Latent Tuberculosis Infection
... following TB infection. This fading of “immune memory” for the antigens in PPD may give a falsely-negative result following the administration of a single TST years after the initial infection. However, the host’s immune memory for PPD can be boosted by the first TST after many years, so that the su ...
... following TB infection. This fading of “immune memory” for the antigens in PPD may give a falsely-negative result following the administration of a single TST years after the initial infection. However, the host’s immune memory for PPD can be boosted by the first TST after many years, so that the su ...
Sample Policy for Mismanagement of Expressed Breast Milk
... Hepatitis B virus (HBV): A disease caused by a virus that attacks the liver. The virus can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG): This contains antibodies that can prevent infection from developing in a ...
... Hepatitis B virus (HBV): A disease caused by a virus that attacks the liver. The virus can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG): This contains antibodies that can prevent infection from developing in a ...
Common Infectious Disease Classification – not all are contagious
... Common Infectious Disease Classification – not all are contagious (human to human transmission) and the ones that are vary in their mode of transmission. Some are human>human, others involve an animal vector (zoonotic). DISEASES CLASSIFIED BY SPECIFIC PATHOGEN (in some cases more than one closely re ...
... Common Infectious Disease Classification – not all are contagious (human to human transmission) and the ones that are vary in their mode of transmission. Some are human>human, others involve an animal vector (zoonotic). DISEASES CLASSIFIED BY SPECIFIC PATHOGEN (in some cases more than one closely re ...
common_infectious_diseses
... Common Infectious Disease Classification – not all are contagious (human to human transmission) and the ones that are vary in their mode of transmission. Some are human>human, others involve an animal vector (zoonotic). DISEASES CLASSIFIED BY SPECIFIC PATHOGEN (in some cases more than one closely re ...
... Common Infectious Disease Classification – not all are contagious (human to human transmission) and the ones that are vary in their mode of transmission. Some are human>human, others involve an animal vector (zoonotic). DISEASES CLASSIFIED BY SPECIFIC PATHOGEN (in some cases more than one closely re ...
WHO Factsheet Vector-borne diseases
... It is mostly transmitted to humans by the faeces of triatomine bugs, also known as “kissing bugs”. Infected people can transmit the disease by blood or organ donation or from an infected mother to her newborn during pregnancy and childbirth. About 7–8 million people are estimated to be infected worl ...
... It is mostly transmitted to humans by the faeces of triatomine bugs, also known as “kissing bugs”. Infected people can transmit the disease by blood or organ donation or from an infected mother to her newborn during pregnancy and childbirth. About 7–8 million people are estimated to be infected worl ...
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS IN SCHOOLS
... employees must know the potential danger of bloodborne pathogens. Guidelines have been developed by the Centers of Disease Control (CDC) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) that can protect you from bloodborne pathogens. These guidelines outline a method for you and your sch ...
... employees must know the potential danger of bloodborne pathogens. Guidelines have been developed by the Centers of Disease Control (CDC) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) that can protect you from bloodborne pathogens. These guidelines outline a method for you and your sch ...
PDF
... HCMV disease is characterised by fever, leucopenia (very low white blood cells) and thrombocytopenia (very low platelet numbers) with or without specific organ dysfunction. Two main strategies to prevent HCMV disease have been adopted: anti-HCMV drug prophylaxis or pre-emptive treatment of transplan ...
... HCMV disease is characterised by fever, leucopenia (very low white blood cells) and thrombocytopenia (very low platelet numbers) with or without specific organ dysfunction. Two main strategies to prevent HCMV disease have been adopted: anti-HCMV drug prophylaxis or pre-emptive treatment of transplan ...
Sibship structure and risk of infectious
... sibling in this age range was associated with a transiently increased risk of IM. Most likely, the exposure to younger siblings aged 0–3 years also carries an increased risk of asymptomatic EBV infection. This would explain why, in the long run, exposure to a younger sibling was associated with a de ...
... sibling in this age range was associated with a transiently increased risk of IM. Most likely, the exposure to younger siblings aged 0–3 years also carries an increased risk of asymptomatic EBV infection. This would explain why, in the long run, exposure to a younger sibling was associated with a de ...
Infectious diseases of potential risk for travellers
... some of the most important and most dangerous, for which no vaccines exist. General precautions can greatly reduce the risk of exposure to infectious agents and should always be taken for visits to any destination where there is a significant risk of exposure. These precautions should be taken regar ...
... some of the most important and most dangerous, for which no vaccines exist. General precautions can greatly reduce the risk of exposure to infectious agents and should always be taken for visits to any destination where there is a significant risk of exposure. These precautions should be taken regar ...
Dry weather induces outbreaks of human West Nile virus infections
... • In the most severe cases, WNV can even result in DEATH. ...
... • In the most severe cases, WNV can even result in DEATH. ...
Hepatitis A virus – a general overview.
... endemicity. Southern and eastern Europe and some regions in Middle East are the examples where the reductions in exposure to the HAV in childhood have been reported. However, the disease rates are high in older children, adolescents and young adults because of the high level of circulating HAV via t ...
... endemicity. Southern and eastern Europe and some regions in Middle East are the examples where the reductions in exposure to the HAV in childhood have been reported. However, the disease rates are high in older children, adolescents and young adults because of the high level of circulating HAV via t ...
DTAC - Transplant Pro
... Health Services (PHS) Guideline, testing must also include HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) by donor screening or diagnostic NAT or HIV antigen/antibody (Ag/Ab) combination test. This does not apply to donors whose only increased risk factor is receiving hemodialysis within the preceding 12 months, as the ...
... Health Services (PHS) Guideline, testing must also include HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) by donor screening or diagnostic NAT or HIV antigen/antibody (Ag/Ab) combination test. This does not apply to donors whose only increased risk factor is receiving hemodialysis within the preceding 12 months, as the ...
40-60 Immune Compromised Clients
... Clients with increased risk of “normal flora” invading and becoming the cause of and infection. This may occur either from translocation across the gut wall or portals of entry created by breaks in the skin barrier, long duration IV access sites and catheters in any ...
... Clients with increased risk of “normal flora” invading and becoming the cause of and infection. This may occur either from translocation across the gut wall or portals of entry created by breaks in the skin barrier, long duration IV access sites and catheters in any ...
biosafety
... AGENTS IN USE: may include S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, S. choleraesius Also RG1 agents - E.coli, E. faecalis, B. subtilis, M. luteus, M. smegmatis, ...
... AGENTS IN USE: may include S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, S. choleraesius Also RG1 agents - E.coli, E. faecalis, B. subtilis, M. luteus, M. smegmatis, ...
Epidemiology
... Attributable risk for CHD (AR=500) is much higher than for lung cancer (AR=114.4) ...
... Attributable risk for CHD (AR=500) is much higher than for lung cancer (AR=114.4) ...
Risk assessment of events involving infectious diseases
... Very high likelihood (It will happen) ...
... Very high likelihood (It will happen) ...
Potential Biological Hazards and Controls
... etc.). Obtain medical history of patients. Engineered needle stick prevention devices. Availability of sharps containers for disposal. Proper disinfection of instruments and decontamination of environmental surfaces, lab supplies and materials. Vaccines. ...
... etc.). Obtain medical history of patients. Engineered needle stick prevention devices. Availability of sharps containers for disposal. Proper disinfection of instruments and decontamination of environmental surfaces, lab supplies and materials. Vaccines. ...
Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections
... There may be no symptoms for a long time Disease begins to attack organs Latent further divided into early, late, or unknown stages based on when infection occurred ...
... There may be no symptoms for a long time Disease begins to attack organs Latent further divided into early, late, or unknown stages based on when infection occurred ...
Anaerobes of clinical Importance
... Cl.tetani (TETANUS) Pathogenesis • Mainly due to tetanospasmin which is powerful exotoxin (protein) .This organism does not lead to invasion or Bacteraemia . Its function to inhibits transmission of normal inhibitory messages from central nervous system at anterior horn cells of cord. Diagnosis • M ...
... Cl.tetani (TETANUS) Pathogenesis • Mainly due to tetanospasmin which is powerful exotoxin (protein) .This organism does not lead to invasion or Bacteraemia . Its function to inhibits transmission of normal inhibitory messages from central nervous system at anterior horn cells of cord. Diagnosis • M ...
Roseola infantum - River Hills Pediatrics
... through the air or by direct contact. The incubation period (time from contact to the appearance of symptoms) is 9-10 days and it is most infectious when the rash appears. The risk to the child increases with exposure to a day care centre or to public places. Who gets roseola? It typically affects c ...
... through the air or by direct contact. The incubation period (time from contact to the appearance of symptoms) is 9-10 days and it is most infectious when the rash appears. The risk to the child increases with exposure to a day care centre or to public places. Who gets roseola? It typically affects c ...
Management of communicable diseases procedure
... be vaccinated or a record of vaccination recorded within their probationary period. Staff not wishing to be vaccinated are under no obligation to do so, however records would be maintained to reflect this. ...
... be vaccinated or a record of vaccination recorded within their probationary period. Staff not wishing to be vaccinated are under no obligation to do so, however records would be maintained to reflect this. ...
Prevention and control of tick-borne diseases in Europe
... non-symptomatic. • In clinical cases, TBE often has a biphasic course. • Viraemic phase: lasts 5 (range 2–10) days, and is associated with non-specific symptoms (fever, fatigue, ...
... non-symptomatic. • In clinical cases, TBE often has a biphasic course. • Viraemic phase: lasts 5 (range 2–10) days, and is associated with non-specific symptoms (fever, fatigue, ...
What are Viruses?
... • 2) immune system (extracellular): kills the virus outside the cell • also kills the infected cells • virus cannot spread • eventually the virus is completely removed and we ...
... • 2) immune system (extracellular): kills the virus outside the cell • also kills the infected cells • virus cannot spread • eventually the virus is completely removed and we ...
The Aging Liver
... • HCC mortality rates increased faster than rates for any other leading cause of cancer • HCC rate increased from o 2.7 per 100,000 persons in 2001 to o 3.2 in 2006, with an APC of 3.5% (annual percent increase, translates to 10% increase over 3 yr ...
... • HCC mortality rates increased faster than rates for any other leading cause of cancer • HCC rate increased from o 2.7 per 100,000 persons in 2001 to o 3.2 in 2006, with an APC of 3.5% (annual percent increase, translates to 10% increase over 3 yr ...
Prof Stephen Riordan - Hepatitis A – virus and vaccination
... Survives gastric acidity Breaches small intestinal mucosa Carried by portal vein to liver Enters hepatocyte by glycoprotein receptor, HAVCR1/TIM‐1 • Hepatocellular replication in cytoplasm • Exported via ‐ hepatic sinusoids ...
... Survives gastric acidity Breaches small intestinal mucosa Carried by portal vein to liver Enters hepatocyte by glycoprotein receptor, HAVCR1/TIM‐1 • Hepatocellular replication in cytoplasm • Exported via ‐ hepatic sinusoids ...
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting primarily the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but chronic infection can lead to scarring of the liver and ultimately to cirrhosis, which is generally apparent after many years. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure, liver cancer, or life-threatening esophageal and gastric varices.HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, and transfusions. An estimated 150–200 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C. The existence of hepatitis C – originally identifiable only as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis – was suggested in the 1970s and proven in 1989. Hepatitis C infects only humans and chimpanzees. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The virus persists in the liver in about 85% of those infected. This chronic infection can be treated with medication: the standard therapy is a combination of peginterferon and ribavirin, with either boceprevir or telaprevir added in some cases. Overall, 50–80% of people treated are cured. Those who develop cirrhosis or liver cancer may require a liver transplant. Hepatitis C is the leading reason for liver transplantation, though the virus usually recurs after transplantation. No vaccine against hepatitis C is available. About 343,000 deaths due to liver cancer from hepatitis C occurred in 2013, up from 198,000 in 1990. An additional 358,000 in 2013 occurred due to cirrhosis.