Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
... fetal villous capillaries. An intervening phase of infection of the stromal macrophages (Hofbauer cells) may occur before virus moves across fetal capillary cells8. However the initial pathogenic event involved in transplacental transmission of a virus depends on whether it exists in a cell-free sta ...
... fetal villous capillaries. An intervening phase of infection of the stromal macrophages (Hofbauer cells) may occur before virus moves across fetal capillary cells8. However the initial pathogenic event involved in transplacental transmission of a virus depends on whether it exists in a cell-free sta ...
Parasitic crustaceans as vectors of viruses, with
... barnacle Chelonibia patula on the carapace of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, and gooseneck barnacle Octolasmis muelleri on the gills of C. sapidus, can replicate for at least 2 weeks and establish what should be an infective dose. This result was additionally supported by positive in situ hybri ...
... barnacle Chelonibia patula on the carapace of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, and gooseneck barnacle Octolasmis muelleri on the gills of C. sapidus, can replicate for at least 2 weeks and establish what should be an infective dose. This result was additionally supported by positive in situ hybri ...
Influenza A virus haemagglutinin polymorphism
... viruses isolated in 1986 and 1987. The scant relationship between both X-99 and X-99a to their antecedents of earlier decades, HK/68 and Eng/72 is apparent. The two Sh/87 HA variants, X-99 and X-99a, differ almost as much from one another as does the first epidemiologically significant H3N2 drift va ...
... viruses isolated in 1986 and 1987. The scant relationship between both X-99 and X-99a to their antecedents of earlier decades, HK/68 and Eng/72 is apparent. The two Sh/87 HA variants, X-99 and X-99a, differ almost as much from one another as does the first epidemiologically significant H3N2 drift va ...
Streptococcal Pharyngitis - Intermountain Healthcare
... a viral illness (that prompts a strep culture) is challenging. Treating patients for active strep infection when they are only carriers can result in overuse of antibiotics. Approximately 20% of asymptomatic school-aged children may be strep carriers, and a throat culture during a viral illness may ...
... a viral illness (that prompts a strep culture) is challenging. Treating patients for active strep infection when they are only carriers can result in overuse of antibiotics. Approximately 20% of asymptomatic school-aged children may be strep carriers, and a throat culture during a viral illness may ...
gastroenteritis
... Related to Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) – paralysis Transmission from infected animals or food products, fresh or salt water Watery diarrhea or dysentery ...
... Related to Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) – paralysis Transmission from infected animals or food products, fresh or salt water Watery diarrhea or dysentery ...
Diagnostic Methods for Pea Early Browning Virus PEBV
... Robinson and Harrison (1985b) considered that the genomic RNA molecules within the gene pool of each tobravirus species were freely compatible. Robinson and Harrison (1985a) were able to show that PEBV was able to form pseudorecombinants by mixing RNA-1 from one isolate with RNA-2 from another isol ...
... Robinson and Harrison (1985b) considered that the genomic RNA molecules within the gene pool of each tobravirus species were freely compatible. Robinson and Harrison (1985a) were able to show that PEBV was able to form pseudorecombinants by mixing RNA-1 from one isolate with RNA-2 from another isol ...
Serological investigation of chlamydial infection among ruminants in
... Zoonotic potential of C. abortus is significant especially in pregnant women, who are in close contact with infected and carrier animals (Nietfeld, 2001; Pospischil et al., 2002; Walder et al., 2005). So it is essential to undertake serological studies to detect infected and carrier animals to avoi ...
... Zoonotic potential of C. abortus is significant especially in pregnant women, who are in close contact with infected and carrier animals (Nietfeld, 2001; Pospischil et al., 2002; Walder et al., 2005). So it is essential to undertake serological studies to detect infected and carrier animals to avoi ...
FA9001G IFA CMV IgG English Package Insert
... The Controls are potentially bio-hazardous materials. Source materials from which these products were derived were found negative for HIV-1 antigen, HBsAg and for antibodies against HCV and HIV by approved test methods. However, since no test method can offer complete assurance that infectious agent ...
... The Controls are potentially bio-hazardous materials. Source materials from which these products were derived were found negative for HIV-1 antigen, HBsAg and for antibodies against HCV and HIV by approved test methods. However, since no test method can offer complete assurance that infectious agent ...
Infectious Complications of Human T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
... were ever infected, and stool culture studies determine the number of individuals who are currently infected. If HTLV-I has an effect on the host's ability to clear infection with Strongyloides rather than on the risk of acquiring infection, one would expect equal seroprevalencesof antibodies to Str ...
... were ever infected, and stool culture studies determine the number of individuals who are currently infected. If HTLV-I has an effect on the host's ability to clear infection with Strongyloides rather than on the risk of acquiring infection, one would expect equal seroprevalencesof antibodies to Str ...
Excess Infections Due to Antimicrobial Resistance: The “Attributable
... with drug-resistant strains are similar to those resulting from infections with drug-susceptible strains (an assumption that may underestimate the rates for drug-resistant strains if they are more virulent), then strains resistant to 2 or more antimicrobial agents cause 4272 hospitalizations and 151 ...
... with drug-resistant strains are similar to those resulting from infections with drug-susceptible strains (an assumption that may underestimate the rates for drug-resistant strains if they are more virulent), then strains resistant to 2 or more antimicrobial agents cause 4272 hospitalizations and 151 ...
CDC and Partner Activities to Explore Community Mitigation
... Reduce spread within national and local populations with individuallevel measures ...
... Reduce spread within national and local populations with individuallevel measures ...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
... calculate the risk of infection, based on the type of exposure and the risk of infection in the source (see Tables 1 and 2). In general, NPEP is considered if the transmission risk is greater than 1 in 15000.3 Examples of risk calculation– 1. Receptive anal intercourse with MSM source of unknown H ...
... calculate the risk of infection, based on the type of exposure and the risk of infection in the source (see Tables 1 and 2). In general, NPEP is considered if the transmission risk is greater than 1 in 15000.3 Examples of risk calculation– 1. Receptive anal intercourse with MSM source of unknown H ...
The Immune Response in Measles: Virus Control, Clearance and
... 3. Virus Clearance Most RNA viruses, including MeV, replicate in the cytoplasm and do not integrate their genomes into that of the host cell and are considered susceptible to immune-mediated clearance. These infections and their effects on the immune system are generally perceived to be transient an ...
... 3. Virus Clearance Most RNA viruses, including MeV, replicate in the cytoplasm and do not integrate their genomes into that of the host cell and are considered susceptible to immune-mediated clearance. These infections and their effects on the immune system are generally perceived to be transient an ...
EIA in Saskatchewan: Key facts about equine infectious anemia
... the early stages of infection. During this period, a horse may receive a negative test result because its immune system hasn’t responded to a level that can be detected by available screening tests. This is why veterinarians recommend that owners test their horses each spring, even if their animals ...
... the early stages of infection. During this period, a horse may receive a negative test result because its immune system hasn’t responded to a level that can be detected by available screening tests. This is why veterinarians recommend that owners test their horses each spring, even if their animals ...
President`s Report - Tulane University
... At the end of 2003, an estimated 1,039,000 to 1,185,000 persons in the United States were living with HIV/AIDS, with 24-27% undiagnosed and unaware of their HIV infection. Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) ...
... At the end of 2003, an estimated 1,039,000 to 1,185,000 persons in the United States were living with HIV/AIDS, with 24-27% undiagnosed and unaware of their HIV infection. Tulane University - Office of Environmental Health & Safety (OEHS) ...
Risk generally refers to the probability of some untoward
... • Most chronic diseases are caused by several risk factors acting together. The risk associated with any one of them, taken alone, is small. To detect this risk, a large number of people must be studied to observe a difference in disease rates between exposed and unexposed persons. This is true even ...
... • Most chronic diseases are caused by several risk factors acting together. The risk associated with any one of them, taken alone, is small. To detect this risk, a large number of people must be studied to observe a difference in disease rates between exposed and unexposed persons. This is true even ...
Same procedure as last year – the influenza
... birds to humans. In particular, the subtypes H1N1, H1N2, H2N2 and H3N2 are known as influenza viruses, which infect humans. Other groups of organisms which can be infected by influenza-A viruses are e.g. horses, seals and pigs. The infection The influenza virus spreads by droplet infection and initi ...
... birds to humans. In particular, the subtypes H1N1, H1N2, H2N2 and H3N2 are known as influenza viruses, which infect humans. Other groups of organisms which can be infected by influenza-A viruses are e.g. horses, seals and pigs. The infection The influenza virus spreads by droplet infection and initi ...
Zika Virus Update for Healthcare Professionals
... As most infections are asymptomatic, the advice is provided in the context of an exposed and potentially infected ...
... As most infections are asymptomatic, the advice is provided in the context of an exposed and potentially infected ...
Fever in returned travellers
... The travel history should include details of visits to game parks, farms, caves, and health facilities, consumption of exotic foods, activities involving fresh or salt water exposure, and sexual activity. A history of contact with unwell individuals can be helpful, particularly for localised epidemi ...
... The travel history should include details of visits to game parks, farms, caves, and health facilities, consumption of exotic foods, activities involving fresh or salt water exposure, and sexual activity. A history of contact with unwell individuals can be helpful, particularly for localised epidemi ...
Role of Housing Modalities on Management and Surveillance
... enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) provided serologic support for the existence of parvovirus serotypes besides the prototypical ones—minute virus of mice (MVM), rat virus (RV), and H-1. This serologic evidence was substantiated by the discovery and characte ...
... enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) provided serologic support for the existence of parvovirus serotypes besides the prototypical ones—minute virus of mice (MVM), rat virus (RV), and H-1. This serologic evidence was substantiated by the discovery and characte ...
Fever in returned travellers presenting in the United Kingdom
... The travel history should include details of visits to game parks, farms, caves, and health facilities, consumption of exotic foods, activities involving fresh or salt water exposure, and sexual activity. A history of contact with unwell individuals can be helpful, particularly for localised epidemi ...
... The travel history should include details of visits to game parks, farms, caves, and health facilities, consumption of exotic foods, activities involving fresh or salt water exposure, and sexual activity. A history of contact with unwell individuals can be helpful, particularly for localised epidemi ...
original article platelet count in seropositive and seronegative
... A primary dengue infection is characterized by a slow and low titer antibody response. IgM antibody is the first immunoglobulin isotype to appear. Anti-dengue IgG is detectable at low titer at the end of the first week of illness, and slowly increases. In contrast, during a secondary infection, anti ...
... A primary dengue infection is characterized by a slow and low titer antibody response. IgM antibody is the first immunoglobulin isotype to appear. Anti-dengue IgG is detectable at low titer at the end of the first week of illness, and slowly increases. In contrast, during a secondary infection, anti ...
STD (sexually transmitted disease) or STI (sexually transmitted
... To say that Zika has proved to be transmissible through sexual contact means that it can be transmitted through sex but that it need not be (Zika remains a chiefly vector-borne disease). However, cases reported since 2008 document the reality of transmittedness through sexual contact. This carefully ...
... To say that Zika has proved to be transmissible through sexual contact means that it can be transmitted through sex but that it need not be (Zika remains a chiefly vector-borne disease). However, cases reported since 2008 document the reality of transmittedness through sexual contact. This carefully ...
Large vessel vasculitis
... involvement, including clinical symptoms or signs and laboratory abnormalities of liver or renal function. ...
... involvement, including clinical symptoms or signs and laboratory abnormalities of liver or renal function. ...
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting primarily the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but chronic infection can lead to scarring of the liver and ultimately to cirrhosis, which is generally apparent after many years. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure, liver cancer, or life-threatening esophageal and gastric varices.HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, and transfusions. An estimated 150–200 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C. The existence of hepatitis C – originally identifiable only as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis – was suggested in the 1970s and proven in 1989. Hepatitis C infects only humans and chimpanzees. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The virus persists in the liver in about 85% of those infected. This chronic infection can be treated with medication: the standard therapy is a combination of peginterferon and ribavirin, with either boceprevir or telaprevir added in some cases. Overall, 50–80% of people treated are cured. Those who develop cirrhosis or liver cancer may require a liver transplant. Hepatitis C is the leading reason for liver transplantation, though the virus usually recurs after transplantation. No vaccine against hepatitis C is available. About 343,000 deaths due to liver cancer from hepatitis C occurred in 2013, up from 198,000 in 1990. An additional 358,000 in 2013 occurred due to cirrhosis.