What is Lyme disease?
... What can be done to prevent Lyme disease? When in tick-infested habitat - wooded and grassy areas - take special precautions to prevent tick bites, such as wearing light-colored clothing (for easy tick discovery) and tucking pants into socks and shirt into pants. Check after every two to three hours ...
... What can be done to prevent Lyme disease? When in tick-infested habitat - wooded and grassy areas - take special precautions to prevent tick bites, such as wearing light-colored clothing (for easy tick discovery) and tucking pants into socks and shirt into pants. Check after every two to three hours ...
Board review - Viral infections
... erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) Facial rash fades, then see a symmetrical, macular, lacy, erythematous rash on the extremities Resolution occurs within 3-7 days of onset Transmitted by respiratory secretions, replicates in the RBC precursors in the bone marrow Can cause aplastic crisis in pati ...
... erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) Facial rash fades, then see a symmetrical, macular, lacy, erythematous rash on the extremities Resolution occurs within 3-7 days of onset Transmitted by respiratory secretions, replicates in the RBC precursors in the bone marrow Can cause aplastic crisis in pati ...
ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION AND RISK FACTORS FOR
... without a history of clinical illness and originally selected to serve as controls, 15 (48%) were seropositive for leptospiral infection.17 Leptospiral antibodies in asymptomatic individuals may provide immunity against leptospirosis, especially in areas of endemic disease. Because person-to-person ...
... without a history of clinical illness and originally selected to serve as controls, 15 (48%) were seropositive for leptospiral infection.17 Leptospiral antibodies in asymptomatic individuals may provide immunity against leptospirosis, especially in areas of endemic disease. Because person-to-person ...
File - Mayo Clinic Center for Tuberculosis
... • Person with LTBI becomes infected with HIV and then develops TB disease as the immune system is weakened ...
... • Person with LTBI becomes infected with HIV and then develops TB disease as the immune system is weakened ...
hepatitis b and college students
... includes kissing, sharing toothbrushes or eating utensils or frequently eating or sleeping in the same dwelling as an infected individual. ...
... includes kissing, sharing toothbrushes or eating utensils or frequently eating or sleeping in the same dwelling as an infected individual. ...
1 The Role of Factory Farming in the Cause and Spread of Swine
... Virologist Ruben Donis, chief of the molecular virology and vaccines branch at the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, has confirmed in an interview published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) (2009) that the virus behind the latest human influenza outbrea ...
... Virologist Ruben Donis, chief of the molecular virology and vaccines branch at the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, has confirmed in an interview published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) (2009) that the virus behind the latest human influenza outbrea ...
Chlamydia and Rickettsiales
... Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever – Western hemisphere febrile disease of dogs and humans (only hosts to show signs) Ticks: Dermacentor variabilis, D. andersonii – small mammals, rodents reservoir – Seasonal April Fall – Humans (800 +/- cases annually U.S. ...
... Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever – Western hemisphere febrile disease of dogs and humans (only hosts to show signs) Ticks: Dermacentor variabilis, D. andersonii – small mammals, rodents reservoir – Seasonal April Fall – Humans (800 +/- cases annually U.S. ...
Microbiology Antenatal Screening - UCD National Virus Reference
... • By vertical transmission from an infected mother at any stage of pregnancy? • Directly from the father, via semen? • Direct from a syphilitic ulcer on the mother? • By transfer of antibody from the mother? ...
... • By vertical transmission from an infected mother at any stage of pregnancy? • Directly from the father, via semen? • Direct from a syphilitic ulcer on the mother? • By transfer of antibody from the mother? ...
Roseola infantum - River Hills Pediatrics
... appearance of symptoms) is 9-10 days and it is most infectious when the rash appears. The risk to the child increases with exposure to a day care centre or to public places. Who gets roseola? It typically affects children aged six months to two years. It is rare after the age of two. Up to 95% of ch ...
... appearance of symptoms) is 9-10 days and it is most infectious when the rash appears. The risk to the child increases with exposure to a day care centre or to public places. Who gets roseola? It typically affects children aged six months to two years. It is rare after the age of two. Up to 95% of ch ...
12-11-13 The Central Nervous System fections
... Most common agent in patients aged 5–40 meningitidis years 25–49% of cases in children aged 5–15 years 10–35% of cases in adults Haemophilus Most common agent in patients aged 1–5 influenzae years 40–60% of cases in children aged 1–5 years 2% of cases in adults ...
... Most common agent in patients aged 5–40 meningitidis years 25–49% of cases in children aged 5–15 years 10–35% of cases in adults Haemophilus Most common agent in patients aged 1–5 influenzae years 40–60% of cases in children aged 1–5 years 2% of cases in adults ...
Chapter 5 - Infectious Diseases of Potential Risk for Travellers
... for each, are detailed on the following pages. Information on malaria, one of the most important infectious disease threats for travellers, is provided in Chapter 7. The infectious diseases described in this chapter have been selected on the basis of the following criteria: — diseases that have a su ...
... for each, are detailed on the following pages. Information on malaria, one of the most important infectious disease threats for travellers, is provided in Chapter 7. The infectious diseases described in this chapter have been selected on the basis of the following criteria: — diseases that have a su ...
POLIOMYELITIS Dr Vinita Poorun 12/01/2010 1
... • Acute viral infectious disease. • Transmitted by person to person contact , through faeco-oral route or oro-oral route. • Incubation period- 6 to 20 days. • Infectious 7-10 days before appearance of symptoms and as long as virus is in saliva or faeces. ...
... • Acute viral infectious disease. • Transmitted by person to person contact , through faeco-oral route or oro-oral route. • Incubation period- 6 to 20 days. • Infectious 7-10 days before appearance of symptoms and as long as virus is in saliva or faeces. ...
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
... Most upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses and bacteria, which invade the mucosa. In most cases, the infection spreads from person-to-person, when touching the secretions by hand or directly by inhaling the respiratory droplets. Bacterial infections could be a prime cause of upper ...
... Most upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses and bacteria, which invade the mucosa. In most cases, the infection spreads from person-to-person, when touching the secretions by hand or directly by inhaling the respiratory droplets. Bacterial infections could be a prime cause of upper ...
Impact of NAFTA on the Preference for Meat Consumption in USA
... work their way back along the supply chain to the wholesale and producer levels. Short – term fluctuations in margins along the supply chain may exist due to the changing supply and demand conditions. Trade can benefit consumers in several ways. Trade gives consumers access to a wider variety of pro ...
... work their way back along the supply chain to the wholesale and producer levels. Short – term fluctuations in margins along the supply chain may exist due to the changing supply and demand conditions. Trade can benefit consumers in several ways. Trade gives consumers access to a wider variety of pro ...
CHAPTER 21 – INFECTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
... Sinuses and eustachian tubes have ciliated epithelial cells. ◦ A virus initially invades the ciliated epithelium. ◦ This destroys the ciliated cells, allowing bacteria to invade. Mastoiditis is uncommon but very dangerous. Mastoid cavity is close to the nervous system and large blood vessels. ...
... Sinuses and eustachian tubes have ciliated epithelial cells. ◦ A virus initially invades the ciliated epithelium. ◦ This destroys the ciliated cells, allowing bacteria to invade. Mastoiditis is uncommon but very dangerous. Mastoid cavity is close to the nervous system and large blood vessels. ...
Pigs and Determination of Infectious Dose Transmission from Male
... Experimental animals. Male and female Hartley strain guinea pigs, weighing approximately 450 to 500 g, were purchased from Simonsen Laboratories (Gilroy, Calif.). All guinea pigs were housed singly in cages covered with a fiberglass filter in a room with a 12-h-light–12-h-dark cycle and were provide ...
... Experimental animals. Male and female Hartley strain guinea pigs, weighing approximately 450 to 500 g, were purchased from Simonsen Laboratories (Gilroy, Calif.). All guinea pigs were housed singly in cages covered with a fiberglass filter in a room with a 12-h-light–12-h-dark cycle and were provide ...
Avian influenza A H5N1 infection on human cellular microRNA
... identified for H1N1 and H5N1 subtypes, and the temporal pattern of expression was delineated. Among the listed profiles of differentially regulated miRNA, miR-1246, miR-663, and miR-574-3p were up-regulated (>3-fold) at some time points during the course of infection with H5N1, compared with the non ...
... identified for H1N1 and H5N1 subtypes, and the temporal pattern of expression was delineated. Among the listed profiles of differentially regulated miRNA, miR-1246, miR-663, and miR-574-3p were up-regulated (>3-fold) at some time points during the course of infection with H5N1, compared with the non ...
Acute human immunodeficiency virus infection
... From the individual and public health views, early diagnosis of acute HIV-1 infection can be enormously beneficial. Patients who receive appropriate consultation may reduce risky sexual behavior leading to a decreased risk of HIV-1 transmission. It has been demonstrated that administration of antire ...
... From the individual and public health views, early diagnosis of acute HIV-1 infection can be enormously beneficial. Patients who receive appropriate consultation may reduce risky sexual behavior leading to a decreased risk of HIV-1 transmission. It has been demonstrated that administration of antire ...
Trichinosis
Trichinosis, trichinellosis or trichiniasis is a parasitic disease caused by roundworms of the genus Trichinella. Several subspecies cause human disease, but T. spiralis is the most known. Infection may occur without symptoms, while intestinal invasion can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain or vomiting. Larval migration into muscle tissue (one week after being infected) can cause edema of the face or around the eyes, conjunctivitis, fever, muscle pains, splinter hemorrhages, rashes, and peripheral eosinophilia. Life-threatening cases can result in myocarditis, central nervous system involvement, and pneumonitis. Larval encystment in the muscles causes pain and weakness, followed by slow progression of symptoms.Trichinosis is mainly caused by eating undercooked meat containing encysted larval Trichinella. In the stomach the larvae are exposed to stomach acid and pepsin which releases them from their cysts. They then start invading wall of the small intestine, where they develop into adult worms. Females are 2.2 mm in length; males 1.2 mm. The life span in the small intestine is about four weeks. After 1 week, the females release more larvae that migrate to voluntarily controlled muscles where they encyst. Diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms, and is confirmed by serology or by finding encysted or non-encysted larvae in biopsy or autopsy samples.The best way to prevent trichinellosis is to cook meat to safe temperatures. Using food thermometers can make sure the temperature inside the meat is high enough to kill the parasites. The meat should not be tasted until it is completely cooked. Once infection has been verified treatment with antiparasitic drugs such as albendazole or mebendazole should be started at once. A fast response may help kill adult worms and thereby stop further release of larvae. Once the larvae have established in muscle cells, usually by 3 to 4 weeks after infection, treatment may not completely get rid of the infection or symptoms. Both drugs are considered safe but have been associated with side effects such as bone marrow suppression. Patients on longer courses should be monitored though regular blood counts to detect adverse effects quickly and then discontinue treatment. Both medicines should be treated with caution during pregnancy or children under the age of 2 years, but the WHO weighs the benefits of treatment higher than the risks. In addition to antiparasitic medication, treatment with steroids is sometimes required in severe cases.Trichinosis can be acquired by eating both domestic and wild animals, but is not soil-transmitted.