing active division. This translates into a modification of biological responses, especially those that depend on cell multiplication. More generally, MPV-1 infection affects immunology research in the mouse by causing derangement of immune funct ...
Effector cytotoxic T lymphocyte numbers induced
... vaccine formulations and delivery systems. However, the conditions required for a CTL-inducing vaccine to provide protection from infection or disease are poorly understood, and the results of challenge experiments have not been consistent. Here we use a mathematical model to examine the requirement ...
... vaccine formulations and delivery systems. However, the conditions required for a CTL-inducing vaccine to provide protection from infection or disease are poorly understood, and the results of challenge experiments have not been consistent. Here we use a mathematical model to examine the requirement ...
CFRI`s Cross Infection Control Policy
... Cystic Fibrosis Research, Inc. (CFRI) is committed to the safety and well‐being of all people attending CFRI sponsored activities. CFRI promotes stringent cross infection guidelines in maintaining high standards to minimize the risk of cross infection at CFRI events and elsewhere as fitting. CFRI ...
... Cystic Fibrosis Research, Inc. (CFRI) is committed to the safety and well‐being of all people attending CFRI sponsored activities. CFRI promotes stringent cross infection guidelines in maintaining high standards to minimize the risk of cross infection at CFRI events and elsewhere as fitting. CFRI ...
Infection and Tumor Formation in Chickens By Avian Leukosis Virus
... virus (RSV) in chemical as well as biological properties, and they are the members of avian leukovirus as classified by Fenner.4) The recent studies have· revealed that all the avian leukovirus share common antigen of core proteins and they could be divided into four subgroups (A, B, C, D,) by the d ...
... virus (RSV) in chemical as well as biological properties, and they are the members of avian leukovirus as classified by Fenner.4) The recent studies have· revealed that all the avian leukovirus share common antigen of core proteins and they could be divided into four subgroups (A, B, C, D,) by the d ...
157 Pathology C 601 Infectious Diseases Assignment page
... - shingles - long dormant period - adult or aged - what else is going on with the patient? - painful and sometimes hemorrhagic ...
... - shingles - long dormant period - adult or aged - what else is going on with the patient? - painful and sometimes hemorrhagic ...
flooring transitions in healthcare environments
... “Surfaces that are porous or textured may be difficult to clean and might therefore harbor potentially pathogenic microbes. …survival of these pathogens for even a short time increases the possibility of their being acquired by patients or health‐care workers and spread from one person to the next ...
... “Surfaces that are porous or textured may be difficult to clean and might therefore harbor potentially pathogenic microbes. …survival of these pathogens for even a short time increases the possibility of their being acquired by patients or health‐care workers and spread from one person to the next ...
Lecture 1
... o Affects about 95% of unvaccinated urban dogs but only a few show clinical signs. o Only about 50% of those showing clinical signs manifest the typical signs of canine distemper o About 50% of those showing clinical signs die i.e. there is high mortality rate. o Suckling pups may be born infected e ...
... o Affects about 95% of unvaccinated urban dogs but only a few show clinical signs. o Only about 50% of those showing clinical signs manifest the typical signs of canine distemper o About 50% of those showing clinical signs die i.e. there is high mortality rate. o Suckling pups may be born infected e ...
immunology and medical microbiology
... or RDE) which breaks down the mucoprotein receptors. It has been suggested that motility and their neuraminidase enables V. cholerae to gain access to the intestinal mucosal surface and initiate infection. It is now known that the cholera toxin gene is carried by the CTX filamentous bacteriophage. T ...
... or RDE) which breaks down the mucoprotein receptors. It has been suggested that motility and their neuraminidase enables V. cholerae to gain access to the intestinal mucosal surface and initiate infection. It is now known that the cholera toxin gene is carried by the CTX filamentous bacteriophage. T ...
Infection, prevention and control policy
... gloves are to be worn 3. Hands should always be washed after handling urine and testing urine 4. Samples of urine in open containers are to be handled carefully to avoid spillage and transported a minimum distance after production to analysis, and after analysis to disposal 5. If required the sample ...
... gloves are to be worn 3. Hands should always be washed after handling urine and testing urine 4. Samples of urine in open containers are to be handled carefully to avoid spillage and transported a minimum distance after production to analysis, and after analysis to disposal 5. If required the sample ...
View - merial avian forum 2014
... Factors to consider: Vaccination & diversity • Vaccination – Must be properly administered – Can reduce the severity of clinical signs and mortality – Has best effect if there is a good antigenic match between vaccine and field virus: are new vaccines always needed? ...
... Factors to consider: Vaccination & diversity • Vaccination – Must be properly administered – Can reduce the severity of clinical signs and mortality – Has best effect if there is a good antigenic match between vaccine and field virus: are new vaccines always needed? ...
Virus ppt
... but instead of it replicating, its nucleic acid becomes part of the cell’s nucleic acid When the cell replicates, so does the virus nucleic acid ...
... but instead of it replicating, its nucleic acid becomes part of the cell’s nucleic acid When the cell replicates, so does the virus nucleic acid ...
Biological Awareness Risk Assessment
... BSL 1: Practices, safety equipment and facilities are appropriate for projects with defined and characterized strains of viable micro-organisms not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans. ...
... BSL 1: Practices, safety equipment and facilities are appropriate for projects with defined and characterized strains of viable micro-organisms not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans. ...
Bloodborne Pathogens Module
... --develop AIDS-related illness (cancer, neurological problems and other opportunistic infections) ...
... --develop AIDS-related illness (cancer, neurological problems and other opportunistic infections) ...
Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a species of Chlamydophila bacteria
... cause of lower respiratory tract infection and hospital visits during infancy and childhood. There is no vaccine, and the only treatment is oxygen. RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, which includes common respiratory viruses such as those causing measle ...
... cause of lower respiratory tract infection and hospital visits during infancy and childhood. There is no vaccine, and the only treatment is oxygen. RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, which includes common respiratory viruses such as those causing measle ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.