Chronological overview of the 2009/2010 H1N1 influenza
... hardly ever on a national or international scale. The situation that occurred in 2009 was unusual in this respect: within a few months, the Netherlands was having to deal with the consequences of the worldwide pandemic spread of the H1N1 influenza virus. This virus was totally new and, as such, had ...
... hardly ever on a national or international scale. The situation that occurred in 2009 was unusual in this respect: within a few months, the Netherlands was having to deal with the consequences of the worldwide pandemic spread of the H1N1 influenza virus. This virus was totally new and, as such, had ...
prospectives and necessity of eradication of infectious bovine
... at herd level. According to the prevalence value, either physical removal of infected animals or vaccination is applied. Removal (culling) of infected animals from the herd is justified with prevalence rates below 5%. Removal of latently infected animals is considered the most effective method for e ...
... at herd level. According to the prevalence value, either physical removal of infected animals or vaccination is applied. Removal (culling) of infected animals from the herd is justified with prevalence rates below 5%. Removal of latently infected animals is considered the most effective method for e ...
Prevalence, incidence, and residual risk of human
... copies/mL). Among 22 donors who were followed, 16 became enzyme immunoassay (EIA) reactive within a 15-day median (range, 6-64 days) and of those, 12 who continued to be followed became antibody-confirmedpositive within a 21-day median (range, 10-64 days) from index to the first seropositive sample. ...
... copies/mL). Among 22 donors who were followed, 16 became enzyme immunoassay (EIA) reactive within a 15-day median (range, 6-64 days) and of those, 12 who continued to be followed became antibody-confirmedpositive within a 21-day median (range, 10-64 days) from index to the first seropositive sample. ...
Guidance for the Prevention and Control of Hepatitis A Infection
... and there have been a number of recent outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM)2,3 and injecting drug users (IDUs)4 in the UK. The average incubation period of hepatitis A is around 28 days (range 15–50 days). The course of hepatitis A infection is extremely variable. In children under 5 year ...
... and there have been a number of recent outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM)2,3 and injecting drug users (IDUs)4 in the UK. The average incubation period of hepatitis A is around 28 days (range 15–50 days). The course of hepatitis A infection is extremely variable. In children under 5 year ...
Epidemiology and Evolution of Vector Borne Disease
... disease spread. Using our metapopulation model we also determine the impact of landuse change such as urbanisation and deforestation on disease spread and prevalence. We find that in the absence of evolution, control techniques which directly reduce the rate of vector transmission lead to the greate ...
... disease spread. Using our metapopulation model we also determine the impact of landuse change such as urbanisation and deforestation on disease spread and prevalence. We find that in the absence of evolution, control techniques which directly reduce the rate of vector transmission lead to the greate ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
... the cat, which may be compromised by infections (eg, feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV] or FeLV infection); stress; glucocorticoid treatment; surgery as well as dosage and virulence of the virus; and the reinfection rate in multiple-cat households [66]. It is likely that kittens developing FIP do so ...
... the cat, which may be compromised by infections (eg, feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV] or FeLV infection); stress; glucocorticoid treatment; surgery as well as dosage and virulence of the virus; and the reinfection rate in multiple-cat households [66]. It is likely that kittens developing FIP do so ...
190.14 - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing (Diagnosis)
... (EIA) which are used to confirm exposure of an individual’s immune system to specific viral antigens. These assays may be formatted to detect HIV-1, HIV-2, or HIV-1 and 2 simultaneously and to detect both IgM and IgG. When the initial EIA test is repeatedly positive or indeterminate, an alternative ...
... (EIA) which are used to confirm exposure of an individual’s immune system to specific viral antigens. These assays may be formatted to detect HIV-1, HIV-2, or HIV-1 and 2 simultaneously and to detect both IgM and IgG. When the initial EIA test is repeatedly positive or indeterminate, an alternative ...
eradicate it by 2010? Measles in the United Kingdom: can we
... is among the most contagious of diseases,5 with a basic reproductive number (R0) of 15-20 (box 1).6 The virus remains transmissible in the air or on infected surfaces for up to two hours, obviating the need for direct person to person contact.5 7 Although genetic drift of the viral RNA is documented ...
... is among the most contagious of diseases,5 with a basic reproductive number (R0) of 15-20 (box 1).6 The virus remains transmissible in the air or on infected surfaces for up to two hours, obviating the need for direct person to person contact.5 7 Although genetic drift of the viral RNA is documented ...
eMERGE Network Project Proposal for
... Genetic variation that predicts white blood count (WBC) and it differential, a marker of the health of the immune system. The Group Health, Marshfield and Mayo sites report >98% of subjects have WBC. Northwestern reports 92% and Vanderbilt reports 91.4%. At Group Health, 93% of subjects have a WBC d ...
... Genetic variation that predicts white blood count (WBC) and it differential, a marker of the health of the immune system. The Group Health, Marshfield and Mayo sites report >98% of subjects have WBC. Northwestern reports 92% and Vanderbilt reports 91.4%. At Group Health, 93% of subjects have a WBC d ...
190.14 - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing (Diagnosis)
... (EIA) which are used to confirm exposure of an individual’s immune system to specific viral antigens. These assays may be formatted to detect HIV-1, HIV-2, or HIV-1 and 2 simultaneously and to detect both IgM and IgG. When the initial EIA test is repeatedly positive or indeterminate, an alternative ...
... (EIA) which are used to confirm exposure of an individual’s immune system to specific viral antigens. These assays may be formatted to detect HIV-1, HIV-2, or HIV-1 and 2 simultaneously and to detect both IgM and IgG. When the initial EIA test is repeatedly positive or indeterminate, an alternative ...
A Review of Single-Use and Reusable Gowns and Drapes in Health
... cause 19,027 deaths and contribute to an additional 58,092 deaths per year. Surgical-site infections (SSIs) have been estimated to cause 3,251 deaths directly and to contribute to 9,726 deaths.8 Since the incidence of SSIs in the lowest-risk category of procedures is approximately 1% and an estimate ...
... cause 19,027 deaths and contribute to an additional 58,092 deaths per year. Surgical-site infections (SSIs) have been estimated to cause 3,251 deaths directly and to contribute to 9,726 deaths.8 Since the incidence of SSIs in the lowest-risk category of procedures is approximately 1% and an estimate ...
Are we facing new health challenges and diseases in
... herding was challenged by severe infectious diseases, killing hundreds and thousands of animals, and having huge economic and social impact on reindeer herding in Fennoscandia. The general zoo-sanitary situation in Fennoscandia is very favourable for the time being, but reindeer herding is sometimes ...
... herding was challenged by severe infectious diseases, killing hundreds and thousands of animals, and having huge economic and social impact on reindeer herding in Fennoscandia. The general zoo-sanitary situation in Fennoscandia is very favourable for the time being, but reindeer herding is sometimes ...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children Authors: Dori F
... maculopapular or vesicular rash (which is most commonly seen accompanying respiratory tract infections) to the Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). M. pneumoniae is a common infectious cause of SJS in children, which may occur in outbreaks [22]. M. pneumoniae also can cause lesions limited to the mucous ...
... maculopapular or vesicular rash (which is most commonly seen accompanying respiratory tract infections) to the Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). M. pneumoniae is a common infectious cause of SJS in children, which may occur in outbreaks [22]. M. pneumoniae also can cause lesions limited to the mucous ...
Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of
... accumulate and SNV survives longer in peridomestic settings, because it is largely protected from environmental conditions that would disperse and degrade excreta (i.e., wind and precipitation) and inactivate SNV (i.e., ultraviolet radiation; Carver et al. 2010). Consequently, the persistence of inf ...
... accumulate and SNV survives longer in peridomestic settings, because it is largely protected from environmental conditions that would disperse and degrade excreta (i.e., wind and precipitation) and inactivate SNV (i.e., ultraviolet radiation; Carver et al. 2010). Consequently, the persistence of inf ...
Chapter 2
... relatively inexpensive); Leukostix rapid leucocyte strip test (sensitivity 98%, specificity 77%); barium study; testing should not be done less than 4 w after cessation of antibiotics or bismuth compounds or 1-2 w after proton pump inhibitors; serological tests for antibodies are unsuitable for post ...
... relatively inexpensive); Leukostix rapid leucocyte strip test (sensitivity 98%, specificity 77%); barium study; testing should not be done less than 4 w after cessation of antibiotics or bismuth compounds or 1-2 w after proton pump inhibitors; serological tests for antibodies are unsuitable for post ...
Update on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV
... patients, or because HIV-2 itself is more neurotropic [42]. Although HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) occurs in about 7% of patients with HIV-1 infection [43], this complication has been only rarely reported in HIV-2–infected individuals [44]. TESTING AND DIAGNOSIS The CDC recommends testing for H ...
... patients, or because HIV-2 itself is more neurotropic [42]. Although HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) occurs in about 7% of patients with HIV-1 infection [43], this complication has been only rarely reported in HIV-2–infected individuals [44]. TESTING AND DIAGNOSIS The CDC recommends testing for H ...
Hepatitis A Vaccine Recommendations
... Historically, hepatitis A disease incidence has been cyclic in nature. In developed countries with temperate climates, incidence has commonly peaked every 10 to 15 years. Dramatic decreases in hepatitis A virus infection rates during the decade before and after licensure of the first hepatitis A vac ...
... Historically, hepatitis A disease incidence has been cyclic in nature. In developed countries with temperate climates, incidence has commonly peaked every 10 to 15 years. Dramatic decreases in hepatitis A virus infection rates during the decade before and after licensure of the first hepatitis A vac ...
11 Measles - Ministry of Health
... 2004, 177 (71 percent) were in US residents, and of these 100 were preventable. Forty-three percent of these preventable cases were associated with international travel; the rest acquired the disease in the US. Travel was also linked to the measles outbreaks in New Zealand in 201111 and 2014. Becaus ...
... 2004, 177 (71 percent) were in US residents, and of these 100 were preventable. Forty-three percent of these preventable cases were associated with international travel; the rest acquired the disease in the US. Travel was also linked to the measles outbreaks in New Zealand in 201111 and 2014. Becaus ...
Group 1 Fowl Adenovirus, Serotype 4
... © Commonwealth of Australia 2008 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to th ...
... © Commonwealth of Australia 2008 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to th ...
Ringworm - Sunrise School Division
... "Dermatophytes." Different Dermatophytes affect different parts of the body and cause the various types of Ringworm: Ringworm of the scalp Ringworm of the body Ringworm of the foot (athlete's foot) Ringworm of the nails Where is Ringworm found? Ringworm is widespread around the world and in the Unit ...
... "Dermatophytes." Different Dermatophytes affect different parts of the body and cause the various types of Ringworm: Ringworm of the scalp Ringworm of the body Ringworm of the foot (athlete's foot) Ringworm of the nails Where is Ringworm found? Ringworm is widespread around the world and in the Unit ...
Human papilloma viruses: new challenges for infection prevention
... cancers attributable to HPV occurred each year, including 18,000 among females and 8,000 among males.4 ...
... cancers attributable to HPV occurred each year, including 18,000 among females and 8,000 among males.4 ...
Genital herpes: The basics more patients should
... traits to allow it to efficiently superinfect persons already infected with HSV-1. The severity of primary HSV infection can be hugely influenced by two variables: - trauma to epithelium at time of HSV transmission (Fig. 1 of Halford, et al., 2004) - immune status at the time of primary HSV infectio ...
... traits to allow it to efficiently superinfect persons already infected with HSV-1. The severity of primary HSV infection can be hugely influenced by two variables: - trauma to epithelium at time of HSV transmission (Fig. 1 of Halford, et al., 2004) - immune status at the time of primary HSV infectio ...
1. Syphilis
... during the period of 3 to 10 years after infection. Multiple, copper-colored nodules of several centimeters in diameter appear on the face at the early stage of tertiary syphilis and heal with scarring in several months (syphilis nodosa). A few subcutaneous nodules occur, soften and rupture, forming ...
... during the period of 3 to 10 years after infection. Multiple, copper-colored nodules of several centimeters in diameter appear on the face at the early stage of tertiary syphilis and heal with scarring in several months (syphilis nodosa). A few subcutaneous nodules occur, soften and rupture, forming ...
Q fever: current status and perspectives - ORBi
... placenta, amniotic fluids and other products of conception (To et al., 1996; Hirai et To, 1998; To et al., ...
... placenta, amniotic fluids and other products of conception (To et al., 1996; Hirai et To, 1998; To et al., ...