1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
... and winter of 1918–1919, respectively (Figure 1). Is it possible that a poorly-adapted H1N1 virus was already beginning to spread in 1915, causing some serious illnesses but not yet sufficiently fit to initiate a pandemic? Data consistent with this possibility were reported at the time from European ...
... and winter of 1918–1919, respectively (Figure 1). Is it possible that a poorly-adapted H1N1 virus was already beginning to spread in 1915, causing some serious illnesses but not yet sufficiently fit to initiate a pandemic? Data consistent with this possibility were reported at the time from European ...
Efficiency of Mycoinsecticides Controlling Pest Populations of the
... plants are yellowing and dieing away, called hopperburn. Ordinarily, the rice fields are invaded by long-winged adults. 7 - 10 days after oviposition, they are developing from eggs into nymphs which are passing through five stages during 13 - 15 days. After that, the short-winged cicada is prevalen ...
... plants are yellowing and dieing away, called hopperburn. Ordinarily, the rice fields are invaded by long-winged adults. 7 - 10 days after oviposition, they are developing from eggs into nymphs which are passing through five stages during 13 - 15 days. After that, the short-winged cicada is prevalen ...
Syphilis - STA HealthCare Communications
... test, such as a rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or venereal diseases research laboratory (VDRL) test to detect the production of non-specific antibodies that react with cardiolipin. A number of conditions can lead to false positive non-treponemal tests. Because RPR is a screen, if testing is performed too ...
... test, such as a rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or venereal diseases research laboratory (VDRL) test to detect the production of non-specific antibodies that react with cardiolipin. A number of conditions can lead to false positive non-treponemal tests. Because RPR is a screen, if testing is performed too ...
Staying Healthy in Child Care - Preventing infectious
... don’t come in contact with many people. The adults they meet are generally immune to many childhood illnesses because they had them as children or they have been vaccinated. Because of this immunity, adults cannot transmit those infections to children. Spending time in child care centres or other fa ...
... don’t come in contact with many people. The adults they meet are generally immune to many childhood illnesses because they had them as children or they have been vaccinated. Because of this immunity, adults cannot transmit those infections to children. Spending time in child care centres or other fa ...
BMC Infectious Diseases serum selenium in HIV-1 infected women
... women, low serum selenium was independently associated with serum albumin and with the acute phase response, but not with CD4 count or plasma viral load. Further prospective studies may help determine whether associations between low serum selenium and low CD4 count [6,9] and more advanced HIV-1 dis ...
... women, low serum selenium was independently associated with serum albumin and with the acute phase response, but not with CD4 count or plasma viral load. Further prospective studies may help determine whether associations between low serum selenium and low CD4 count [6,9] and more advanced HIV-1 dis ...
Hepatic mucormycosis with abscess formation
... this case is unknown, although it is most likely that the source was gastrointestinal with local extension into the liver, since there was no evidence of a pulmonary source of infection on surgical intervention or radiographic imaging. The development of improved chemotherapies for hematologic malig ...
... this case is unknown, although it is most likely that the source was gastrointestinal with local extension into the liver, since there was no evidence of a pulmonary source of infection on surgical intervention or radiographic imaging. The development of improved chemotherapies for hematologic malig ...
NIH Public Access
... VTE in postsurgical populations.5,16–20 Much of this literature attributes the association to the release of cytokines associated with infection leading to an inflammatory state that results in an increased propensity toward VTE.1,2,4 In our previous study, we identified a significant relationship b ...
... VTE in postsurgical populations.5,16–20 Much of this literature attributes the association to the release of cytokines associated with infection leading to an inflammatory state that results in an increased propensity toward VTE.1,2,4 In our previous study, we identified a significant relationship b ...
1.4 Viruses - Ministry of Health
... HAdVs have been shown to occur in substantial numbers in raw water sources and drinking-water supplies (Chapron et al. 2000). The USEPA has included HAdV as a pathogen likely to be in drinkingwater or drinking-water sources on the preliminary contaminant candidate list (PCCL) in the DrinkingWater Co ...
... HAdVs have been shown to occur in substantial numbers in raw water sources and drinking-water supplies (Chapron et al. 2000). The USEPA has included HAdV as a pathogen likely to be in drinkingwater or drinking-water sources on the preliminary contaminant candidate list (PCCL) in the DrinkingWater Co ...
Influenza models with Wolfram Mathematica
... special case of the general one constructed by Kermack and McKendrick that included dependence on the time elapsed since infection; however it is an important building block of more complex models. The population is divided into three classes labeled by S, I, and R. Let SHtL denote the number of ind ...
... special case of the general one constructed by Kermack and McKendrick that included dependence on the time elapsed since infection; however it is an important building block of more complex models. The population is divided into three classes labeled by S, I, and R. Let SHtL denote the number of ind ...
Intra-abdominal Infection - Infectious Diseases Society of America
... 20. For health care–associated infections, Gram stains may help define the presence of yeast (C-III). 21. Routine aerobic and anaerobic cultures from lower-risk patients with community-acquired infection are considered optional in the individual patient but may be of value in detecting epidemiologic ...
... 20. For health care–associated infections, Gram stains may help define the presence of yeast (C-III). 21. Routine aerobic and anaerobic cultures from lower-risk patients with community-acquired infection are considered optional in the individual patient but may be of value in detecting epidemiologic ...
Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF
... Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common and frequently recurrent bacterial disease accounting for approximately 8 million doctor visits per year, with an estimated total cost of $450 million annually in the United States [1,2]. More than 50% of women will experience at least one UTI during th ...
... Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common and frequently recurrent bacterial disease accounting for approximately 8 million doctor visits per year, with an estimated total cost of $450 million annually in the United States [1,2]. More than 50% of women will experience at least one UTI during th ...
PHS 398 (Rev. 9/04), Biographical Sketch Format Page
... von Herrath, M.G., D. Homann, M.B.A. Oldstone. The role of viruses. In: Immunologically Mediated Endocrine Diseases. R. Gill et al., eds., Lippincott Raven, Philadelphia. (2000) Bureau, J.-F., S. Le Goff, D. Thomas, A.F. Parlow, J.C. de la Torre, D. Homann, M. Brahic, M.B.A. Oldstone. Disruption of ...
... von Herrath, M.G., D. Homann, M.B.A. Oldstone. The role of viruses. In: Immunologically Mediated Endocrine Diseases. R. Gill et al., eds., Lippincott Raven, Philadelphia. (2000) Bureau, J.-F., S. Le Goff, D. Thomas, A.F. Parlow, J.C. de la Torre, D. Homann, M. Brahic, M.B.A. Oldstone. Disruption of ...
Information
... better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms). How long can an infected person spread swine flu to others? ...
... better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms). How long can an infected person spread swine flu to others? ...
pathology of the mouth and salivary glands
... Clinical term for a white patch occurring on the surface of a mucous membrane In the mouth, the term is used to include only those white patches or plaques that will not rub off, and that are not caused by another oral disease Has been associated with tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse Most c ...
... Clinical term for a white patch occurring on the surface of a mucous membrane In the mouth, the term is used to include only those white patches or plaques that will not rub off, and that are not caused by another oral disease Has been associated with tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse Most c ...
Vaccine Information Statement HPV (Human Papillomavirus
... Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States. More than half of sexually active men and women are infected with HPV at some time in their lives. About 20 million Americans are currently infected, and about 6 million more get infected each year ...
... Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States. More than half of sexually active men and women are infected with HPV at some time in their lives. About 20 million Americans are currently infected, and about 6 million more get infected each year ...
PC 212 Final Report 2004
... reduced heating of the crop during the experiment. Symptom severity is reported to be considerably less once the temperature falls below 18°C, even if for just a few hours. This probably explains the lack of symptom expression by infected plants. The increase in the number of plants testing positive ...
... reduced heating of the crop during the experiment. Symptom severity is reported to be considerably less once the temperature falls below 18°C, even if for just a few hours. This probably explains the lack of symptom expression by infected plants. The increase in the number of plants testing positive ...
Diagnosis and Management of Complicated Intra
... Evidence-based guidelines for managing patients with intra-abdominal infection were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. These updated guidelines replace those previously published in 2002 and 2003. The guidelines are intended ...
... Evidence-based guidelines for managing patients with intra-abdominal infection were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. These updated guidelines replace those previously published in 2002 and 2003. The guidelines are intended ...
Standard Precaution and Transmission
... members having clinical contact. Standard Precautions are designed to minimize the risk of cross infection between patients and others in the facility, including visitors. This Procedure also outlines the process for the treating of patients with communicable diseases/infections by the WCDHB staff m ...
... members having clinical contact. Standard Precautions are designed to minimize the risk of cross infection between patients and others in the facility, including visitors. This Procedure also outlines the process for the treating of patients with communicable diseases/infections by the WCDHB staff m ...
Infectious Diseases Policy
... Exclude children, educators/staff, volunteers or visitors who have infectious diseases other than listed above in accordance with the NHMRC Recommended Minimum periods of exclusion. Ensure all educators/staff and persons working at the Service conform to all infectious disease policies. Isolate the ...
... Exclude children, educators/staff, volunteers or visitors who have infectious diseases other than listed above in accordance with the NHMRC Recommended Minimum periods of exclusion. Ensure all educators/staff and persons working at the Service conform to all infectious disease policies. Isolate the ...
Human norovirus transmission and evolution in a
... GII.6 and GII.12, are more often associated with foodborne transmission5. Genogroup GI strains are more often associated with waterborne transmission than GII strains7, a trait that may relate to the proposal that GI strains have a higher stability in water than GII strains. As strains may adapt to ...
... GII.6 and GII.12, are more often associated with foodborne transmission5. Genogroup GI strains are more often associated with waterborne transmission than GII strains7, a trait that may relate to the proposal that GI strains have a higher stability in water than GII strains. As strains may adapt to ...
OPA Solution - ActiveForever
... worldwide to high-level disinfect reusable medical and dental devices. As part of its commitment to infection prevention, ASP has conducted extensive tests to evaluate the efficacy of CIDEX OPA Solution. Results show that CIDEX OPA Solution is bactericidal—including for MRSA and VRE—mycobactericidal ...
... worldwide to high-level disinfect reusable medical and dental devices. As part of its commitment to infection prevention, ASP has conducted extensive tests to evaluate the efficacy of CIDEX OPA Solution. Results show that CIDEX OPA Solution is bactericidal—including for MRSA and VRE—mycobactericidal ...
Eradicating a Disease: Lessons from Mathematical Epidemiology
... Smallpox (Variola major and its less virulent cousin, Variola minor) is a viral disease spread from person to person by face-to-face or direct contact with bodily fluids or contaminated objects. Following a one- to two-week incubation period, infected persons generally develop fevers, rashes, and ev ...
... Smallpox (Variola major and its less virulent cousin, Variola minor) is a viral disease spread from person to person by face-to-face or direct contact with bodily fluids or contaminated objects. Following a one- to two-week incubation period, infected persons generally develop fevers, rashes, and ev ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.