Practice Exam 1 – ANSWERS
... B. Barrel Cacti C. The addition of fertilizer to Cactus B D. Sunlight E. The cactus with no fertilizer 7. What is the “control”? A. The soil B. Barrel Cacti C. The addition of fertilizer to Cactus B D. The cactus with no fertilizer E. The fact that you had no control over the cactus's death. 8. What ...
... B. Barrel Cacti C. The addition of fertilizer to Cactus B D. Sunlight E. The cactus with no fertilizer 7. What is the “control”? A. The soil B. Barrel Cacti C. The addition of fertilizer to Cactus B D. The cactus with no fertilizer E. The fact that you had no control over the cactus's death. 8. What ...
感染致病性
... LD50 半 数 致 死 量 : The number of pathogens required to cause lethal disease in half of the exposed hosts is called an LD50. ID50 半 数 感 染 量 : The number of pathogens required to cause disease (or, at least, infection) in half of the exposed hosts is called the ID50 ...
... LD50 半 数 致 死 量 : The number of pathogens required to cause lethal disease in half of the exposed hosts is called an LD50. ID50 半 数 感 染 量 : The number of pathogens required to cause disease (or, at least, infection) in half of the exposed hosts is called the ID50 ...
The Hepatitis B and Delta Viruses - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
... several of these viruses are specifically associated with the development of HCC, which is one of the few cancers that is increasing in incidence. Furthermore, chronic infection frequently causes liver cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation, necessitating liver transplantation to ensure survival of th ...
... several of these viruses are specifically associated with the development of HCC, which is one of the few cancers that is increasing in incidence. Furthermore, chronic infection frequently causes liver cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation, necessitating liver transplantation to ensure survival of th ...
T4 helper cell
... once it is inside T4 helper cells Other drugs block HIV at other stages of its infection and reproduction cycle Combinations of these drugs successful in slowing or stopping progress of HIV Serious side effects, drug-resistant strains of HIV developed ...
... once it is inside T4 helper cells Other drugs block HIV at other stages of its infection and reproduction cycle Combinations of these drugs successful in slowing or stopping progress of HIV Serious side effects, drug-resistant strains of HIV developed ...
STD Facts - World of Teaching
... Incubation Window – it can take 6 wks to 6 mths for anti. to form after exposure to HIV. This test should be done at least 6 wks after a person is or thinks they are infected. ...
... Incubation Window – it can take 6 wks to 6 mths for anti. to form after exposure to HIV. This test should be done at least 6 wks after a person is or thinks they are infected. ...
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
... Symptoms resemble a form of pneumonia and can be treated accordingly About 15% of known cases have been fatal ...
... Symptoms resemble a form of pneumonia and can be treated accordingly About 15% of known cases have been fatal ...
Human simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
... These two herpes viruses are thought to cause relatively mild human disease compared to the other herpes viruses. However, ongoing research is attributing more (and more severe) diseases to these viruses. Both HHV6 and HHV-7 are known to cause roseola infantum, a rash common in young children. In al ...
... These two herpes viruses are thought to cause relatively mild human disease compared to the other herpes viruses. However, ongoing research is attributing more (and more severe) diseases to these viruses. Both HHV6 and HHV-7 are known to cause roseola infantum, a rash common in young children. In al ...
Epidemiology of Initial and Recurrent Episodes of Infection in Left
... to VAD infection were skin flora (36.4%) and other gram positives(27.3%). In patients with multiple episodes, VAD infection in the first episode was due to Staphylococcus aureus in 66.7% of cases. For relapses, predominant organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (36.5%), Enterobacteriaceae (22.0%) and ...
... to VAD infection were skin flora (36.4%) and other gram positives(27.3%). In patients with multiple episodes, VAD infection in the first episode was due to Staphylococcus aureus in 66.7% of cases. For relapses, predominant organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (36.5%), Enterobacteriaceae (22.0%) and ...
Viruses - Houston ISD
... proteins on their surfaces that allow them to infect their host cells. Some viruses do not change very often, so the vaccines for these viruses remain effective- smallpox, polio, and measles are all easily prevented using vaccines. However, some viruses have surface proteins that mutate (change) oft ...
... proteins on their surfaces that allow them to infect their host cells. Some viruses do not change very often, so the vaccines for these viruses remain effective- smallpox, polio, and measles are all easily prevented using vaccines. However, some viruses have surface proteins that mutate (change) oft ...
Norovirus and Its Importance in School Cafeterias
... Symptoms usually resolve on their own after 2-3 days, but may be more severe in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised people After becoming infected with the virus, it takes 24-48 hours to show symptoms ...
... Symptoms usually resolve on their own after 2-3 days, but may be more severe in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised people After becoming infected with the virus, it takes 24-48 hours to show symptoms ...
Arabis mosaic virus and Grapevine fanleaf virus (ArMV+
... The ELISA technique is an efficient method for the detection of these viruses in grapevine. However, the virus concentration varies considerably according to the tissue source, the meteorological conditions and thus, the time of the season. These facts have to be considered for obtaining reliable tes ...
... The ELISA technique is an efficient method for the detection of these viruses in grapevine. However, the virus concentration varies considerably according to the tissue source, the meteorological conditions and thus, the time of the season. These facts have to be considered for obtaining reliable tes ...
1. Pre-renal failure
... This condition is due to affection of the kidney tissue either by inflammatory process, infection, neoplasm’s or calculi. 3. Post –renal failure: This condition is due to inadequate flow of the concentrated urine in the urinary tract as in cases of obstruction or rupture of the bladder and/or urethr ...
... This condition is due to affection of the kidney tissue either by inflammatory process, infection, neoplasm’s or calculi. 3. Post –renal failure: This condition is due to inadequate flow of the concentrated urine in the urinary tract as in cases of obstruction or rupture of the bladder and/or urethr ...
Microarray gene analysis induced by Leishmania infection
... causing a spectrum of diseases collectively referred to a leishmaniasis. A genomic approach using DNA microarray technology will be used to analyze gene expression in infected host cells will provide invaluable information of both host response mechanisms to intracellular pathogens and pathogen indu ...
... causing a spectrum of diseases collectively referred to a leishmaniasis. A genomic approach using DNA microarray technology will be used to analyze gene expression in infected host cells will provide invaluable information of both host response mechanisms to intracellular pathogens and pathogen indu ...
Chapter Fifteen
... Hepatitis A (HAV) – fecal-oral contact; vaccine-preventable Hepatitis B (HBV) – high-risk sexual behaviors Hepatitis C (HCV) – sexual behavior, drug use, unscreened blood transfusion Incidence: HAV: 1/3 in the U.S. HBV: 1.25 million in the U.S. HCV: 3.9 million in the U.S. ...
... Hepatitis A (HAV) – fecal-oral contact; vaccine-preventable Hepatitis B (HBV) – high-risk sexual behaviors Hepatitis C (HCV) – sexual behavior, drug use, unscreened blood transfusion Incidence: HAV: 1/3 in the U.S. HBV: 1.25 million in the U.S. HCV: 3.9 million in the U.S. ...
Estimating the prevalence of infectious bursal disease
... PCR is accepted to be the most sensitive test for detection of IBD virus (Moody et al, 2000). Despite this, there are no quantitative estimates available for this parameter. Based on the qualitative information available and discussions with microbiological experts the sensitivity of the RT-PCR test ...
... PCR is accepted to be the most sensitive test for detection of IBD virus (Moody et al, 2000). Despite this, there are no quantitative estimates available for this parameter. Based on the qualitative information available and discussions with microbiological experts the sensitivity of the RT-PCR test ...
Bio 102 Practice Problems Viruses
... functions, including transport, communication, etc. The proteins in an enveloped virus’ bilayer are not functioning or involved in metabolism: the only major function of the envelope is to allow fusion with a new host cell. ...
... functions, including transport, communication, etc. The proteins in an enveloped virus’ bilayer are not functioning or involved in metabolism: the only major function of the envelope is to allow fusion with a new host cell. ...
Malicious Logic and Defenses
... – When Trojan horse can propagate freely and insert a copy of itself into another file, it becomes a computer virus. – A computer virus is a program that insert itself into one or more files and then performs some action. – The first phase in which the virus insert itself into a file is called the i ...
... – When Trojan horse can propagate freely and insert a copy of itself into another file, it becomes a computer virus. – A computer virus is a program that insert itself into one or more files and then performs some action. – The first phase in which the virus insert itself into a file is called the i ...
Tuberculosis – the disease, its treatment and prevention
... Can I request a BCG vaccination for myself or my children? Only those individuals who have specific risk factors for TB will be offered a BCG vaccination. ...
... Can I request a BCG vaccination for myself or my children? Only those individuals who have specific risk factors for TB will be offered a BCG vaccination. ...
Reptile Pathogens - Pinmoore Animal Laboratory Services Limited
... these viruses and an infected animal is considered a potential carrier for the rest of its life. A direct detection of Mycoplasma can be done via culture or by means of PCR. However, the detection via culture can take up to six weeks, while the success is also dependent on the quality of the sample ...
... these viruses and an infected animal is considered a potential carrier for the rest of its life. A direct detection of Mycoplasma can be done via culture or by means of PCR. However, the detection via culture can take up to six weeks, while the success is also dependent on the quality of the sample ...
ZIKA VIRUS: INFORMATION FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
... Asymptomatic infections are more common than symptomatic infections. Only 1 in 4 people infected with Zika virus are believed to develop symptoms. This is particularly important when discussing Zika virus infection with pregnant women, sexual partners of pregnant women, those planning pregnancies or ...
... Asymptomatic infections are more common than symptomatic infections. Only 1 in 4 people infected with Zika virus are believed to develop symptoms. This is particularly important when discussing Zika virus infection with pregnant women, sexual partners of pregnant women, those planning pregnancies or ...
Rate/100,000 population of acute & indeterminate* hepatitis B
... Liver Disease in Canada: A Crisis in the Making An Assessment of Liver Disease in Canada Summary of a report prepared by the Canadian Liver Foundation, March 2013 ...
... Liver Disease in Canada: A Crisis in the Making An Assessment of Liver Disease in Canada Summary of a report prepared by the Canadian Liver Foundation, March 2013 ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.