Full Text
... The liver is a complicated environment comprised of several different cell types such as hepatocytes, parenchymal cells, Kupffer cells, natural killer cells, B cells, T cells, and stellate cells (1, 2), which are involved in various functions necessary for maintaining of the health. To maintain the ...
... The liver is a complicated environment comprised of several different cell types such as hepatocytes, parenchymal cells, Kupffer cells, natural killer cells, B cells, T cells, and stellate cells (1, 2), which are involved in various functions necessary for maintaining of the health. To maintain the ...
Presentation - National Resource for Infection Control
... 4) developing new drugs, treatments and diagnostics (and infection prevention and control interventions) 6) better identification and prioritisation of AMR research needs e.g. new drugs, improved rapid or point-ofcare diagnostic tests for humans (& animals). ...
... 4) developing new drugs, treatments and diagnostics (and infection prevention and control interventions) 6) better identification and prioritisation of AMR research needs e.g. new drugs, improved rapid or point-ofcare diagnostic tests for humans (& animals). ...
Substance misuse and TB
... treatment is carefully monitored by a healthcare team. Substitute drugs, such as methadone, and TB medication affect each other. When a member of your family starts treatment for TB they may require an increased substitute drug dose. The dose will then need to be reduced at the end of TB treatment o ...
... treatment is carefully monitored by a healthcare team. Substitute drugs, such as methadone, and TB medication affect each other. When a member of your family starts treatment for TB they may require an increased substitute drug dose. The dose will then need to be reduced at the end of TB treatment o ...
The Definition of Newcastle Disease
... Many of those employing conventional virological techniques merely measured phenotypic differences between a limited number of virulent and avirulent tested and could not be applied universally to estimate virulence. The ability of viruses to produce plaques or other cytopathic effects in cell cultu ...
... Many of those employing conventional virological techniques merely measured phenotypic differences between a limited number of virulent and avirulent tested and could not be applied universally to estimate virulence. The ability of viruses to produce plaques or other cytopathic effects in cell cultu ...
Infection Control
... bacteria – live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and lice – transmitted to humans through bites – invade the new host from within 2.02 Understand infection control procedures ...
... bacteria – live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and lice – transmitted to humans through bites – invade the new host from within 2.02 Understand infection control procedures ...
biographical sketch - CAP Network
... doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003584 In addition to work on RVFV above, I expanded my work to include other arboviruses of human importance. Again we have demonstrated a great burden of exposure to many pathogens (8) and a large proportion of infected vectors in our study sites (9). More recently, we ha ...
... doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003584 In addition to work on RVFV above, I expanded my work to include other arboviruses of human importance. Again we have demonstrated a great burden of exposure to many pathogens (8) and a large proportion of infected vectors in our study sites (9). More recently, we ha ...
HSII 2.02 Classes of Microorganisms
... bacteria – live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and lice – transmitted to humans through bites – invade the new host from within 2.02 Understand infection control procedures ...
... bacteria – live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and lice – transmitted to humans through bites – invade the new host from within 2.02 Understand infection control procedures ...
MICROBIOLOGY/INFECTIOUS DISEASES
... a. Not killed or incapacitated by being phagocytosed b. Escape antibody or complement mediated mechanisms of host defense c. Tropism for macrophages which are antigen- presenting cells (APC) allows manipulation of immune system —Evidence for two consecutive genetic loci which confers ability of bact ...
... a. Not killed or incapacitated by being phagocytosed b. Escape antibody or complement mediated mechanisms of host defense c. Tropism for macrophages which are antigen- presenting cells (APC) allows manipulation of immune system —Evidence for two consecutive genetic loci which confers ability of bact ...
Summary of Vicious Circles Paper - British Association for Sexual
... Larger increases in capacity gain control of transmission faster and so can be more short-term. Consequently, within reasonable limits, it is more cost-saving to have a larger increase in capacity than a smaller one. Nevertheless, it may take a while for the full benefit to be realised. Since it tak ...
... Larger increases in capacity gain control of transmission faster and so can be more short-term. Consequently, within reasonable limits, it is more cost-saving to have a larger increase in capacity than a smaller one. Nevertheless, it may take a while for the full benefit to be realised. Since it tak ...
Emerging (or not) Infectious Diseases
... entry into the body, macrophages and dendritic cells are probably the first cells to be infected. Filoviruses replicate readily within these ubiquitous "sentinel" cells, causing their necrosis and releasing large numbers of new viral particles into extracellular fluid. Spread to regional lymph nodes ...
... entry into the body, macrophages and dendritic cells are probably the first cells to be infected. Filoviruses replicate readily within these ubiquitous "sentinel" cells, causing their necrosis and releasing large numbers of new viral particles into extracellular fluid. Spread to regional lymph nodes ...
Prevalence of Ticks Infected with Human Pathogens in the Lehigh
... Overall B. burgdorferi infection rates for summer 2015 and 2016 are not significantly different from a similar study performed in 2014 at different sites in the Lehigh Valley which were 18.3% (20/109 nymphs, 95% CI: 11.6-26.9%) positive for this pathogen (Edwards et al. 2015). In summer 2015, B. mic ...
... Overall B. burgdorferi infection rates for summer 2015 and 2016 are not significantly different from a similar study performed in 2014 at different sites in the Lehigh Valley which were 18.3% (20/109 nymphs, 95% CI: 11.6-26.9%) positive for this pathogen (Edwards et al. 2015). In summer 2015, B. mic ...
Correspondence: A.M. Jones, Manchester Adult Cystic
... suspected or confirmed respiratory viral infection, particularly RSV or influenza [9]. Some respiratory viral infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic lung disease [10]. Confirmation of a respiratory viral infection may therefore prompt early institut ...
... suspected or confirmed respiratory viral infection, particularly RSV or influenza [9]. Some respiratory viral infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic lung disease [10]. Confirmation of a respiratory viral infection may therefore prompt early institut ...
1 - Philadelphia University
... infection of the liver; symptoms resemble the flu. – Hepatitis C: Caused by a different virus than Hepatitis B; can lead to permanent liver damage or cancer. – HIV: This virus suppresses the immune system; may lead to AIDS, which is eventually fatal. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... infection of the liver; symptoms resemble the flu. – Hepatitis C: Caused by a different virus than Hepatitis B; can lead to permanent liver damage or cancer. – HIV: This virus suppresses the immune system; may lead to AIDS, which is eventually fatal. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Pathophysiologic and Transcriptomic Analyses of
... by cardiovascular shock and multi-organ failure. Unvaccinated populations experience 20 to 50% fatality. Few studies have examined the pathophysiological changes that occur in humans during YFV infection due to the sporadic nature and remote locations of outbreaks. Rhesus macaques are highly suscept ...
... by cardiovascular shock and multi-organ failure. Unvaccinated populations experience 20 to 50% fatality. Few studies have examined the pathophysiological changes that occur in humans during YFV infection due to the sporadic nature and remote locations of outbreaks. Rhesus macaques are highly suscept ...
infectious diseasres of the nervous system
... No specific changes in blood, urine Mortality rate is > 50% Death is due to: Paralysis of respiration TREATMENT: HTIG: 3000-6000 units IM Tetanus toxoid: active immunization Pen G Sedatives, muscle relaxants Anticonvulsants Tracheoctomy for adequate hyperventilation ...
... No specific changes in blood, urine Mortality rate is > 50% Death is due to: Paralysis of respiration TREATMENT: HTIG: 3000-6000 units IM Tetanus toxoid: active immunization Pen G Sedatives, muscle relaxants Anticonvulsants Tracheoctomy for adequate hyperventilation ...
Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems
... Most common reported STI in US, ~ 4 mio cases/year “Silent disease” 50% of males asymptomatic 75% of females asymptomatic – PID possible! Chlamydial ophthalmia and/or pneumonia in newborn Diagnosis is based on the detection of chlamydial DNA in urine ...
... Most common reported STI in US, ~ 4 mio cases/year “Silent disease” 50% of males asymptomatic 75% of females asymptomatic – PID possible! Chlamydial ophthalmia and/or pneumonia in newborn Diagnosis is based on the detection of chlamydial DNA in urine ...
Primary immune response
... • ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) – IgG is binded on Ag; FcR for IgG on the NK cells surface; binding IgG and FcR is a stimul for NK degranulation on Ag (cytotoxic products) • complement activation via classical pathway → products of complement... ...
... • ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) – IgG is binded on Ag; FcR for IgG on the NK cells surface; binding IgG and FcR is a stimul for NK degranulation on Ag (cytotoxic products) • complement activation via classical pathway → products of complement... ...
PowerPoint
... Most common reported STI in US, ~ 4 mio cases/year “Silent disease” 50% of males asymptomatic 75% of females asymptomatic – PID possible! Chlamydial ophthalmia and/or pneumonia in newborn Diagnosis is based on the detection of chlamydial DNA in urine Annual screening tests recommended ...
... Most common reported STI in US, ~ 4 mio cases/year “Silent disease” 50% of males asymptomatic 75% of females asymptomatic – PID possible! Chlamydial ophthalmia and/or pneumonia in newborn Diagnosis is based on the detection of chlamydial DNA in urine Annual screening tests recommended ...
West Nile Virus
... parasites while hand washing and cleaning up after you pet will prevent the spread of any parasites that an animal may still have. ...
... parasites while hand washing and cleaning up after you pet will prevent the spread of any parasites that an animal may still have. ...
What You Need to Know To Administer an Injection - AAEC
... memory produced is similar to that caused by natural infection. Comes without the risks of the actual disease and associated complications. ...
... memory produced is similar to that caused by natural infection. Comes without the risks of the actual disease and associated complications. ...
Rhinitis and Sinusitis in Dogs
... • Displaced or badly injured pieces of bone (from trauma) may be removed. • Foreign bodies can often be successfully removed using rhinoscopy, and antibiotics may be started afterward. • Allergic rhinitis may require drugs aimed at minimizing the inflammation associated with the allergy, such as ant ...
... • Displaced or badly injured pieces of bone (from trauma) may be removed. • Foreign bodies can often be successfully removed using rhinoscopy, and antibiotics may be started afterward. • Allergic rhinitis may require drugs aimed at minimizing the inflammation associated with the allergy, such as ant ...
Congenital Pneumonia
... typically caused by an infection (agents can include bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites) May originate in the lung or may be a focal complication of a contagious or systemic inflammatory process May be intrauterine: Transplacental or aspiration of infected amniotic fluid May be acquired in t ...
... typically caused by an infection (agents can include bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites) May originate in the lung or may be a focal complication of a contagious or systemic inflammatory process May be intrauterine: Transplacental or aspiration of infected amniotic fluid May be acquired in t ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.