Klin immunology_1
... 44. A woman of 36 years is on the 12-th week of the first pregnancy. We know from the history that she was treated for infertility. She visited friends and contacted with child who developed rubella in 2 days after meeting. Woman doesn’t know if she has ever been infected with rubella. What is the ...
... 44. A woman of 36 years is on the 12-th week of the first pregnancy. We know from the history that she was treated for infertility. She visited friends and contacted with child who developed rubella in 2 days after meeting. Woman doesn’t know if she has ever been infected with rubella. What is the ...
FULL TEXT - Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
... The biological efficiency depends on the microbial resistance to the sampling and analysis stress. The efficiencies of bioaerosol samplers have been extensively investigated [7, 8, 9]. Some studies conducted measurements with different samplers side-by-side in isolators or on sites where the microbi ...
... The biological efficiency depends on the microbial resistance to the sampling and analysis stress. The efficiencies of bioaerosol samplers have been extensively investigated [7, 8, 9]. Some studies conducted measurements with different samplers side-by-side in isolators or on sites where the microbi ...
Infection, vaccines and other environmental triggers of autoimmunity
... development of SLE [13]. The EBV has been examined as a potential candidate (both due to its ubiquitous nature and its ability to stimulate lymphoid responses) particularly in RA and SLE. Increased EBV reactivation has been demonstrated in some patients with SLE, as evidenced by increased viral DNA ...
... development of SLE [13]. The EBV has been examined as a potential candidate (both due to its ubiquitous nature and its ability to stimulate lymphoid responses) particularly in RA and SLE. Increased EBV reactivation has been demonstrated in some patients with SLE, as evidenced by increased viral DNA ...
Detection of yellow fever virus: a comparison of
... Yellow fever virus quantitation is performed routinely by cultivation of virus containing samples using susceptible cells. Counting of the resulting plaques provides a marker for the number of infectious particles present in the sample. This assay usually takes up to 5 days before results are obtain ...
... Yellow fever virus quantitation is performed routinely by cultivation of virus containing samples using susceptible cells. Counting of the resulting plaques provides a marker for the number of infectious particles present in the sample. This assay usually takes up to 5 days before results are obtain ...
BIOSAFETY
... A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventive measures are not ...
... A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventive measures are not ...
Structures of immature flavivirus particles
... encephalitis virus (TBEV), rely on insects for their transmission between vertebrate hosts. Although ¯aviviruses have a similar structural organization to that of the alphaviruses (family Togaviridae), they have a different gene order and utilize a different strategy for genome ...
... encephalitis virus (TBEV), rely on insects for their transmission between vertebrate hosts. Although ¯aviviruses have a similar structural organization to that of the alphaviruses (family Togaviridae), they have a different gene order and utilize a different strategy for genome ...
7 days - Will Brownsberger
... leading to fear, panic and resistance to proposed response measures Close community ties across border areas impacting on care-seeking behaviors and contact tracing Magnitude and spread of the outbreak in the 3 most affected countries requires enormous commitment of resources and robust sustained re ...
... leading to fear, panic and resistance to proposed response measures Close community ties across border areas impacting on care-seeking behaviors and contact tracing Magnitude and spread of the outbreak in the 3 most affected countries requires enormous commitment of resources and robust sustained re ...
An Interview With Research Immunologist Tetyana Obukhanych, PhD
... immunity? Immunology does not study immunity. Immunology studies how the immune system responds to immunization—that is, to the injection of a “foreign” protein or particle (virus, bacteria). Immunologic research focuses mainly on the long-term changes that occur in immunologic organs and bodily flu ...
... immunity? Immunology does not study immunity. Immunology studies how the immune system responds to immunization—that is, to the injection of a “foreign” protein or particle (virus, bacteria). Immunologic research focuses mainly on the long-term changes that occur in immunologic organs and bodily flu ...
Influenza Virus-Like Particles Containing M2 Induce Broadly Cross Protective Immunity
... native form of M2. This result is consistent with those observed by immunization with the tetrameric ectodomain of M2 GCN4 conjugate vaccines [22]. Low but detectable levels of antibodies to an M1 peptide pool antigen were observed in the M1 only VLP group (Fig. 2C), which were similar to the M2 VLP ...
... native form of M2. This result is consistent with those observed by immunization with the tetrameric ectodomain of M2 GCN4 conjugate vaccines [22]. Low but detectable levels of antibodies to an M1 peptide pool antigen were observed in the M1 only VLP group (Fig. 2C), which were similar to the M2 VLP ...
Avian Influenza - Asia Pacific Advanced Network
... • People with no direct contact with poultry were infected. • There was one fatal case of a 57-year-old veterinarian, who died from acute respiratory distress syndrome. Tests showed H7N7 to be the cause. • In a follow-up study, an improved assay showed that about 1000-2000 people were infected, thou ...
... • People with no direct contact with poultry were infected. • There was one fatal case of a 57-year-old veterinarian, who died from acute respiratory distress syndrome. Tests showed H7N7 to be the cause. • In a follow-up study, an improved assay showed that about 1000-2000 people were infected, thou ...
novel approaches to treating feline infectious peritonitis (fip)
... important viral pathogens from diverse viral families, including HIV-1, influenza, SARS coronavirus, and FMDV. For some viruses these finding have been extended to in vivo animal models, where induction of a virus specific RNAi response results in reduced viral load and associated pathology. We eval ...
... important viral pathogens from diverse viral families, including HIV-1, influenza, SARS coronavirus, and FMDV. For some viruses these finding have been extended to in vivo animal models, where induction of a virus specific RNAi response results in reduced viral load and associated pathology. We eval ...
Implementation of a National Monitoring System for West Nile Fever
... : Recurrent infections from birds and mosquitoes, spread by infected mosquitoes to humans and horses by blood ingestion ...
... : Recurrent infections from birds and mosquitoes, spread by infected mosquitoes to humans and horses by blood ingestion ...
Selected Abstracts 2006-2012 - HHV
... patients with other causes of epilepsy. They speculated that HHV-6B might cause seizures by interfering with the astrocyte’s ability to transport glutamate. (Fotheringham 2007) A German group found HHV-6 DNA in 56% of MTLE patients with a history of encephalitis, but not in the patients with a histo ...
... patients with other causes of epilepsy. They speculated that HHV-6B might cause seizures by interfering with the astrocyte’s ability to transport glutamate. (Fotheringham 2007) A German group found HHV-6 DNA in 56% of MTLE patients with a history of encephalitis, but not in the patients with a histo ...
Roundworms
... movement. This bowel movement contains the eggs of the roundworm. These eggs are passed a long in the stool of an infected pet and can contaminate the ground where that feces is located. The transmission often happens when pets are grooming themselves after coming into contact with the infected grou ...
... movement. This bowel movement contains the eggs of the roundworm. These eggs are passed a long in the stool of an infected pet and can contaminate the ground where that feces is located. The transmission often happens when pets are grooming themselves after coming into contact with the infected grou ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
... solid evidence that they are of benefit. FIP is almost invariably fatal. In fact, cats that survive FIP…. usually didn’t have it in the first place. FIP – risk to companion cats Cats with FIP will probably be shedding feline coronavirus but it’s very rare for them to shed the mutated virus that’s tr ...
... solid evidence that they are of benefit. FIP is almost invariably fatal. In fact, cats that survive FIP…. usually didn’t have it in the first place. FIP – risk to companion cats Cats with FIP will probably be shedding feline coronavirus but it’s very rare for them to shed the mutated virus that’s tr ...
Slide 1
... for the patient’s constitutional symptoms. If patient has no signs or symptoms of infection. ...
... for the patient’s constitutional symptoms. If patient has no signs or symptoms of infection. ...
Susceptibility of the Endangered California Tiger
... our breeding colony, and the A. californiense and A. t. mavortium were provided by H. B. Shaffer (University of California, Davis, California) (12 salamanders of each species/subspecies); all animals were surplus animals that could not be reintroduced into natural populations. The A. t. mavortium we ...
... our breeding colony, and the A. californiense and A. t. mavortium were provided by H. B. Shaffer (University of California, Davis, California) (12 salamanders of each species/subspecies); all animals were surplus animals that could not be reintroduced into natural populations. The A. t. mavortium we ...
downloadable - Medical Research Council
... The 2014 ‘MRC Review of Vaccines Research’ led by IIB had highlighted the following key point: ‘Immune correlates of protection – Advancing research and development (R&D) of novel vaccines that elicit a protective immune response will require identification of the differences between general immune ...
... The 2014 ‘MRC Review of Vaccines Research’ led by IIB had highlighted the following key point: ‘Immune correlates of protection – Advancing research and development (R&D) of novel vaccines that elicit a protective immune response will require identification of the differences between general immune ...
http://www0.nih.go.jp/JJID/57/44.pdf
... episodes in the adult group. These cases were frequently associated with head trauma and neurosurgical procedures as underlying conditions. Based on the present analysis, it appears that such infection among adults are more complicated and require more time to eradicate. In our study, pediatric CSF ...
... episodes in the adult group. These cases were frequently associated with head trauma and neurosurgical procedures as underlying conditions. Based on the present analysis, it appears that such infection among adults are more complicated and require more time to eradicate. In our study, pediatric CSF ...
A probabilistic model in cross-sectional studies for identifying
... growing number of studies are reporting simultaneous infections by microorganisms which can be pathogenic in many different mammal hosts (wild and domestic animals and humans [5–8]). Pathogen interactions are of crucial medical concern because they can alter host susceptibility, infection length and ...
... growing number of studies are reporting simultaneous infections by microorganisms which can be pathogenic in many different mammal hosts (wild and domestic animals and humans [5–8]). Pathogen interactions are of crucial medical concern because they can alter host susceptibility, infection length and ...
Rubella Factsheet PDF
... against infection with measles, mumps and rubella, and MMRV vaccine which also protects ...
... against infection with measles, mumps and rubella, and MMRV vaccine which also protects ...
Common health issues in school
... Fifth disease is a fairly common viral infection also known as erythema infectiosum or 'slapped cheek disease' (because the first symptom to appear is usually a bright red rash on the cheeks). It's mildly contagious and tends to occur in outbreaks, often in the spring, among toddlers and small child ...
... Fifth disease is a fairly common viral infection also known as erythema infectiosum or 'slapped cheek disease' (because the first symptom to appear is usually a bright red rash on the cheeks). It's mildly contagious and tends to occur in outbreaks, often in the spring, among toddlers and small child ...
Ulcer Disease - Gastrointestinal Society
... within the digestive tract that contains concentrated gastric juice. The main components of gastric juice are water, mucus, hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and electrolytes. Ulcers most commonly occur in the first part of the small intestine below the stomach (duodenum), and can occur at the lower end o ...
... within the digestive tract that contains concentrated gastric juice. The main components of gastric juice are water, mucus, hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and electrolytes. Ulcers most commonly occur in the first part of the small intestine below the stomach (duodenum), and can occur at the lower end o ...
acquired
... Coccidiosis • Symptoms – most dogs infected do not have any clinical signs – pups and weak adult dogs affected may have diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal distress and vomiting – death may occur in severe cases ...
... Coccidiosis • Symptoms – most dogs infected do not have any clinical signs – pups and weak adult dogs affected may have diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal distress and vomiting – death may occur in severe cases ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.