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Infection Prevention Student Module
Infection Prevention Student Module

... – Soiled areas ...
Nasty Things that want to harm us
Nasty Things that want to harm us

... Herpes simplex virus  Two strains of this virus ...
Reading Material - Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
Reading Material - Rutgers New Jersey Medical School

... tract, lung, liver, and spleen. In contrast, classic KS usually involves only one or a few areas of skin, most often the lower legs. At the time of diagnosis, some people with epidemic KS experience no symptoms, especially if their only lesions develop on the skin. However, many -- even those with n ...
See Preview - Turner White
See Preview - Turner White

... Review Manual is a study guide for fellows and practicing physicians preparing for board examinations in infectious disease. Each quarterly manual reviews a topic essential to current practice in the subspecialty of infectious ...
05-Viral gastroenteritis
05-Viral gastroenteritis

...  Icosahedral particles, 60-70 nm in diameter.  12-fibres one at each vertix.  The viral genome is ds-DNA.  Replicate in the nucleus.  49 distinct types, grouped into 6-subgenera (A-F).  Cause diarrhea in infants and young children . ...
Viral Structure and Life Cycles
Viral Structure and Life Cycles

... Identify better terms for viruses than alive or dead. Discuss the size of viruses relative to other microorganisms. Describe the function and structure(s) of viral capsids. Distinguish between enveloped and naked viruses. Explain the importance of viral surface proteins, or spikes. Diagram the possi ...
A Sensitive Nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol to Detect
A Sensitive Nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol to Detect

... it can be concluded that the protocol here described has a greater advantage over the previously described protocols that afford a direct comparison. Histopathology was the least sensitive test, since viral inclusion bodies and syncytial cells were only observed in two tracheal sections and a possib ...
Self-Replicative RNA Vaccines Elicit Protection against Influenza A
Self-Replicative RNA Vaccines Elicit Protection against Influenza A

... [8, 9, 11, 13]. However, the responses induced were sufficient to induce protective immunity from peripheral challenge with LIV and intranasal challenge with FLU or RSV. Similar to vaccination with other alpha viral vaccine vectors, a predominantly Th1 type immune response was induced, as determined ...
hivnet 012 study - BreakForNews.com
hivnet 012 study - BreakForNews.com

... CDC (1998). “Administration of zidovudine during late pregnancy and delivery to prevent perinatal HIV transmission--Thailand, 1996-1998.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports 47: 151-4. Shaffer, N., R. Chuachoowong, et al. (1999). “Short-course zidovudine for perinatal HIV-1 transmission in Bangko ...
Orientation
Orientation

... amounts of blood (especially if the skin is not intact), the source patient should be informed. Consent for HIV testing should be obtained by the attending physician. The source patient will also be screened for HBV and HCV. If the source for the exposure is unknown, the protocol for this situation ...
Epidemiology, disease and control of infections in ruminants by
Epidemiology, disease and control of infections in ruminants by

... The prevalence of rangeferine herpesvirus-1 (CerHV-2) is poorly documented and the virus is not associated with an overt clinical disease in reindeer, the natural host19. However, experimentally CerHV-2 does cause mild rhinitis in bovine calves accompanied by viral shedding for 6–9 days49. A key mec ...
STD and Avoiding Pregnancy
STD and Avoiding Pregnancy

Document
Document

... © Elsevier, 2011. ...
Immunization
Immunization

... and T cells. Memory B cell and memory T cells are responsible for a swift response to a second encounter with a foreign molecule. ...
Interference of passive and active immunity after vaccination of pigs
Interference of passive and active immunity after vaccination of pigs

... In this study the influence of maternal immunity against pseudorabies virus (PRV) on the development of humoral and T-cell mediated immune (CMI) responses was investigated. Pigs (n=82) born to immune sows were vaccinated with gE deleted vaccine according to five different schedules. The lymphocyte p ...
Viruses and Immunodeficiency
Viruses and Immunodeficiency

... © Elsevier, 2011. ...
Chapter 14 - Bakersfield College
Chapter 14 - Bakersfield College

... Perform the procedures described in this chapter ...
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 01-2013
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 01-2013

... In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary. Symptoms which may require hospitalization are very high fever, severe nausea and vomiting, and/or severe abdominal tenderness and pain. Antibiotics would then be administered intravenously (into the vein). In extreme cases, surgery of the infected re ...
August 2015 AN - Veterinary Medicines Directorate
August 2015 AN - Veterinary Medicines Directorate

... Avoid contamination of vaccine with traces of chemical sterilising agents. Do not use chemicals such as disinfectant or spirit to disinfect the skin prior to inoculation. Primary course vaccination: A single injection should establish active immunity to canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis ...
Viruses
Viruses

... What are they? How do they work? Where do they come from? And… What good are they? ...
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (German Measles) and Varicella
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (German Measles) and Varicella

... What are Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella and what are the complications of these diseases? These four diseases are caused by viruses. Measles, mumps and rubella are spread by contact with nose and throat secretions such as by coughing and sneezing. Varicella can be spread this way or by direct ...
IN THE NEWS - Lenus, The Irish Health Repository
IN THE NEWS - Lenus, The Irish Health Repository

... pathogenic strains of Leptospira spp. and can be spread through contact with rats or their urine, cattle or dogs, or foetal fluids from cattle. Symptoms of the disease can range from a flu-like illness to the more severe and even fatal consequences of the rare but acute form known as Weil’s disease. ...
Zika virus and neurology: proving cause and effect | SpringerLink
Zika virus and neurology: proving cause and effect | SpringerLink

... a case–control study GBS is a rare condition that encompasses various forms of acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy. It commonly presents as a monophasic, progressive symmetrical weakness with depressed or absent reflexes, often after an antecedent infection (Campylobacter jejuni gastroenter ...
OSTRICH VIRAL DISEASES 2000-2004 References from the
OSTRICH VIRAL DISEASES 2000-2004 References from the

... poultry vaccines can stimulate protective immunity lasting over six months. The viraemic period in vaccinated slaughter ostriches is between nine and eleven days and there are no indications of a carrier state or presence of the virus in the meat or any other tissues after this period, with peak imm ...
Guidance for the Public Health Management of Infection with
Guidance for the Public Health Management of Infection with

... The threshold for suspicion of VTEC infection should be low, and the diagnosis seriously considered when there is acute bloody diarrhoea. Specialist advice should be sought when this symptom occurs in an especially vulnerable person. ...
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Hepatitis B



Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.
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