- Microbiology Online
... analysed, and those which have the epidemic strain surface proteins but other genes of the standard strain (shown in the yellow cone) will be selected. These are injected into different eggs to replicate before harvesting. ...
... analysed, and those which have the epidemic strain surface proteins but other genes of the standard strain (shown in the yellow cone) will be selected. These are injected into different eggs to replicate before harvesting. ...
No 11 - 2010 - EPI-NEWS - Statens Serum Institut
... testing should take place immediately in connection with the request and not, as previously, at a certain interval after the risk situation occurred, the so called window phase. Persons requesting a test may be informed that the majority of those infected test positive very quickly and that a negat ...
... testing should take place immediately in connection with the request and not, as previously, at a certain interval after the risk situation occurred, the so called window phase. Persons requesting a test may be informed that the majority of those infected test positive very quickly and that a negat ...
Emerging Diseases - UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
... development of a vaccine. HIV is actually a relatively non-infectious disease. It is estimated that infection in individuals without concurrent sexually transmitted diseases may occur only once in 500-1,000 exposures. Once successful infection occurs the incubation period to onset of clinical AIDS i ...
... development of a vaccine. HIV is actually a relatively non-infectious disease. It is estimated that infection in individuals without concurrent sexually transmitted diseases may occur only once in 500-1,000 exposures. Once successful infection occurs the incubation period to onset of clinical AIDS i ...
Avian Influenza Fact Sheet - Rutgers Food Policy Institute
... items are properly cooked and properly handled during food preparation. The H5N1 virus is sensitive to heat. Normal temperatures used for cooking (70°C in all parts of the food) will kill the virus. Consumers need to be sure that all parts of the poultry are fully cooked (no “pink parts) and that e ...
... items are properly cooked and properly handled during food preparation. The H5N1 virus is sensitive to heat. Normal temperatures used for cooking (70°C in all parts of the food) will kill the virus. Consumers need to be sure that all parts of the poultry are fully cooked (no “pink parts) and that e ...
中六生物科教材
... 3. Memory - formation of specific memory cells in the immune response so that the second invasion of the same antigen will result in a more rapid, stronger and long-lasting response (secondary response). Memory is absent in non-specific immune response. 10. Explain inflammatory response. Phagocytosi ...
... 3. Memory - formation of specific memory cells in the immune response so that the second invasion of the same antigen will result in a more rapid, stronger and long-lasting response (secondary response). Memory is absent in non-specific immune response. 10. Explain inflammatory response. Phagocytosi ...
Tick-borne viral diseases in the United States
... Ticks and mosquitoes collected from farmers’ residences and local areas to test for HRTV ...
... Ticks and mosquitoes collected from farmers’ residences and local areas to test for HRTV ...
scientific approaches Alan Stone (London, UK)
... • In principle could apply to any class of microbicide, but it applies especially to certain antiretroviral drugs such as reverse transcriptase inhibitors and possibly also to co-receptor blockers. • Genotypic and phenotypic basis of resistance (mutations, proteins, fitness etc). • Implications of r ...
... • In principle could apply to any class of microbicide, but it applies especially to certain antiretroviral drugs such as reverse transcriptase inhibitors and possibly also to co-receptor blockers. • Genotypic and phenotypic basis of resistance (mutations, proteins, fitness etc). • Implications of r ...
Cryoglobulinemia
... interferon and ribavirin therapy, interferon monotherapy was used with very little effectiveness. However, studies have found that the use of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin has produced better results especially in patients who achieve a sustained virological response. Cryoglobulin disappearanc ...
... interferon and ribavirin therapy, interferon monotherapy was used with very little effectiveness. However, studies have found that the use of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin has produced better results especially in patients who achieve a sustained virological response. Cryoglobulin disappearanc ...
Virology and Viral Disease
... pooled blood fractions for therapeutic use. This led to the sudden appearance of AIDS in hemophiliacs and sporadically in recipients of massive transfusions due to intensive surgery. Luckily, the incidence of disease in these last risk populations has been reduced owing to effective measures for scr ...
... pooled blood fractions for therapeutic use. This led to the sudden appearance of AIDS in hemophiliacs and sporadically in recipients of massive transfusions due to intensive surgery. Luckily, the incidence of disease in these last risk populations has been reduced owing to effective measures for scr ...
(BSE), or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. Prion proteins
... The unusual resistance to treatments destroying or modifying nucleic acids could result from a protective effect of the coat. ...
... The unusual resistance to treatments destroying or modifying nucleic acids could result from a protective effect of the coat. ...
Chapter 5
... Many virus particles are just a nucleic acid genome wrapped in a protein coat (Figure 5.3), but others may have an envelope around the coat and surface “spikes.” Ranging in size from 20 to over 350 nanometers, some viruses are larger than the smallest bacterium (smallpox). A complete viral particle ...
... Many virus particles are just a nucleic acid genome wrapped in a protein coat (Figure 5.3), but others may have an envelope around the coat and surface “spikes.” Ranging in size from 20 to over 350 nanometers, some viruses are larger than the smallest bacterium (smallpox). A complete viral particle ...
Factors influencing the outcome of infectious bronchitis vaccination
... protection is assessed. – Both VI and ciliostasis from the upper respiratory tract are widely used: studies to select the most meaningful one? – RT-PCR: studies to determine if it provides a reliable alternative. Including standardization, extremely sensitive is meaningful? Quantify! – Kidney: asses ...
... protection is assessed. – Both VI and ciliostasis from the upper respiratory tract are widely used: studies to select the most meaningful one? – RT-PCR: studies to determine if it provides a reliable alternative. Including standardization, extremely sensitive is meaningful? Quantify! – Kidney: asses ...
ppt
... headache, and vomiting, and usually appear between 10 and 15 days after the mosquito bite. If not treated, malaria can quickly become lifethreatening by disrupting the blood supply to vital organs. In many parts of the world, the parasites have developed resistance to a number of malaria ...
... headache, and vomiting, and usually appear between 10 and 15 days after the mosquito bite. If not treated, malaria can quickly become lifethreatening by disrupting the blood supply to vital organs. In many parts of the world, the parasites have developed resistance to a number of malaria ...
Types of vaccines
... Types of vaccines Subunit vaccines Protein subunit –a fragment of the organism is used to create an immune response. • hepatitis B vaccine- subunit vaccine composed of only the surface proteins of virus, ...
... Types of vaccines Subunit vaccines Protein subunit –a fragment of the organism is used to create an immune response. • hepatitis B vaccine- subunit vaccine composed of only the surface proteins of virus, ...
Bertiella - Erin DeLaney for ParaSites
... Argentina, Cuba and Paraguay. Reports of B. mucronata in monkeys in Peru have also surfaced. ...
... Argentina, Cuba and Paraguay. Reports of B. mucronata in monkeys in Peru have also surfaced. ...
MS Word - County of Sonoma
... or itchy feeling in the eyes and sensitivity to light. Conjunctivitis can begin in one eye, but usually ends up involving both eyes. The symptoms typically last for 3-5 days. HOW IS IT SPREAD? Infectious conjunctivitis (i.e., caused by bacteria or virus is spread by contact with secretions from the ...
... or itchy feeling in the eyes and sensitivity to light. Conjunctivitis can begin in one eye, but usually ends up involving both eyes. The symptoms typically last for 3-5 days. HOW IS IT SPREAD? Infectious conjunctivitis (i.e., caused by bacteria or virus is spread by contact with secretions from the ...
(pink eye). WHAT IS IT?
... or itchy feeling in the eyes and sensitivity to light. Conjunctivitis can begin in one eye, but usually ends up involving both eyes. The symptoms typically last for 3-5 days. HOW IS IT SPREAD? Infectious conjunctivitis (i.e., caused by bacteria or virus is spread by contact with secretions from the ...
... or itchy feeling in the eyes and sensitivity to light. Conjunctivitis can begin in one eye, but usually ends up involving both eyes. The symptoms typically last for 3-5 days. HOW IS IT SPREAD? Infectious conjunctivitis (i.e., caused by bacteria or virus is spread by contact with secretions from the ...
by Stanley A. Plotkin
... are poor. CD8+ responses, rather than CD4+ responses correlate with antibody rises, and CD8+ CTL independently correlates with protection, particularly granzyme production ...
... are poor. CD8+ responses, rather than CD4+ responses correlate with antibody rises, and CD8+ CTL independently correlates with protection, particularly granzyme production ...
Pediatric Tuberculosis
... Indicates continued transmission in setting w/ poor epidemic control ...
... Indicates continued transmission in setting w/ poor epidemic control ...
Unit 5 - Amazon Web Services
... to contribute to the development of cancer include heredity, diet, and environment. You cannot get cancer by touching a person that is suffering from cancer. Viral Infections. Infectious diseases are caused by the spread of harmful microorganisms, which can be categorized into six groups: viruses, b ...
... to contribute to the development of cancer include heredity, diet, and environment. You cannot get cancer by touching a person that is suffering from cancer. Viral Infections. Infectious diseases are caused by the spread of harmful microorganisms, which can be categorized into six groups: viruses, b ...
OXGENATION DEFICITS
... a. (3) consecutive sputum specimens on three different days are obtained for C&S b. A positive sputum culture of tubercle bacilli confirms the diagnosis ...
... a. (3) consecutive sputum specimens on three different days are obtained for C&S b. A positive sputum culture of tubercle bacilli confirms the diagnosis ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
... infection, another 5% later in life • Thus, about 10% of infected persons with will develop TB at some point in life if not treated • Lab diagnosis of tuberculosis • Diagnosis of active disease ...
... infection, another 5% later in life • Thus, about 10% of infected persons with will develop TB at some point in life if not treated • Lab diagnosis of tuberculosis • Diagnosis of active disease ...
Opportunistic Systemic Mycoses
... only when conditions are favorable. Except for few fungi such as the dimorphic fungi that cause systemic mycoses and dermatophytes, which are primary pathogens, the rest are only opportunistic pathogens. The complex interplay between fungal virulence factors and host defense factors will determine i ...
... only when conditions are favorable. Except for few fungi such as the dimorphic fungi that cause systemic mycoses and dermatophytes, which are primary pathogens, the rest are only opportunistic pathogens. The complex interplay between fungal virulence factors and host defense factors will determine i ...
Document
... Dr. Verma's research interest is to study various host cell-signaling pathways associated with infection with viral pathogens to ultimately design therapeutic interventions and/or adjunct therapies to improve disease pathology. Focus of her ongoing projects is to understand immunological events cont ...
... Dr. Verma's research interest is to study various host cell-signaling pathways associated with infection with viral pathogens to ultimately design therapeutic interventions and/or adjunct therapies to improve disease pathology. Focus of her ongoing projects is to understand immunological events cont ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.