Introduction Dengue viruses are RNA viruses belong to the family
... inoculated on to the cell culture monolayer on screw cap tubes, dishes or flasks. Following incubation at 28°C for 1 week, the inoculated cells are screened for DENV by use of IF stain with 4 different serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies . The disadvantages of this method are the time-consuming ...
... inoculated on to the cell culture monolayer on screw cap tubes, dishes or flasks. Following incubation at 28°C for 1 week, the inoculated cells are screened for DENV by use of IF stain with 4 different serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies . The disadvantages of this method are the time-consuming ...
High-level expression of recombinant dengue
... ELISA diagnostic antigen for dengue viral infection, these recombinant fragments were directly coated on ELISA plates and used to capture human anti-NS1 antibodies. Goat anti-human IgM- or IgG-conjugated HRP were used as the secondary antibodies. To determine the amount of antigen needed, a series t ...
... ELISA diagnostic antigen for dengue viral infection, these recombinant fragments were directly coated on ELISA plates and used to capture human anti-NS1 antibodies. Goat anti-human IgM- or IgG-conjugated HRP were used as the secondary antibodies. To determine the amount of antigen needed, a series t ...
Coverall`s Partnership With Dr. Charles Gerba Stresses Infection
... one-third of the surfaces people touch at work are contaminated with disease-causing germs, according to the world's leading expert on infectious disease, Dr. Charles Gerba. But few businesses or institutions use cleaning strategies that reduce germs and create a healthier environment. Coverall Heal ...
... one-third of the surfaces people touch at work are contaminated with disease-causing germs, according to the world's leading expert on infectious disease, Dr. Charles Gerba. But few businesses or institutions use cleaning strategies that reduce germs and create a healthier environment. Coverall Heal ...
State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands
... entered at a later date or retracted upon further investigation. The longer the time between the period of interest and the date this Table was sourced, the more likely it is that the data are complete and the less likely they are to change. * Notifiable infectious diseases in the Netherlands are g ...
... entered at a later date or retracted upon further investigation. The longer the time between the period of interest and the date this Table was sourced, the more likely it is that the data are complete and the less likely they are to change. * Notifiable infectious diseases in the Netherlands are g ...
MEASLES FACTSHEET FOR SCHOOLS What
... needs over 95% of all people to be immunised. How soon should a child be back at school after measles? Measles is most infectious from 4 days before the appearance of the rash until 4 days afterwards. The DFEE and DoH guidelines on infection control in schools and nurseries recommend that a child sh ...
... needs over 95% of all people to be immunised. How soon should a child be back at school after measles? Measles is most infectious from 4 days before the appearance of the rash until 4 days afterwards. The DFEE and DoH guidelines on infection control in schools and nurseries recommend that a child sh ...
Antimicrobial Stewardship and Clostridium difficile Infection
... include antibiotic spectrum and duration.8 The first is the level of risk produced by a particular antibiotic, defined by the antibiotic spectrum of activity. As the titles suggest, broad-spectrum antibiotics kill a variety of different bacteria, whereas narrow-spectrum antibiotics kill a much small ...
... include antibiotic spectrum and duration.8 The first is the level of risk produced by a particular antibiotic, defined by the antibiotic spectrum of activity. As the titles suggest, broad-spectrum antibiotics kill a variety of different bacteria, whereas narrow-spectrum antibiotics kill a much small ...
Polio - Interhealth
... from polio and the possibility that polio virus will re-emerge in countries previously declared polio-free. The disease can be introduced to polio-free countries by infected travellers. It is therefore important that adults and children complete their full course of polio vaccinations as part of the ...
... from polio and the possibility that polio virus will re-emerge in countries previously declared polio-free. The disease can be introduced to polio-free countries by infected travellers. It is therefore important that adults and children complete their full course of polio vaccinations as part of the ...
Borna disease virus and its host
... with BD that Zwick and his co-workers could infer a viral etiology [30] [31] [213]. Around the same time, BDV was found in sheep and cattle [148] [213]. Before the etiology of BD was determined, the clinical signs in horses were carefully characterized [22]. This thorough investigation of over 400 c ...
... with BD that Zwick and his co-workers could infer a viral etiology [30] [31] [213]. Around the same time, BDV was found in sheep and cattle [148] [213]. Before the etiology of BD was determined, the clinical signs in horses were carefully characterized [22]. This thorough investigation of over 400 c ...
Modeling the prevalence of immunodeficiency-associated long-term vaccine-derived poliovirus excretors and
... Background: A small number of individuals with B-cell-related primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) may exhibit long-term (prolonged or chronic) excretion of immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived polioviruses (iVDPVs) following infection with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). These individuals ...
... Background: A small number of individuals with B-cell-related primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) may exhibit long-term (prolonged or chronic) excretion of immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived polioviruses (iVDPVs) following infection with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). These individuals ...
Human allergy and geohelminth infections
... The human response to infections with helminth parasites is distinct between first (acute) infections and chronic infections.19 Although the distinction between acute and chronic infections is somewhat arbitrary, it does provide a useful framework for understanding differences in the host responses ...
... The human response to infections with helminth parasites is distinct between first (acute) infections and chronic infections.19 Although the distinction between acute and chronic infections is somewhat arbitrary, it does provide a useful framework for understanding differences in the host responses ...
BMC Infectious Diseases
... ELISAs and a NS1 serotype-specific IgG ELISA as previously described: Briefly, for the E/M serotype-specific capture IgM ELISA, microliter wells were incubated with 100 µL of a cocktail containing 1 µg of monoclonal antibody D56-3 per mL and diluted culture supernatant of DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4, ...
... ELISAs and a NS1 serotype-specific IgG ELISA as previously described: Briefly, for the E/M serotype-specific capture IgM ELISA, microliter wells were incubated with 100 µL of a cocktail containing 1 µg of monoclonal antibody D56-3 per mL and diluted culture supernatant of DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4, ...
Sore throat in primary care project: a clinical score
... Objective. Viral agents cause the majority of sore throats. However, there is not currently a score to diagnose viral sore throat. The aims of this study were (i) to find the rate of bacterial and viral causes, (ii) to show the seasonal variations and (iii) to form a new scoring system to diagnose ...
... Objective. Viral agents cause the majority of sore throats. However, there is not currently a score to diagnose viral sore throat. The aims of this study were (i) to find the rate of bacterial and viral causes, (ii) to show the seasonal variations and (iii) to form a new scoring system to diagnose ...
Population genetic structure determines the speed of kill and
... 2005c). OBs of each genotype were mixed in the proportion 75%+25%, since the ratio 75%B+25%C is close to the proportion observed in the SfNIC population and this proportion restored the pathogenicity of genotype B, in terms of LC50 value, to that of the wild isolate (López-Ferber et al., 2003). The ...
... 2005c). OBs of each genotype were mixed in the proportion 75%+25%, since the ratio 75%B+25%C is close to the proportion observed in the SfNIC population and this proportion restored the pathogenicity of genotype B, in terms of LC50 value, to that of the wild isolate (López-Ferber et al., 2003). The ...
The survival probability of beneficial de novo mutations in budding
... budding, and cell death. Although the model can be generalized for any given budding virus, our work was done with a major emphasis on the early stages of infection with influenza A virus in human populations. The branching process was then interleaved with a stochastic process describing the diseas ...
... budding, and cell death. Although the model can be generalized for any given budding virus, our work was done with a major emphasis on the early stages of infection with influenza A virus in human populations. The branching process was then interleaved with a stochastic process describing the diseas ...
Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP
... remain healthy. In a very small percentage of cats, the virus mutates and causes a fatal disease called feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). This is more likely to occur in multi-cat environments and can take weeks, months or occasionally years after the initial infection with FCoV to develop. ...
... remain healthy. In a very small percentage of cats, the virus mutates and causes a fatal disease called feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). This is more likely to occur in multi-cat environments and can take weeks, months or occasionally years after the initial infection with FCoV to develop. ...
- LSHTM Research Online
... pCAG-PIBAV2VP6, pCAG-PIBAV2VP7 and pCAG-PIBAV2NS2, were generated, as described for BTV RG system [37,40]. Each coding region of IBAV-2 S1, S3, S4, S9, S7 and S8, encoding VP1, VP3, VP4, VP6, VP7 and NS2, respectively, was inserted into the mammalian expression vector pCAG-PM [52]. The sequence of t ...
... pCAG-PIBAV2VP6, pCAG-PIBAV2VP7 and pCAG-PIBAV2NS2, were generated, as described for BTV RG system [37,40]. Each coding region of IBAV-2 S1, S3, S4, S9, S7 and S8, encoding VP1, VP3, VP4, VP6, VP7 and NS2, respectively, was inserted into the mammalian expression vector pCAG-PM [52]. The sequence of t ...
Potential occurrence of Zika from subtropical to temperate Argentina
... Zika infections as a severe threat to public health. The high proportion of asymptomatic patients (7) makes difficult the rapid detection of the autochthonous transmission, facilitating the spread of this disease. In addition, the main vectors of Zika have currently a broad range of global distri ...
... Zika infections as a severe threat to public health. The high proportion of asymptomatic patients (7) makes difficult the rapid detection of the autochthonous transmission, facilitating the spread of this disease. In addition, the main vectors of Zika have currently a broad range of global distri ...
Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (Mantoux) Tubersol
... trend continued.7 The excess number of cases is due to many factors, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, a deterioration in the health-care infrastructure, and increases in the number of cases among foreign-born persons.7 Case rates of tuberculosis for all ages are highest in ...
... trend continued.7 The excess number of cases is due to many factors, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, a deterioration in the health-care infrastructure, and increases in the number of cases among foreign-born persons.7 Case rates of tuberculosis for all ages are highest in ...
FB sub-tarsal - Vision 2020 UK
... dysfunction) (Disorders of the lacrimal drainage system) - dacryocystitis – distended tender lacrimal sac Tumour of lacrimal sac or canaliculi (rare) - can produce lacrimal obstruction - swelling at or below inner canthus (± blood in tears) Bell’s palsy (lacrimal pump failure due to orbicularis weak ...
... dysfunction) (Disorders of the lacrimal drainage system) - dacryocystitis – distended tender lacrimal sac Tumour of lacrimal sac or canaliculi (rare) - can produce lacrimal obstruction - swelling at or below inner canthus (± blood in tears) Bell’s palsy (lacrimal pump failure due to orbicularis weak ...
Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 have different
... mononuclear cells. However, the kinetics of replication of HIV-2 compared with HIV-1 over time were distinct. HIV-2 had a burst of virus replication 2 days after infection that resolved into an apparent ‘latent state’ at day 3. HIV-1, however, continued to produce infectious virions at a lower, but ...
... mononuclear cells. However, the kinetics of replication of HIV-2 compared with HIV-1 over time were distinct. HIV-2 had a burst of virus replication 2 days after infection that resolved into an apparent ‘latent state’ at day 3. HIV-1, however, continued to produce infectious virions at a lower, but ...
2012 SCOR Pandemic Risk Conference Highlights
... than two billion people travel each year by plane. Increasing urbanization, growing population, global migrations are creating a new battlefield in the fight against new and old diseases. As a result, we demand ever-increasing predictive power to anticipate future epidemic outbreaks and evaluate ass ...
... than two billion people travel each year by plane. Increasing urbanization, growing population, global migrations are creating a new battlefield in the fight against new and old diseases. As a result, we demand ever-increasing predictive power to anticipate future epidemic outbreaks and evaluate ass ...
Precautions for Varicella Vaccine
... On behalf of the Iowa Pharmacy Association, thank you for your interest in serving the patients of your community by establishing an immunization protocol in accordance with the Iowa Administrative Code (657 IAC 8.33 (155A)). The following sample immunization protocol provides you with the opportuni ...
... On behalf of the Iowa Pharmacy Association, thank you for your interest in serving the patients of your community by establishing an immunization protocol in accordance with the Iowa Administrative Code (657 IAC 8.33 (155A)). The following sample immunization protocol provides you with the opportuni ...
Sexually transmitted infections (STI)
... Document in the “contact’s” medical record that they need immediate treatment for that STI and testing for the other common STI Do not write the name of the index case in the “contact’s” medical record, do not write the name of the “contact” in the medical record of the index case The client m ...
... Document in the “contact’s” medical record that they need immediate treatment for that STI and testing for the other common STI Do not write the name of the index case in the “contact’s” medical record, do not write the name of the “contact” in the medical record of the index case The client m ...
PDF - Nexus Academic Publishers
... 2600–C, J. P. SELECTA, Spain). Plate drying was avoided between plate washings and prior to the addition of conjugate. Then 100 μl of conjugate reagent (Chicken Anti Alkaline Phosphate) was added into each wells and incubated at room temperature (22˚–27˚C) for 60 minutes. ...
... 2600–C, J. P. SELECTA, Spain). Plate drying was avoided between plate washings and prior to the addition of conjugate. Then 100 μl of conjugate reagent (Chicken Anti Alkaline Phosphate) was added into each wells and incubated at room temperature (22˚–27˚C) for 60 minutes. ...
JE3216281633
... have greater chances of getting infected when compared to the agents having casual contact. The size of the waiting room would also affect the transmission of infections. The smaller the size of the waiting room the probability that the infection might get spread is greater. The smaller size of the ...
... have greater chances of getting infected when compared to the agents having casual contact. The size of the waiting room would also affect the transmission of infections. The smaller the size of the waiting room the probability that the infection might get spread is greater. The smaller size of the ...
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting primarily the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but chronic infection can lead to scarring of the liver and ultimately to cirrhosis, which is generally apparent after many years. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure, liver cancer, or life-threatening esophageal and gastric varices.HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, and transfusions. An estimated 150–200 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C. The existence of hepatitis C – originally identifiable only as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis – was suggested in the 1970s and proven in 1989. Hepatitis C infects only humans and chimpanzees. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The virus persists in the liver in about 85% of those infected. This chronic infection can be treated with medication: the standard therapy is a combination of peginterferon and ribavirin, with either boceprevir or telaprevir added in some cases. Overall, 50–80% of people treated are cured. Those who develop cirrhosis or liver cancer may require a liver transplant. Hepatitis C is the leading reason for liver transplantation, though the virus usually recurs after transplantation. No vaccine against hepatitis C is available. About 343,000 deaths due to liver cancer from hepatitis C occurred in 2013, up from 198,000 in 1990. An additional 358,000 in 2013 occurred due to cirrhosis.