avian influenza shedding patterns in waterfowl
... AI virus shed by wild waterfowl. We used published laboratory challenge studies to evaluate the length and quantity of low pathogenic (LP) and highly pathogenic (HP) virus shed via oral and cloacal routes by AI-infected ducks and geese, and how these factors might influence AI epidemiology and virus ...
... AI virus shed by wild waterfowl. We used published laboratory challenge studies to evaluate the length and quantity of low pathogenic (LP) and highly pathogenic (HP) virus shed via oral and cloacal routes by AI-infected ducks and geese, and how these factors might influence AI epidemiology and virus ...
Hine and Mcdiarmant - Australian Prawn Farmers Association
... - the pathogen in the flesh must survive storage and processing and be present at an infectious dose - the pathogen must be able to establish infection by the oral route or by being present in the water in which the fish swims - scraps of the flesh product must find their way into a susceptible fish ...
... - the pathogen in the flesh must survive storage and processing and be present at an infectious dose - the pathogen must be able to establish infection by the oral route or by being present in the water in which the fish swims - scraps of the flesh product must find their way into a susceptible fish ...
Outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa
... On 6 October, the Spanish authorities reported a confirmed case of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in a healthcare worker who cared for a patient with Ebola infection repatriated to Spain. The ongoing investigation in Spain is providing information to further understand how the infection was transmitted t ...
... On 6 October, the Spanish authorities reported a confirmed case of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in a healthcare worker who cared for a patient with Ebola infection repatriated to Spain. The ongoing investigation in Spain is providing information to further understand how the infection was transmitted t ...
6967-module-hfn-206-communicable-dx-1
... diseases are diseases that are the result of a causative organism spreading from one person to another or from animals to people. They are among the major causes of illnesses in Kenya and the entire Africa. These diseases affect people of all ages but more so children, due to their exposure to envir ...
... diseases are diseases that are the result of a causative organism spreading from one person to another or from animals to people. They are among the major causes of illnesses in Kenya and the entire Africa. These diseases affect people of all ages but more so children, due to their exposure to envir ...
Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with
... well understood. Major drug resistance mutations severely impair viral fitness in a drug free environment, and therefore are expected to revert quickly. Compensatory mutations, often already polymorphic in wild-type viruses, do not tend to revert after transmission. While compensatory mutations incre ...
... well understood. Major drug resistance mutations severely impair viral fitness in a drug free environment, and therefore are expected to revert quickly. Compensatory mutations, often already polymorphic in wild-type viruses, do not tend to revert after transmission. While compensatory mutations incre ...
Health Care Core Curriculum
... any greater risk of contracting HIV infection than those who are not pregnant. ...
... any greater risk of contracting HIV infection than those who are not pregnant. ...
Oomycetes and fungi: two groups of pathogens on marine algae
... year (Ding and Ma, 2005). Beside the above, the disease has been reported to occur on both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America (Kazama,1979), which suggesting the parasite is worldwide. Thalli of Porphyra infected by P. porphyrae show rapidly developing somewhat circular lesion of varia ...
... year (Ding and Ma, 2005). Beside the above, the disease has been reported to occur on both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America (Kazama,1979), which suggesting the parasite is worldwide. Thalli of Porphyra infected by P. porphyrae show rapidly developing somewhat circular lesion of varia ...
Viruses - QMplus
... Bacteriophage have been tested as possible control agents for bacteriacaused diseases. ...
... Bacteriophage have been tested as possible control agents for bacteriacaused diseases. ...
Problems affecting poultry farms
... (catarrhal to haemorrhagic). ♦ Lung congestion and pneumonia. ♦ Airsacculitis (catarrhal to fibrinous). ...
... (catarrhal to haemorrhagic). ♦ Lung congestion and pneumonia. ♦ Airsacculitis (catarrhal to fibrinous). ...
Full text - Ip Lab - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
... elsewhere [11]. The research protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Hong Kong. The cells were allowed to differentiate for 14 days in vitro. Differentiated macrophages were infected at an MOI of 2. After 30 min of virus adsorption, the virus inoculum was removed, and the ...
... elsewhere [11]. The research protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Hong Kong. The cells were allowed to differentiate for 14 days in vitro. Differentiated macrophages were infected at an MOI of 2. After 30 min of virus adsorption, the virus inoculum was removed, and the ...
Mumps (Infectious parotitis)
... infected. The greatest risk of infection occurs among older children, adolescents, and adults. How is mumps spread? Mumps is spread in droplets from the nose or throat of an infected person, usually when a person coughs or sneezes. Mumps can also spread by direct contact with saliva and discharges f ...
... infected. The greatest risk of infection occurs among older children, adolescents, and adults. How is mumps spread? Mumps is spread in droplets from the nose or throat of an infected person, usually when a person coughs or sneezes. Mumps can also spread by direct contact with saliva and discharges f ...
An Introduction to Serology for diagnosis of Animal Diseases
... Ideally a large number of sera, from proven infected and non-infected animals, from the population of animals under test should be tested and the frequency distribution of the reactions, plotted as shown in Figure 1. More than or less than cumulative frequency curves can also be plotted from the dat ...
... Ideally a large number of sera, from proven infected and non-infected animals, from the population of animals under test should be tested and the frequency distribution of the reactions, plotted as shown in Figure 1. More than or less than cumulative frequency curves can also be plotted from the dat ...
`Flu Near You` Wants To Track Influenza Trends in US
... “Once you get it onto a surface or get it onto a food source, it is pretty easily transmitted,” said Allison Aiello, a professor of epidemiology at the University of North Carolina. The number one disinfectant is bleach, but there are other products listed by the Environmental Protection Agency as ...
... “Once you get it onto a surface or get it onto a food source, it is pretty easily transmitted,” said Allison Aiello, a professor of epidemiology at the University of North Carolina. The number one disinfectant is bleach, but there are other products listed by the Environmental Protection Agency as ...
- Gastroenterology
... synthetic dysfunction and complications of portal hypertension (ie, ascites) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since 2011, the landscape of HCV treatment has evolved rapidly, with the sequential approval by the US Food and Drug Administration of 6 direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) with progres ...
... synthetic dysfunction and complications of portal hypertension (ie, ascites) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since 2011, the landscape of HCV treatment has evolved rapidly, with the sequential approval by the US Food and Drug Administration of 6 direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) with progres ...
Experience a new type of immunity!
... 6. Garlapati, S., M. Facci, M. Polewicz, S. Strom, L.A. Babiuk, G. Mutwiri, R.E. Hancock, M.R. Elliott, and V. Gerdts. Strategies to link innate and adaptive immunity when designing vaccine adjuvants. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2008. 7. Masao Takei, Eiichi Tachikawa, Hideo Hasegawa, Je-Jung Lee. “D ...
... 6. Garlapati, S., M. Facci, M. Polewicz, S. Strom, L.A. Babiuk, G. Mutwiri, R.E. Hancock, M.R. Elliott, and V. Gerdts. Strategies to link innate and adaptive immunity when designing vaccine adjuvants. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2008. 7. Masao Takei, Eiichi Tachikawa, Hideo Hasegawa, Je-Jung Lee. “D ...
Summer Early Exposures Visiting Students Application Package
... Download this form to your computer before you start. Then save it and email it to [email protected] It will work best to use Adobe Reader (free download) to complete this form. ...
... Download this form to your computer before you start. Then save it and email it to [email protected] It will work best to use Adobe Reader (free download) to complete this form. ...
Medical Microbiology Core Competencies and Knowledge
... 2. Define and discuss the following features of viruses: a. size b. shape c. nucleic acid d. capsid e. capsomere f. nucleocapsid g. capsid symmetry h. icosahedral i. helical j. envelope 3. Discuss virus classification schemes. 4. List the DNA virus families, including the following features: a. enve ...
... 2. Define and discuss the following features of viruses: a. size b. shape c. nucleic acid d. capsid e. capsomere f. nucleocapsid g. capsid symmetry h. icosahedral i. helical j. envelope 3. Discuss virus classification schemes. 4. List the DNA virus families, including the following features: a. enve ...
Genetic resistance to Salmonella infection in domestic animals
... account for up to 35% of the differences in susceptibility observed between lines W1 and C (Hu et al., 1997). However, in several lines, which showed great differences in susceptibility, there were no functional differences in the NRAMP1 sequences. Further mapping has revealed a novel locus on chromoso ...
... account for up to 35% of the differences in susceptibility observed between lines W1 and C (Hu et al., 1997). However, in several lines, which showed great differences in susceptibility, there were no functional differences in the NRAMP1 sequences. Further mapping has revealed a novel locus on chromoso ...
Infectious Bronchitis Immunity: Its Study in Chickens Experimentally
... The live infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine, H120, protected chickens against intranasal challenge with a mixture of Escherichia coli strains (E. coli Pool) and IB virus (IBV) strains of the same (Massachusetts) serotype as H120; it usually also protected against challenge with the E. coli Pool and ...
... The live infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine, H120, protected chickens against intranasal challenge with a mixture of Escherichia coli strains (E. coli Pool) and IB virus (IBV) strains of the same (Massachusetts) serotype as H120; it usually also protected against challenge with the E. coli Pool and ...
HCV PCR
... the annealed primer along the target template to produce a double-stranded DNA molecule called an amplicon. ...
... the annealed primer along the target template to produce a double-stranded DNA molecule called an amplicon. ...
슬라이드 1
... involved tissues, a large amount of tissue or pus should be collected. - If sulfur granules are detected in a sinus tract or in tissue, the granule should be crushed between two glass slides, stained, and examined microscopically. - fastidious and grow slowly under anaerobic conditions ...
... involved tissues, a large amount of tissue or pus should be collected. - If sulfur granules are detected in a sinus tract or in tissue, the granule should be crushed between two glass slides, stained, and examined microscopically. - fastidious and grow slowly under anaerobic conditions ...
Biosafety standards for working with Crimean
... symptoms in need of aerosol- and droplet-producing procedures such as aspiration and intubation. This pragmatic approach reduces full protection to the most severe cases from which nosocomial CCHFV transmission is most probable. Over the years, four doctors and three nurses had contact with infected ...
... symptoms in need of aerosol- and droplet-producing procedures such as aspiration and intubation. This pragmatic approach reduces full protection to the most severe cases from which nosocomial CCHFV transmission is most probable. Over the years, four doctors and three nurses had contact with infected ...
CBT 621 - EMS Online
... antibodies — Proteins made by the immune system that have a memory for an invading virus and help recognize and destroy future invasions by that virus. antibiotic — Medicine or drug that is effective in killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth. bacteria — A single-celled, microscopic organism tha ...
... antibodies — Proteins made by the immune system that have a memory for an invading virus and help recognize and destroy future invasions by that virus. antibiotic — Medicine or drug that is effective in killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth. bacteria — A single-celled, microscopic organism tha ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.